Abstract: There are principles and restrictions of the international trade influencing not only the export potential of the country, but also its internal market and food security. The object of research is foreign economic activity connected with the export of raw materials and processed products of the oil and fat industry. The research subject is the fundamental trade principles of the WTO which can have an impact on the volumes of export of the oil and fat industry established by the Federal project “Agricultural products export”. The authors consider trade regimes and principles common for all member-states, and the relatively recent changes in export financing. In the Russian Federation, the complex agricultural products export support system is functioning. This system is included in the National project “International cooperation and export”, and the project “Agricultural products export” is part of it. Within the federal project, various instruments of exporting agriculture producers support are used, both of financial and non-financial nature, which are implemented via various institutes for development. The key factor of the topical character of this research is the restriction of agricultural products export financing and the provision of Russia’s food security. The authors analyze tariff regulation of oil and fat products trade and formulate the variants of development of this sector. 
 

Keywords: Priority national project, fat-and-oil industry, Trade policy, export subsidies, trade restrictions, the World trade organisation, agriculture, import substitution, state support, deep processing

References:
Povestka dnya na XXI vek. Prinyata Konferentsiey OON po okruzhayushchey srede i razvitiyu, Rio-de-Zhaneyro, 3–14 iyunya 1992 goda [Elektronnyy resurs] // OON [sayt]. URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/agenda21_ch2a.shtml.
Marrakeshskoe soglashenie o sozdanii Vsemirnoy Torgovoy Organizatsii (Marrakesh, 15 aprelya 1994 g.).
Principles of the trading system [Elektronnyy resurs] // WTO [sayt]. URL: https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/fact2_e.htm.
Shumilov V.M. Pravo VTO i pravovaya sistema Rossii [Elektronnyy resurs] // Rossiyskaya assotsiatsiya mezhdunarodnogo prava [sayt]. URL: http://www.ilarb.ru/html/news/2013/Shumilov.html
Mokrov G.G. Nedobrosovestnaya konkurentsiya v mezhdunarodnoy torgovle // Sovremennaya konkurentsiya. – 2007.-¹3. – S. 118-127.
Chleny VTO dogovorilis' po eksportnoy konkurentsii v sel'skom khozyaystve i otsenivayut perspektivy dal'neyshikh peregovorov // Bridges network. – 2015. – ¹5.
Sel'skokhozyaystvennaya organizatsiya OON. Obnovlennaya informatsiya o khode peregovorov po sel's

Abstract: The article considers the legal grounds of innovations in the agricultural sector of modern  Russia; the authors formulate a definition of agricultural policy which establishes static characteristics of this kind of policy, and the dynamic content of the state’s activity in the agricultural field. The authors suggest establishing the key parameters of a legal innovation as a definite system of legal means and legislative solutions meant to strengthen legal regulation in the socio-economic, political, administrative and other fields of state-legal development. The authors also emphasize the content of a legal innovation of the agricultural sector of Russia which is determined by scientific and technological, geographical and biological peculiarities of spatial development and the changes of agricultural turnover, and is based on the decisions of representative authorities mainly. The authors use the formal-legal, abstract-logical, historical-legal, and comparative-legal research methods. On the basis of the peculiarities of legal regulation in the agricultural field and the peculiarities of implementation of food safety policy in modern Russia, the authors classify legal innovations in the agro-industrial sector. The article substantiates the development of the agricultural sector with account for technical innovations, system technical transformations and consideration for the interests of Russian agricultural producers. The proposals aimed at the implementation of legal innovations in the agro-industrial sector are based on the strategy of autonomous and sustainable development of Russia’s agro-industrial complex and agricultural market. 
 

Keywords: standard, plan, legislation, agriculture, food security, agro-industrial complex, law, legal innovations, ecology, agricultural policy

References:
Kheifets B.A., Chernova V.Yu. Tools for estimating the effectiveness of import-substituting modernization: case in the agriculture of Russia // European Research Studies Journal. 2018. T. 21. ¹ 3. P. 179-191.
Teplyashin I.V., Bogatova E.V. Pravovaya kul'tura sel'khoztovaroproizvoditeley v sovremennoy Rossii // Pravovaya politika i pravovaya zhizn'. 2016. ¹ 2. S. 110-114.
Vlasov V.A. O protivorechivosti pravovogo regulirovaniya kategorii «sel'skokhozyaystvennyy proizvoditel'» // Pravovaya politika i pravovaya zhizn'. 2016. ¹ 2. S. 128-134.
Mitin A.N., Voronina Ya.V. Diskurs o problemakh ekonomicheskoy effektivnosti v sel'skom khozyaystve Rossii // Agrarnyy vestnik Urala. 2017. ¹ 3 (157). S. 87-96.
Solomakha S.I. Innovatsionnaya agrarnaya politika kak osnova ustoychivogo razvitiya predpriyatiy APK // Nauchno-metodicheskiy elektronnyy zhurnal «Kontsept». 2013. ¹ 3. S. 81-85.
Mironov A.L., Mironova G.V. Problemy teorii standartizatsii v oblasti sistemnoy i programmnoy inzhenerii // materialy XXIII mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-proizvodstv

