Abstract: The article discusses some problems of legal regulation of the protection of farm animals, argues for the need to finalize the current legislation in terms of fixing legal norms in terms of humane treatment of this category of animals, justifies the need to take into account the best international experience in the field of humane treatment of animals. There is currently no single legislative act in the Russian Federation that would protect and support the rights of all animal species, including agricultural ones, to live satisfying their needs and experiencing minimal suffering. Recently, the changes taking place in the legislative regulation of relations in the field of humane treatment of animals have become more noticeable, which is expressed in the reform of this sphere of relations and the desire to bring it closer to the best world experience. However, to date, in Russia, no regulatory legal act has established rules that ensure humane conditions for keeping and slaughtering farm animals. The Federal Law "On Responsible Treatment of Animals" adopted in 2018 excluded farm animals from its scope, therefore, gaps in the legislative regulation.

Keywords: European legislation, organic products, animal cruelty, agrarian legislation, animal welfare, responsible treatment, humanism, animal rights, farm animals, agriculture

References:
Belov V.A. European "pig" law? (on the issue of one Directive of the Council of the European Union) // Law. 2014. N 7. pp. 166-187
Brinchuk M.M. Principles of environmental law: Monograph. M., 2013. p. 36.
Commentary to Law No. 498 "On responsible treatment of animals" article by article/ S.A. Bogolyubov, D.B. Gorokhov, N.V. Kichigin et al.; ed. D.B. Gorokhov; Institute of Legislation and Comparative Jurisprudence under the Government of the Russian Federation. — M.: LLC "Law Firm Contract", 2020.-280 p. – p. 21.
Mikryukov V.A. The benefit and burden of owning animals on the right of ownership // Legislation and Economics. 2014. No.8. pp. 48-55.
Minina E.L. Problems of legal regulation of animal treatment// https://pravo-zoozahita.ru/e-minina-problemy-pravovogo-regulirovaniya-obrashheniya-s-zhivotnymi/
On the approval of the Rules for the Sale of Certain types of goods, a list of durable goods that are not subject to the buyer's requirement to provide him with a similar product free of cha

Abstract: The subject of the work is the legal norms regulating social relations arising in the process of reindeer husbandry. The purpose of the work is to formulate conclusions and proposals for improving legal regulation in this area based on the analysis of federal and regional legislation, strategic planning documents, as well as information and data related to reindeer husbandry carried out in Russia. In the process of work, general scientific, private and special methods were used. Including: analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, induction, formal legal and other methods. The relevance of the research topic is indicated by the fact that in Russia reindeer husbandry belongs to one of the most common types of traditional economic activity. Its importance is high not only for the northern regions, but also for the whole of Russia, reindeer husbandry is rightfully attributed to one of the reserves for strengthening the country's food security. In addition, the support of traditional economic activities, which includes reindeer husbandry, contributes to the preservation of the material and spiritual culture of indigenous peoples. These facts indicate the relevance of issues related to the legal regulation of reindeer husbandry. The paper draws a number of conclusions concerning the development of legislation in this area, so, as one of the measures aimed at supporting reindeer husbandry, it is proposed at the legislative level to prioritize the implementation of traditional nature management over other types of economic activity.

Keywords: industrial development, environmental protection, animal husbandry, food security, conflict of interest, Arctic, state support, indigenous peoples, traditional economic activity, reindeer husbandry

References:
Gladun, E. F., & Nysten-Haarala, S., & Tulaeva, S. A., & Zakharova, O. V. (2022). Indigenous economy in the Arctic regions: traditions, market, state (on the example of the transformation of the economic activity of the Indigenous peoples in Russia, Finland, and the USA. Journal of Economic Sociology, 23(3), 11–41. doi: 10.17323/1726-3247-2022-3-11-41
Efimov, I. P., & Kalitin R. R. (2021). The state and problems of the development of traditional economic activity in the Arctic: reindeer husbandry. Arctic 2035: Pressing Issues, Problems, Solutions, 1, 44–47. doi: 10.51823/74670_2021_1_44
Tarasov, Ì. Å., & Tarasova-Sivtseva, Î. Ì. (2022). Current situation and level of food supply of the republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Bulletin of ASAU, 1, 104–111.
Rodnina, N. V. (2022). Arctic reindeer herding in Yakutia in the context of industrial development of the territory: conflict of interest or prospects for cooperation. Arctic: ecology and economy, 12(1), 140–151. doi: 10.25283/2223-4594-2022-1-140-151
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Abstract: The article studies the topical issues of pig farming development in Krasnodar Krai. The author analyzes positive results that farms in Kuban region have achieved. The article contains the analysis of drawbacks and shortcomings influencing the results of pig farms’ work. The author studies the problems of using the best practices in the field of pig breeding in Krasnodar Krai. the author supposes that to ensure food security of the Russian Federation (which is a strategic objective aimed at overcoming Western economic sanctions and in important condition of achieving President’s goals of import substitution of agricultural products and food) it is necessary to strengthen farm animal production in Russia. This is particularly true for pig farming as the most promising sector of animal breeding. The author uses a set of scientific research methods including the scientific and economic experience, industrial testing of the research results; as well as the statistical, mathematical and comparative methods. In the author’s opinion, for the purpose of successful solving the mentioned problems, along with the further development of forage base and wide use of intensive production technologies, the qualitative improvement of herds and breeds and methodical improvement of productive and breeding abilities of existing breeds are becoming more important. Krasnodar Krai is the leading region in these aspects. 
 

