Abstract: The author explores the phenomenon of the legal personality of AI through the prisms of the constructions of the rights of animals, humans and certain types of persons. Theoretical and practical approaches to highlighting the legal personality of AI through the prism of a legal entity, animal, human are considered. Practical approaches are being studied on the conditions for the allocation of legal personality through the construction of Habeas Corpus, membership of the "board of directors", as well as the authorship of AI. The main legal structures for the implementation of this legal personality, the positions of the relevant authorities, as well as the stability of individual decisions at the level of consideration by the judiciary and compensatory legal measures that ensure the safe integration of AI into the sphere of public legal relations in Russia are determined.
The subject of the study is the formalization of the actions of artificial intelligence as a separate subject of law in the private legal and public fields.
The object of the study is regulatory documents, recommendations and other documents regulating the issues of distinguishing the legal personality of AI in Russia and foreign countries, academic publications on the issues under study.
The research methodology integrates a complex of modern philosophical, general scientific, special scientific methods of cognition, including dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, hermeneutical, comparative legal, formal legal (dogmatic), etc.
The measures proposed as a result of the study can be applied in the legislative and law enforcement practice of relevant authorities implementing the integration of artificial intelligence into the sphere of public and public relations in Russia.

Keywords: legal personality of AI, public law, Habeas Corpus, information law, comparative legal study of artificial intelligence, electronic person, artificial intelligence, AI authorship, legal entity, government regulation of AI

References:
Artificial Intelligence U.S. Department of State: [website]. — URL: https://www.state.gov/artificial-intelligence/ (accessed: 21.02.2023).
Xi Jinping: Artificial Intelligence will be the new driver of China's economy: [website]. — URL: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/5745558 (accessed: 21.02.2023).
Vladimir Putin instructed artificial intelligence to raise the Russian industry: [website]. — URL: https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2022/11/25/952049-putin-poruchil-iskusstvennomu-intellektu-podnimat-promishlennost (accessed: 21.02.2023).
OECD AI Observatory: [website]. — URL: https://oecd.ai/ (accessed: 21.02.2023).
Gabov A.V., Khavanova I.A.. Evolution of robots and the 21st-century law. // Tomsk State University Journal.-2018.-¹ 435.-pp. 215–233.
Gadjiev G.A., Voinikanis E.A. Could Robot be a Legal Subject? (In Search of Legal Forms for Digital Economy Regulation) // Pravo. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki, – 2018-no 4-pp. 24–48 (in Russian)..
Cahen, Murielle. Le droit des robots: [w

Abstract: Within the framework of this article, a comparative analysis of existing approaches is carried out to determine the basic conditions for ensuring the autonomy of AI in the context of public legal relations of foreign countries and Russia. As part of the comparative analysis, the basic problems in the field of AI decision-making transparency in world practice, practical situations of integrating non-transparent AI into the sphere of public legal relations in foreign countries, as well as possible compensatory legal measures that ensure the safe integration of AI into the sphere of public administration in Russia are being investigated.
The subject of the study is the formalization of the actions of artificial intelligence as a representative of a government body.
The object of the research is normative documents, recommendations and other documents regulating the implementation of AI autonomy for the purposes of public legal relations in Russia and foreign countries, judicial practice, academic publications on the issues under study.
The research methodology integrates a complex of modern philosophical, general scientific, special scientific methods of cognition, including dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, hermeneutical, comparative legal, formal legal (dogmatic), etc.
Within the framework of this study, special emphasis is placed on the implementation of a comparative legal study of the phenomenon of AI autonomy, which implements public functions based on the experience of various states.
The measures proposed as a result of the study can be applied in the legislative and law enforcement practice of the relevant authorities implementing the integration of artificial intelligence into the sphere of public relations in Russia.

Keywords: law enforcement practice, information law, public law, administrative law, safety AI, machine learning, counterfactual analysis, comparative legal research of AI, electronic person, artificial intelligence

References:
Zwischenbericht der Arbeitsgruppe “Digitaler Neustart” zur Frühjahrskonferenz der Justizministerinnen und Justizminister am 6. und 7. Juni 2018 in Eisenach: [website]. — URL: www.justiz.nrw.de/JM/schwerpunkte/digitaler_neustart/zt_fortsetzung_arbeitsgruppe_teil_2/2018-04-23-Zwischenbericht-F-Jumiko-2018%2D%2D-final.pdf (accessed: 21.02.2023).
Proposal for a Regulation on promoting fairness and transparency for business users of online intermediation services (COM(2018) 238 final / 2018/0112 (COD)): [website]. — URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/procedure/EN/2018_112 (accessed: 21.02.2023).
The initial proposal (Int. 1696–2017) would have added the text cited above to Section 23-502 of the Administrative Code of the City of New York. However, the law that was finally passed only established a task force which is designated to study how city agencies currently use algorithms: [website]. — URL: legistar.council.nyc.gov/LegislationDetail.aspx? ID¼3137815&GUID¼437A6A6D-62E1-47E2-9C42-461253F9C

Abstract: The research subject is the nature of legal relations in the sphere of government control of creation, launching and use of information systems. The author classifies legal relations as those related to the creation of state information systems (creation, launching, use, support, development, decommission) and connected with their use (delivery of information, access to information, use of state information systems), and those connected with the ownership right to state information systems and their components. The author analyzes the object, subject composition and the content of such legal relations. To characterize each group, the author uses the method of generalization. The author concludes that the relations, connected with the creation of state information systems, are of administrative-legal nature. At the same time, the relations if the field of their use are connected with the information inside the information system, and therefore can be classified as information legal relations. The author’s classification and conclusions are fundamentally important for information and administrative law. 