Abstract: The subject of the research is the operation process of the rotor of a tilling and separating machine which changes the structure and solidity of the cultivated soil layer according to the agricultural requirements. The author considers the design of the blade of the rotor of a tilling and separating machine. The research object is the blade of the rotor whose form allows it to rotate with a minimum expenditure of energy. The topicality of the research is determined by the fact that the theoretically justified design of the blade of the rotor of a tilling and separating machine will help improve the methods of secondary tillage aimed at the improvement of its agrotechnical characteristics with a minimum expenditure of energy. To define the value of a relative speed of a soil element movement along the blade, the author derives an equation using the method described in P.M. Vasilenko’s theory of soil particles movement along rough surfaces, but the author considers soil particles movement along the blade. The article is based on theoretical research using mechanical and mathematical modeling of working tools interaction with soil. The initial data was collected via the analysis of literary sources. The author substantiates the design of the blade of the rotor of a tilling and separating machine which guarantees its rotation with a minimum expenditure of energy owing to the lesser dispersion of soil particles and the prevention of their building-up on the separating grill. The research results can be used by constructors and specialists developing tillage tools.

Keywords: angle, design, loosening, torque, energy, knife, separation lattice, rotor, the soil, radius

References:
Nugis E. et al. Estimation of soil structure and physical state in the seedbed under different tillage and environmental conditions // Zemdirbyste-Agriculture. – 2016. – T. 103. – ¹. 3.DOI 10.13080/z-a.2016.103.031
Kovalev M.M., Sheychenko V.A., Shevchuk V.V., Fadeev V.G. Opredelenie kachestva obrabotki pochvy igol'chatoy boronoy // Traktory i sel'khozmashiny. 2016. ¹10. s. 11-13.
Sheichenko V., Dudnikov I., Shevchuk V., Kuzmych A. Research of surface-plane and space-deep interaction of needle with soil // VII International scientific congress agricultural machinery, proceedings volume 2 uses of machines. innovative technologies. conserving soils and water. 26.06 – 29.06.2019 Burgas, Bulgaria ISSN 2535-0269 (Print) ISSN 2535-0277 (Online), Agricultural machinery 2019, Vol 2., s.93-97.
Pashchenko V. F., Syromyatnikov Yu.N. Pochvoobrabatyvayushchaya pristavka k zernovoy seyalke v tekhnologiyakh «No till» // Aekonomika: ekonomika i sel'skoe khozyaystvo, 2018. ¹3 (27). – S. 6.
Syromyatnikov Yu.N. Pokazateli kachestva raboty pochvo

Abstract: The author analyzes the global experience of government support for the agricultural sector and assesses the potential of using it in the Russian Federation in the current economic situation and the need for the import substitution strategy. The research subject is the public policy in the agricultural sector of the developed countries. The research object is the international practice of implementation of programmes and the measures of government support for the agricultural sector. Special attention is given to the most effective instruments and mechanisms of government support for the agricultural sector in different countries. The author uses the range of scientific research methods: theoretical cognition, the statistical method, the method of monographic research, comparative analysis and the graphical method. The author analyzes the agricultural sector development programmes of developed countries, defines the results of agrarian policy achieved by the majority of economically developed countries while implementing the programmes of government support for the agricultural sector. The author reveals the unidirectional flow of the content of the mechanism of the agrarian policy implementation in the countries under consideration and defines the key directions in the government support for agricultural producers: subsidies for producers, budgetary financing of common services, transfers to consumers. The author emphasizes the necessity to improve the system of government support for the Russian agricultural sector producers for the purpose of ensuring national interests, food security, raising competitive performance and adaptation of government support for Russia’s agricultural sector to international requirements and standards. The author systematizes external threats and outlines the ways of overcoming the resource restrictions of the agricultural sector development. Based on the results of the research, the author formulates the aims of the agricultural sector strategic management in the context of import substitution.