Keywords: breeding, Krasnodar Krai, Russia, problems, import substitution, animal breeding, agriculture, productivity, forage base, topicality

References:
Ofitsial'nyy sayt.-[Elektronnyy istochnik]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.dsh.krasnodar.ru (data obrashcheniya: 05.08.2016).
Shelamova N.A. Obespechenie effektivnogo razvitiya svinovodstva // Ekonomika sel'skogo khozyaystva. Referativnyy zhurnal.-2010.-¹ 2.-S. 475.
Tikhomirov A.I., Chinarov V.I. Organizatsiya informatsionno-analiticheskogo obespecheniya selektsionno-plemennoy raboty v svinovodstve // Tekhnika i oborudovanie dlya sela.-2015.-¹ 5.-S. 44-48.
Melikova Yu.N. Povyshenie effektivnosti iskusstvennogo osemeneniya sviney s ispol'zovaniem biologicheski aktivnykh veshchestv: diss. … uchenoy stepeni kandidata veterinarnykh nauk. – Krasnodar, 2010. – 137 s.
Kulikova N.S. Iskusstvennoe osemenenie sviney v promyshlennom svinovodstve // Svinovodstvo. – 2013.-¹ 2. – S. 11-13.
Belousov N. Stanut li selektsionno-geneticheskie tsentry lokomotivom promyshlennogo svinovodstva // Svinovodstvo.-2013.-¹ 3.-S. 4-7.
Tikhomirov A.I., Sharinin V.N. Povyshenie effektivnosti svinovodstva na osnove intensifikatsii selektsii // Svinovodstvo.-2014.-¹ 6.

Abstract: The research object is the systems and devices based on wind energy used in grassland farming and free-range animal husbandry. The research subject is the development of technical means of using renewable energy sources for organization and facilitation of intellectual grassland farming. The authors emphasize the importance of restoration of degraded soils, deserts and semi deserts, and creation of favourable economic background for animal breeding, monitoring, water supply and other infrastructure based on renewable energy sources. The authors analyze the current state of grassland farming and the factors influencing the productivity of grama grass and study the methods and approaches to the improvement of thermal characteristics of soil, the criteria influencing the technical and economic effectiveness of using digital intellectual systems in grassland farming. The scientific novelty of the research consists in theoretical substantiation of the key elements of digital intellectual system, their characteristics and functions, which would help to improve energy security of grassland farming. A biotechnological complex for intellectual grassland farming which includes antigravitational heat pipes used for soil temperature reduction for it to be suitable for feed crops, monitoring system, water supply system and other infrastructure on the base of renewable energy sources, can be effectively used for the development of deserts and semi deserts for intellectual grassland farming. 
 

Keywords: constant temperature belt, natural forage lands, land degradation, digital pasture infrastructure, desert development, soil improvement, pasture livestock farming, renewable energy sources, ecological framework, agriculture