Keywords: Access to information, Information, Object of legal relationship, Information relations, Legal relations, State information systems, delivery of information, Data protection, creation, use

References:
Alekseev S.S. Obshchaya teoriya prava. M., Yurid. lit., 1982. T.2. 360 s.
Morozova L.A. Teoriya gosudarstva i prava: uchebnik. 5-e izd. M., Norma, INFRA-M, 2014. 464 s.
Matuzov N.I., Mal'ko A.V. Teoriya gosudarstva i prava: uchebnik. 4-e izd. M., Izdatel'skiy dom «Delo» RANKhiGS, 2016. 528 s.
Tolstoy Yu.K. K teorii pravootnosheniya. Leningrad, Iz-vo Leningradskogo Un-ta. 1959. 88 s.
Teoriya gosudarstva i prava: kurs lektsiy / pod red. N.I. Matuzova i A.V. Mal'ko. M., Yurist, 2001. 776 s.
Informatsionnoe pravo: uchebnik dlya bakalavrov / otv. red. I. M. Rassolov. M., Prospekt, 2013. 352 s.
Informatsionnoe pravo. Kopylov V.A. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M., Yurist', 2002. 512 s.
Gorodov O. A.Informatsionnoe pravo: uchebnik. M., TK Velbi, Izd-vo Prospekt, 2008. 248 s.
Vengerov A.B. Pravo i informatsiya v usloviyakh avtomatizatsii upravleniya. Teoreticheskie problemy: avtoreferat diss. … dokt. yurid. nauk. M., 1975. 26 s.
Ogorodov D.V. Pravovoe regulirovanie otnosheniy v informatsionnoy sfere: avtoreferat diss. ... kand.

Abstract: The research subject is the four official (government-supported) federal websites specialized in the acceptance of citizens’ electronic appeals: The Single Portal for Central and Local Government Service; the online portal of pre-trial appeal against central and local government services; the online portal “Your Control”; the website “Russian Public Initiative”. The author analyzes the universal government-supported websites, but not the websites of particular governing bodies created in the pursuance of the Federal Law “On the provision of access to the information about the activities of central governing bodies and local governments”. The author applies the following methods: dialectics, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, the formal-legal method, the method of intersectoral legal studies, and the comparative-legal method. The present article is one of the first complex studies of websites, specialized in the acceptance of citizens’ appeals, analyzing all the existing Russian specialized government-supported websites on the Internet. The author considers the legal framework of these websites’ functioning and the algorithm of their work with citizens’ appeals. The author analyzes the problem of anonymity of electronic appeals and its solution by means of the registration on The Single Portal for Central and Local Government Service. The author detects the advantages of specialized websites in comparison with other ways of lodging and processing of citizens’ appeals: federal coverage (the appeal can be lodged with any governing body connected to the information system); convenience (appeals can be sent electronically from any place with access to the Internet including a mobile phone); compatibility (all the mentioned websites operate on the base of the single applicant identification system and are interconnected); consideration procedure transparency (application processing by a governing body is reflected on the applicant’s personal account). The research can help improve the work with electronic applications and increase the quality of their processing by governing bodies. 

Keywords: the "Your Control" portal, Portal for Central and Local Government Service, electronic document, electronic appeal, appeal, applicant identification, official website, portal of pre-trial appeal, right to appeal, anonymous appeal

References:
Informatsionno-statisticheskiy obzor rassmotrennykh v 2015 godu obrashcheniy grazhdan, organizatsiy i obshchestvennykh ob'edineniy, adresovannykh Prezidentu Rossiyskoy Federatsii, a takzhe rezul'tatov rassmotreniya i prinyatykh mer // Ofitsial'nyy sayt Upravleniya Prezidenta RF po rabote s obrashcheniyami grazhdan i organizatsiy. http://letters.kremlin.ru/digests/158.
Savos'kin A.V. Sposoby podachi elektronnykh obrashcheniy v Rossii (problemy pravovogo regulirovaniya i praktiki) // Informatsionnoe pravo. Predydushchiy nomer.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 09.02.2009 ¹ 8-FZ (red. ot 28.11.2015) «Ob obespechenii dostupa k informatsii o deyatel'nosti gosudarstvennykh organov i organov mestnogo samoupravleniya» // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 16.02.2009. ¹ 7. St. 776.
Maksimovich D.S. Ofitsial'nyy sayt Pravitel'stva RF kak instrument realizatsii simvolicheskogo kapitala vlasti // Teoriya i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya. 2010. ¹ 3. S. 34-37.
Filatova O.E., Chugunov A.V. Elektronnoe vzaimodeystvie mezhdu obshchestvom i vlast'yu: formirovanie kontseptsii i praktik