Keywords: food security, import substitution, foreign experience, real sector of the economy, government support, agricultural sector, agriculture, Economics, modernization, agricultural personnel

References:
Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva RF ot 15 iyulya 2013g. ¹598 Federal'naya tselevaya programma «Ustoychivoe razvitie sel'skikh territoriy na 2014-2017 gody i na period do 2020 goda». [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://base.garant.ru/70419016 (data obrashcheniya: 25.03.2017)
Rasporyazhenie Pravitel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 30 noyabrya 2010g. ¹2136-r «Kontseptsiya ustoychivogo razvitiya sel'skikh territoriy Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2020 goda». [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/2073544
Alekseev A.N., Minaev A.M. Rossiyskiy agroprodovol'stvennyy rynok v usloviyakh globalizatsii // Transportnoe delo Rossii. – 2012. – ¹ 6-1. – S. 77-79.
Anfinogentova A.A., Ermolova O.V., Yakovenko N.A. Importozameshchenie v sisteme strategicheskogo upravleniya agroprodovol'stvennym kompleksom Rossii // Agrarnyy nauchnyy zhurnal. – 2015. – ¹ 12. – S. 60-64.
Gazizov R. M. Zarubezhnyy opyt razvitiya sel'skikh territoriy // Molodoy uchenyy. – 2014. – ¹ 2. – S. 416-418.
Gataulina E.A., Shkurenko A.V. Sinkhronizats

Abstract: The subject of the study is the ways to increase the efficiency of transport vehicle and traction vehicle with dual wheels in different modes of operation (transport, working, traction). The object of the study is the system of twin wheels with the ability to adjust the area of contact with the soil for operation in different operating modes. The state of the soil in the process of its re-consolidation by the running part of mobile agricultural machinery clearly indicates a close correlation between the change in the mechanical, technological, biological, chemical, morphological properties and economic indicators of the soil state, and, consequently, the level of environmental safety of used mobile agricultural machinery, including the composition of soil cultivating units. The research methodology is based on analysis and synthesis, generalization of practical experience, graphic representation of the information received. The urgency of the study is determined by the need to ensure environmental safety, soil conservation, increase the fertility of agricultural land in the modern world. The scientific novelty is that the use of dual wheel systems with the ability to adjust the contact area with the soil for operation in different operating modes will make it possible to abandon the use of expensive caterpillar thrusters.

Keywords: exploitation, efficiency, decline, mode, thruster, compaction, tires, doubling, pressure, the soil

References:
Patent Ukra¿ni na korisnu model' UA 88865 U (12) UA 88865 U UA 88865 U 5 10 15 20 25 30 . Spos³b regulyuvannya tisku pov³trya v shinakh koles transportnogo zasobu z³ zdvoºnimi bazovimi kolesami / V.F. Pashchenko, Yu.M. Siromyatnikov, .... – ¹ u 2013 09111; zayavl. 19.07.2013; opubl. 10.04.2014. – Byul. ¹ 7/2014
Vliyanie vnutrennego davleniya koles traktora na urozhay pshenitsy || Tr. Volgogradskogo instituta, 1963, vyp. 48, s. 385-389.
Medvedev V. V., Tsybul'ko V. G., Slobodyuk P. I. Normirovanie dopus¬ timykh nagruzok khodovykh sistem MTA na pochvu // Tr. «Vozdeystvie dvizhiteley na pochvu». M.: VIM. 1988. T. 118. S. 57—67.
Triz-profi: Effektivnye resheniya v sel'skom khozyaystve. M. Kushnir, 2006 ¹2 s.80
Esheev S. B., Kalashnikov S.F. Vliyanie khodovykh sistem traktorov n a plodorodie kashtanovykh pochv Buryatii // Tr. «Vozdeystvie dvizhiteley na pochvu». M.: VIM, 1988. T. 118. S. 126—131.
Revut I.B. Fizika pochv.-L.: Kolos, 1972, - 368 s.
Puponin A. I., Matyuk N. S. Depressii pochvy pri uplotnenii i metody ee ustraneniya//3emledeli

Abstract: The research object is the process of functioning of the excavating parts of a cultivating separating ripper, which transforms the structure and the density of a soil layer in accordance with the requirements of agronomical science for the cultivated crop. This result is achieved using the coordinated interaction of passive and active excavating parts. The machine also combs out the weed. The author considers the plowshare with steering disks, which spends less energy when moving through soil and directs soil to the separator. Theoretical researches are based on mechanical and mathematical modeling of interaction of the moving parts with soil. Experimental researches are based on the sectoral methods using strain-gage instruments and the methods of multifactor experiments planning. In the result, the process of soil cultivation using disk cultivating parts has been improved, the theory of justification of the parameters of active-passive cultivating parts for the separation and pulverization of soil and been developed; the mathematic model of interaction of cultivating parts with soil with account of energy intensity rates of technological processes has been composed. The use of methods of direct variational calculation for the justification of shapes of cultivating parts of a cultivating separating ripper helps reduce energy consumption by 10-30%. 

