Abstract: The world view is made up of thousands of images. Some images can be very simple, like reflection of clouds floating above, others represent abstract world structures. Individual needs a certain orientation system which would allow to identify himself with a certain acknowledged image. Freud was the first to view such mechanisms. Based on Freud’s conception, Erik Erikson wrote about psychosocial, cultural and race identity. Later a French philosopher Paul Ricceur thought about the multiple meaning of the term ‘identity’ and distinguished between individual and social identities. The main idea is that one’s internal image does not always coincide with the way he is perceived by the others. These are very important issues for us because we need to make the final decision but the history of Russia. Should we view Russia as a successor of the USSR or identify ourselves with a new cultural alliance? Are we the part of Europe or more of Asians (‘we, the Scythians, we, the Asians’)? It is also quite obvious that our image of Russia is different from how other peoples and countries perceive it. Many modern intellectuals try to oppose the common unification of national culture. To their opinion, social mythology represents special features of this or that country. For instance, the French New Right believe arianism to be a very special feature of European culture. According to the New Right, European nations belong to the Indo-European tradition which has been known since the Neolithic age over 5 thousand years ago. The New Right leader Alain de Benoist does not call for restoration of archaic culture. He just points out that progress is not anything fatal or necessary. In his opinion, tradition is not transformed but remains and forms the ‘national soul’. And the national soul defines the type and structure of national culture.

Keywords: philosophy, education, arianism, culture, civilization, identity, paganism, hero, de-culturation, ground.

Abstract: Understanding of one’s existence and the purpose of being are not identical concepts. The meaning of life can be also referred to one of the main issues in philosophy. The greatest part of philosophical schools and teachings address this question. Philosophy pays much attention to this issue and there are very different views on this issue. Some philosophers think that the meaning of life is the life itself. The others believe that one needs to live his life in order t understand the meaning of life. There are also those who assume that the meaning of life is the process of searching for this meaning.

Keywords: psychology, existential, meaning of life, value, spirituality, existentialism, logotherapy, philosophy, being, existence.

Abstract: The article presents the results of studying the perception and assessment of such relations as friendship and love by modern students. The study is based on the contrast: the author uses a number of methods allowing to discover conscious views on these terms/relations as well as methods allowing to discover unconscious, hidden models of perceiving the above mentioned relations. The results were analyzed based on different methods of mathematical statistics including factor analysis. The latter allowed to discover quite unexpected tendencies in young people’s views on friendship and love. Received data show the difference, or we’d better say, the opposition between conscious and unconscious semantic representations of friendship and love by young people. In conscious assessment, friendship is thought to be the most reliable, predictable and preferred type of relationship and hidden models reveal friendship as being a more risky and unpredictable type of relations and love as being a more reliable, desired, predictable and expected type of relationship. Summarized results were compared to the data received in previous researchers which allowed to define a number of peculiarities of formation of perception of basic personal relations by young people. The results of this research also allowed to outline topical and prospective trends in influencing and educating growing generations.

Keywords: basic relations, education, understanding, unconscious, conscious, views, basic, factors, contradictions, semantics, models.

Abstract: The article analyzes the phenomenon of understanding visual information hidden in images of the highest order. The author bases on a previously developed model of images-integrals of different orders. Based on that model, visual (image) information is summarized disregarding the verbal information and produces more complicated formations. According to this model, images of the first order are photographic images, images of the second order are classical secondary images, images of the third order are summarized images, images f the forth order are space-like formations and, finally, images of the fifth order are non-verbal representations of moral, philosophical and mathematical concepts. The author makes a presumption that the images of the highest order are polymodal and are made up of both image and audio information. In other words, they have their own sound and this sound can be represented by rambling, parts of word and even word combinations. According to classical concepts, understanding starts when a word is linked to an image. Moreover, a true understanding occurs when imprinted firstsignaling sounds composing images of the highest order are at least partially coincide with the sound of the words defining this category.

Keywords: images, psychic images, secondary images, words, internal speech, understanding, perception, consciousness, dreams, lucid dreams.

Abstract: The article represents the translation of the 6th chapter of J. A. Steinbock’s work devoted to the distinctive structure of emotions. The chapter is translated by Konyaeva S. N. and Sultanova M. A.

Keywords: psychology, emotions, structure, founded acts, phenomenology, trust, Husserl.

Abstract: No matter how farsighted we try to be, in most cases our activities determine not only our progress and success but also new physical and mental problems. Psychotherapy intervention cannot be properly assessed if such assessment is not based on a clear anthropological model. Based on Erich Fromm’s conception about human nature being incomplete as it is, the author of the article compares the two schools of psychotherapy, classical psychoanalysis and psychosynthesis. Psychoanalytical principles and methods are compared to Erich Fromm’s anthropological representations. Based on the author, Erich Fromm’s approach are safer for anthropological uncertainty of a human compared to psychoanalysis. This advantage is caused by the fact that psychoanalytical approach views only pathology. According to the author of the article, further researches in this sphere would define the development of psychotherapeutic trends and bring up a number of philosophical issues related to human.

Keywords: psychology, psychotherapy, psychosynthesis, psychoanalysis, anthropogenesis, evolution, techniques, methods, principles, classification system.

Abstract: The article describes clinical features of the process of depressive affect experienced by patients who abuse psychoactive and narcotic substances. The author of the article defines the extent to which a patient’s personal history influences the development and manifestation of the depressive syndrome. The research also assessed the social status of patients suffering from depressive disorders and drug dependence and discovered peculiarities of psychosomatic and psychological status of such patients.

Keywords: psychiatry, depressive affect, drug dependence, abuse, narcotic substances, mental status, psychosomatic status, social factor, family background, psychoactive substances.

Abstract: Based on the author’s client-centered conception of happiness (CCCH) and a number of well-known psychological theories, the author of the article represents the theoretical proof of a draft new method of the psychology-andclient intervention called the Personal Uniqueness Therapy (PUT). Based on the author, when a client understands and accepts the ‘ideal’ part of himself, he is relieved from damaging influence of external stress and life failures. The author also points out how one can create productive interactions between PUT and religious and spiritual practices.

Keywords: psychology, personal uniqueness, self-realization, happiness, eudaimonia, psychotherapy, client-centered concept of happiness, CCH, PUT, psychology of happiness.

Abstract: At the present time much attention is being paid at quantitative indicators that would reflect the performance efficiency of scientific work. This is caused by the need to wisely use the budget in order to fund scientific activities. To what extent the Citation Index can allow to assess the significance of scientific work and contribute to the knowledge progress? The article represents the evidence that the Citation Index cannot be properly used as the performance and efficiency indicator of scientific activities.

Keywords: philosophy, science, information, knowledge, citation index, key performance indicators, balanced system of indicators, scientometrics, Hirsch index, impact factor.

Abstract: Shift work in the Far North is quite an extreme activity. The results of the adaptation process of shift workers are developed adaptive strategies influenced by such determinants a negative influence and environmental and personal recourses. Ranking of certain elements of the personal resource such as subjective control, motivation and psychophysiological abilities of workers in different spheres (forestry, diamond and oil industries) shows that this resource is triggered mostly as a response to negative influence of the environment. Different environmental conditions (production organization) also has a significant impact on developing an adaptive strategy of a worker.

Keywords: psychology, shift, resource, strategy, adaptation, labor, core, activity, Wednesday, North.