References:
Matveev L.T. Teoriya obshchey tsirkulyatsii atmosfery i klimata Zemli. M.:Gidrometeoizdat, 1991. 296s.
Koronovskiy N.V., Yakusheva A.F. Osnovy geologii: Ucheb. dlya geograf. spets. vuzov. - M.:Vyssh.shk., 1991. 416s.
Sidorov M.I. Plodorodie i obrabotka pochvy / M.I. Sidorov. - Voronezh.: Tsentr.-Chernozemnoe kn. Izd-vo, 1981. 96 s.
Ponomareva V.V. Usloviya vodno-mineral'nogo pitaniya rasteniy kak glavnyy faktor fitotsenogeneza i pochvoobrazovaniya// Pochvovedenie. 1984. ¹ 8. S. 29-38.
Gringof I.G., Babushkin O.L.. Klimat, pogoda i pastbishchnoe zhivotnovodstvo. Obninsk: GU «VNIIGMI-MTsD», 2010. 352s.
Zonn I.S., Kust G.S., Andreeva O.V. Paradigma opustynivaniya: 40 let razvitiya i global'nykh deystviy //Aridnye ekosistemy. 2017. T.23, ¹ 3(72). S.3-16
Kudrin B.I. «Strategiya elektroenergetiki i strategiya elektriki Rossii do kontsa XXI veka»// Zhurnal «Vesti v Elektroenergetike». 2016. ¹3. S.18–29.
Kurtener D.A., Uskov I.B. Upravlenie mikroklimatom sel'skokhozyaystvennykh poley. L., 1988. 259s.
Maydanik Yu.F. Konturnye teplovye

Abstract: The article is devoted to the processes of the distribution and use of energy by purebred Simmental, Simmental Austrian, and Simmental-Holstein heifers. It was revealed that Simmental heifers of the Austrian selection digested nutrients better than those of other groups. The energy of the digested substances in heifers of different genotypes (purebred Simmental, Simmental Austrian selection, Simmental-Holstein) is 81.6, 82.0, 82.2 %% of the digested energy and 55.75, 58.0, 53.2% % of the accepted (gross energy) respectively. Based on the nutrient digestibility data, the animals of all groups were under the same conditions. They all were fed two times a day and drank from buckets. The diet of the experimental animals consisted of grass hay (4 kg), oat haylage (6 kg) and mixed feed (1 kg). Experimental heifers were accustomed to the rations under study during the preliminary period. The gross energy of feed was calculated by the formula: HE (MJ) = 23.9 cP + 39.8 cG + 20.1 cK + 17.5 CBEV. A comparative analysis of digestibility coefficients showed that inthe group of the Simmental Austrian heifers, the digestibility of dry matter was greater by 3.31% and 6 , 86% (Ð0.99) and 5.8%, crude fiber - by 5.9% and 8.63% and BEV - by 1.75% and 5.08%, compared with those of other groups. 

Keywords: feed means, digestible energy, digestibility coefficient, digestibility, nutrients, ration, exchange energy, heifers of different genotypes, mineral elements, genotype

References:
Mysik, A.T. Pitatel'nost' kormov, potrebnosti zhivotnykh i normirovanie kormleniya. / A.T Mysik // Zootekhniya.-2007.-¹1. –S. 7-13.
Nadal'yak, E.A. Izuchenie obmena energii i energeticheskogo pitaniya u sel'skokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh / E.A. Nadal'yak, V.I. Agafonov, K.N. Grigor'eva // Metodicheskie ukazaniya. – Borovsk, 1977. – 56 s.
Nazarenko, N.D. Osobennosti raspredeleniya i ispol'zovaniya energii u zhivotnykh v raznye stadii reproduktivnogo tsikla: avtoreferat … kand. biol. nauk. g. Khar'kov, 1984. 129 s.
Normy i ratsiony kormleniya sel'skokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh: Spravochnoe posobie / Pod red. A.P. Kalashnikova, V.I. Fisinina, V.V. Shcheglova, N.I. Kleymenova // M. 2003. – 458 s.
Trenkle A. Effects of adding energy or protein from corn grain on feedlot performance and body composition of growing cattle / A. Trenkle, E. Hentges // As (publications) — Iowa state imiver. Cooperative extension service. 1985. 553. P. 117—122.

Abstract: The results of the experiment on feeding grain molasses in the diets of cows of different genotypes (Purebred Simmentals, Austrian Breeding Simmentals, Simmental-Holstein Hybrids) are presented. The studies were conducted in the FSUE "Red Star" of the Megino-Kangalassky ulus of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The positive effect of grain molasses on the digestibility of nutrients, which contributed to the activation of animal metabolism, was revealed. In the I-experimental group of cows (Simmentals of Austrian Breeding) protein digestibility coefficients were higher by 10.33% than in the control group of cows (Purebred Simmentals) and by 8.57% than in the II-experimental groups (Simmental-Holstein Hybrids). This intensified the metabolic processes of cows and improved the use of mineral feed. The feed and the feed remainders were analyzed at the biochemical and mass analysis laboratory of the Yakutsk Research Agricultural Institute. The results of the research and analysis of physiological indicators have allowed to make the following conclusion: the use of grain molasses in the diets of milk cows has raised digestibility of all nutrients. This is due to the fact that the efficiency of metabolism depends on how efficiently the metabolic energy of the feed is used and transformed in the farding bag of cows which is in many ways determined by the composition of the feed. To increase productivity of milk cows, Nikolaeva recommends to use the 13% grain molass in the diet of cows. According to the author, this will allow to avoid the loss of nutrients and thus economize the feed and increase productivity of milk cows. 