Keywords: movement through soil, shape of a plowshare, cultivating parts, separation, cultivating separating ripper, real tillage, secondary tillage, tillage with separation, steering disks, building-up

References:
Medvedev V.V., Slobodyuk P.I., Pashchenko V.F., Baglay K.I., Khlivnyak G.G. Rabochiy organ dlya predposevnoy obrabotki pochvy v podsemennom sloe // Mekhanizatsiya i elektrifikatsiya s.kh. – 1986. – ¹ 5. – S. 20-22.
Matsepuro E.M., Manyuta I.V. Voprosy zemledel'cheskoy mekhani¬ki. – T.2. – Minsk: Gosizdat BSSR, 1959.
Sineokov G.N., Panov I.M. Teoriya i raschet pochvoobrabatyvayushchikh mashin. – M.: Mashinostroenie, 1977.
Vasilenko P.M., Medvedev V.V., Pashchenko V.F. i dr. Orudie dlya obrabotki pochvy i poseva // A.s. ¹ 1168116. – Opubl. 23.07.85. – Byulleten' ¹ 27.
Onishko M.I. Razrabotka i obosnovanie parametrov rabochikh organov kombinirovannoy mashiny dlya obrabotki pochvy i poseva: Dis ... kand. tekhn. nauk. – Khar'kov, 1988. – 134 s.
Pashchenko V.F. Modelirovanie vzaimodeystviya s pochvoy rabochego organa s gibkim elementom // Sb. nauchn. trudov KhGAU “Tekhnologiya proizvodstva i konstruirovanie sel'skokhozyaystvennykh mashin”. – Khar'kov, 1997. – S. 12-22
Pashchenko V.F. Onishko M.I. Snizhenie energoemkosti kombi­nirovannoy mashiny dlya obrabotki

Abstract: The subject of this research is the economic relations in the agroindustrial sector, the restriction in the development of which introduces the factor of food security formulated at the state level. The object of this study is the agribusiness. The authors thoroughly examine such aspects of the topic as the history and present status of the theory and practice with regards to the problematics of food security. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the new document "Strategy of improving quality of food products until 2030", signed in July 2016 by the Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. The main conclusions of this work are the following: first and foremost, the strategic goals of the Russian agriculture should be based upon the provision of food security, reduction in the product cost, increase of the volume of the ecofriendly products, as well as the regional development and improving of the living standards in them. The scientific novelty of the research along with the author’s special contribution consists in the cumulative study of the question from the provision of retrospective and current conjuncture with regards to the problem of food security.

Keywords: Russian Federation, government, quality of products, strategy, present, history, agriculture, food security, Rosselkhoznadzor, Rospotrebnadzor

References:
Soveshchanie s vitse-prem'erami: V povestke: o Ctrategii povysheniya kachestva pishchevoy produktsii do 2030 goda, o poryadke otbora podryadnykh organizatsiy dlya vypolneniya rabot po kapital'nomu remontu mnogokvartirnykh domov// URL: http://government.ru/news/23597/(data obrashcheniya: 30.08.2016)
Rimskaya deklaratsiya o vsemirnoy prodovol'stvennoy bezopasnosti i Plan deystviy Vsemirnoy vstrechi na vysshem urovne po problemam prodovol'stviya // URL: http://www.observer.materik.ru/observer/N3-4_97/018.htm (data obrashcheniya: 30.08.2016)
Bogdanov S.M. Prodovol'stvennaya bezopasnost'. Istoricheskie aspekty/ M.: «Ves' mir», 2012. 336 s. S. 313.
Edelev D.A., Matison V.A., Mayorova N.V., Prokopova M.A. Osobennosti trebovaniy Vsemirnoy torgovoy organizatsii v otnoshenii prodovol'stvennykh tovarov// Pishchevaya promyshlennost'. 2013. ¹ 11. S. 22-25.
Edelev D.A., Matison V.A., Mayorova N.V., Prokopova M.A., Budagova E.A. Otsenka stepeni riska-bazovaya metodika mnogostoronnego soglasheniya po sanitarnym i fitosanitarnym meram VTO// Pishchevaya promyshlenn