Keywords: protein, metabolism, diet, digestibility, nutrient materials, Simmental-Holstein cross-breeds, grain molasses, the Simmental cows Austrian selection, simmental breed, cows

References:
Grigor'ev, N.G. Biologicheskaya polnotsennost' kormov. / N.G. Grigor'ev, N.P. Volkov, E.S. Vorob'ev // M. : Agropromizdat, 1989.-287 s.
Kalashnikov, A.P. Normy i ratsiony kormleniya sel'skokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh: spravochnoe posobie / A.P. Kalashnikov, V.I. Fisinin, V.V. Shcheglov, N.I. Kleymenov // 3-e izd., pererab. i dop.-M., 2003.-456 s.
Kal'nitskiy, B.D. Sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy issledovaniy fiziologo-biokhimicheskogo obosnovaniya energeticheskogo, proteinovogo i vitaminno-mineral'nogo pitaniya sel'skokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh. / B.D. Kal'nitskiy // Sel'skokhozyaystvennaya biologiya zhivotnykh.-1993.-¹4.-S. 3-11.
Makartsev, N.G. Kormlenie sel'skokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh: uchebnik dlya vuzov / N.G. Makartsev // 2-e izd., pererab. i dop.. Kaluga: Izd-vo nauchnoy literatury N.F. Bochkarevoy, 2007.-608 s.
Merkur'ev, E.K. Biometriya v selektsii i genetike sel'skokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh / E.K. Merkur'ev // M: Kolos. 1970.-423 s.
Nadal'yak, E.A. Izuchenie obmena energii i energeticheskogo pitaniya u sel'skokhozyaystvennykh zhivotn

Abstract:  
The present article is devoted to topical issues of development of animal husbandry in the Krasnodar region. The author examines the positive results achieved by the livestock farmers of the Kuban region by 2016. In the work the analysis of failures and defects that affect the results of operations of animal husbandry farms. The issues of application of the advanced experience in the field of breeding livestock on the territory of Krasnodar region are also being considered. The author believes that it is important to ensure food security of the Russian Federation, because it is a strategic task for overcoming Western economic sanctions and an essential condition to fulfill the goals set by the President of the Russian Federation aimed at import substitution of agricultural products and food products. For the successful solution of these problems, along with further strengthening of the forage and extensive use of the efficient production technologies, the importance lies in the qualitative improvement of herds and breeds of highly productive breeds and systematic improvement of breeding and productive qualities of the existing species. The author believes that in this regard Krasnodar Krai is the leading region of the country.
 

Keywords: productivity, breeding, Krasnodar Krai, Russia, problems, import substitution, animal production, agriculture, forage, relevance

References:
Dunin I.M., Ivanov Yu.A., Volyntsev A.A., Kharitonov S.N. Plemennoe zhivotnovodstvo-itogi, zadachi, perspektivy // Nashe plemennoe delo.-2001.-¹ 2.-S. 2-4.
Volyntsev A.A. Ivanov Yu.A., Mysik A.T. Kak obustroit' plemennoe zhivotnovodstvo // Zootekhniya.-1998.-¹ 10.-S. 6-8.
Garyaev B.E. Plemennoe zhivotnovodstvo – strategiya uspekha // Zootekhniya.-2010.-¹ 5.-S. 11-12.
O plemennom zhivotnovodstve: Federal'nyy zakon ot 03.08.1995 ¹ 123-FZ // SZ RF.-07.08.1995.-¹32.-St. 3199.
Ofitsial'nyy sayt.-[Elektronnyy istochnik]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.dsh.krasnodar.ru (data obrashcheniya: 05.08.2016).
Shchukina I.V. O merakh po kachestvennomu uluchsheniyu otechestvennykh porod skota i ispol'zovaniem mirovogo genofonda.-Krasnodar, 2010.-47 s.
Shcherbatov V.I. O perspektivakh razvitiya plemennogo zhivotnovodstva na Kubani do 2020 g.-Krasnodar, 2012.-108 s.
Semenov A.V. Plemennoe zhivotnovodstvo-osnova vysokointensivnogo razvitiya otrasli / v sbornike: Organizatsionno-ekonomicheskie osnovy effektivnogo funktsionirovaniya APK. Materialy nauchno-pr