Abstract: Freud’s most anthropological achivement was his theory of personalities. Freud did not only show that a person does not quite understand his internal drivers and uses rationalization to defend himself from realizing them. Freud also explained that these unrealized drivers are integrated into an entire system called ‘character’. Freud’s theory of personalities help to explain the System Theory which has been used in natural sciences since the beginning of XX century (especially in biology and neurophysiology) as well as in some social sciences.

Keywords: psychology, personality, behavior, libido, violence, control, Ego, instincts, age, anality.

Abstract: A famous Russian jurist and political philosopher Borish Chicherin (1828 – 1904) introduced his own method which could be named as ‘scientific metaphysics’. Chicherin had always tried to go beyound the borders of positivism and empirism as well as the Russian religious-mystical tradition. Chicherin believed that any ideal beginnings could and should be explained based on the experience and the philosophial ‘insight’ into the world realities. Special attention was paid at logic and science. The author of the given article described the structure of Chicherin’s methodology and figuratively characterised it as the ‘metaphysical universalism’.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, metaphysics, human, inner world, absolute, Kant, Hegel, consciousness, reality.

Abstract: The article contains the analysis of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical ideas influencing the formation of the last century experts’ interest towards children and development of child’s psyche which formed the basis for the modern child psychoanalysis. The historical and psychological research is based on Sigmund Freud’s works in psychoanalysis.

Keywords: psychology, history of psychology, Sigmund Freud, history of child psychoanalysis, child’s psyche structure, psychoanalysis of a child’s play, child defence mechanism, unconsciousness, child development, psychoanalysis of child’s creative works.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of human states in difficult life situations such as intra-personal conflicts and personality crisis. The author of the article has developed and verified the scheme for grading the states of intrapersonal conflicts in different groups of respondents. The author also offers a set of methods for the determination of the balance and unbalance of indicators in gender intra-personal conflicts which show their dynamics towards personality crises. The results of the study can be used for organization of a task-oriented counseling process taking into account differentiated parameters of the respondents’ states.

Keywords: psychology, crisis, conflict, personality, coping, locality, totality, tests, self-evaluation, gender.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the relevancy and sources of spatial-subjectivity interactions between people in their social and physical environment. The author of the article makes an assumption about the role of space and spatial interaction as a context, factor and a result of personality socialization. The author also offers unusual research approaches to the problem, provides the primary research results amd shows the practical importance of the aforesaid topic.

Keywords: psychology, spatial, interaction, space, relations, orientation, social, physical, research, observation.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the game models of multi-linguism as well as the role of games and play in pedagogy and teaching foreign languages. The author of the article summarizes the experience of the great interpeters who spoke two and more languages. The author also views the theory of cyrotope and chronochore and their meaning in reproduction of game contents. The author also touches upon important issuse of linguistics, rhetorics, cultural research and literary studies as well as a playing mechanism of a reader as well as important aspects of the world semiotics.

Keywords: pedagogy, language, culture, bilinguality, evocation, multi-linguism, praxiology, interpretation, games.

Abstract: The author of the article studies the duration of internal time during altered states of consciousness. The following temporary indicators were registered during the research: subjective duration of a time period, pulse and a task time. The ayuthor studied such states of consciousness as the active waking, auto-training state and some states of active imagination called by the author as the ‘cold image’, ‘hot image’, ‘quick image’ and ‘slow image’. It was shown that in some states the task time was much shorter compared to auto-training and active wakening. The author also described a few mechanisms of the described phenomenon such as speeding up of the internal time, occurrence of additional time and transfer to the ‘out of time’ state of mind.

Keywords: psychology, internal time, psychological time, biological time, cogitation, subjective time, imagination, active imagination, auto-training, altered state of consciousness.

Abstract: Sexual orientation is an important elementof both male and female gender identity. Peculiarities of female development related to the necessity to change the love object defines most of the conflicts on the way to a stable choice of a sexual partner. Psychoanalytical thesis about a mother as a primary source of identification and love creates certain homosexual components in female identity. If these elements are not easily integrated into a sexual self-perception, a woman may have difficulties adapting in different social spheres. Contradictory social stereotypes allow homosexual relations between women, on one hand, but on the other hand they lay convention on traditional families with children and make it difficult for a woman to understand and to accept her homosexual part so a woman often show her homosexual impoulses mostly in extreme life situations. The given article is devoted to some psychoanalytical conceptions about female homosexual behavior and offers a classificaton of female homosexuality from the point of view of different destruction factors and mechanisms during pre-oedipal and oedipal stages of female psychosexual development, their role in homosexual relations and their connection with the level and specific features of personal psychopathology.

Keywords: psychology, development, gender, woman (female), identity, behavior, homosexuality, regardation, regress, distortion.

Abstract: The purpose of the article is to study the structure of envy determinants. The research is b ased on the main provisions of the system approach, in particular, the conception of the system determination of psychic phenomena. Component structure of the envy determinants is composed out of determinants of different type. The main prerequisite for envy is the subjective unequality of people. Universal factors which create the envious attitude are described as a person’s frustrated needs, subjective ‘superiority’ of the Other and similar social status of the Other. Causes of envy are divided into internal and external causes. External causes include macro-environment (cultural, economic, social and political circumstances) as well as micro-environment (socialization in small groups). Internal causes include the level of ontological development of a person, low level of a person’s subjectivity and certain values, beliefs and stereotypes of a person and peculiarities of his perception, intlellect, emotions, motivations, level of reflexion and morals. Defined types of determinants are integrated into a complex structure and have certain dynamical relations with one another.

Keywords: psychology, envy, attitude, personality, determinant, prerequisites, conditions, factors, components, structure.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the types of personality based on their level of reflexion. Based on the author, only people who are able to do philosophical reflexion can actually search for the truth and work on their self-improvement. The author gives examples of historical personalities, literary characters and modern people who are deprived of psychological, social and spiritual health.

Keywords: psychology, open personality, self-improvement, feeling of self-dignity, inferiority complex, marginal, deformed personality, narcissism, tyranny.

Abstract: When the author studied gender psychology, she was especially keen on sex-role identification of a modern woman. What a woman strives for? What influences her sex-role identification? What have been the causes of changes in her internal world and appearance during the last decades? In order to answer these questions, the author arranged a survey on one of the most famous women’s forums. The results of the survey rerpresented the spirits of the age. The article casts light on the main factors influencing the sex-role identification of a modern woman. These factors include the society development, influence of social instituations forming workers’ teams, labor peculiarites and family values learnt by a woman in her family and during her life. Therefore, sex-role identification of a modern woman is a very topical issue because both our society and life conditions are drastically changing. By defining the main factors forming the sex-role identification of a modern woman, the society can actually keep the family institution and remain loyal towards morals and manners of changing women.

Keywords: psychology, sex, identity, society, family, formation, influence, woman, culture, adaptation.

Abstract: The subject of the article is the authors’ views on peculiarities of improving the system of practical psychologists’ training. The purpose of the article is to share the authors’ concern about poor quality of psychologists’ training with the psychological community. This issue grows even more topical now since V. V. Putin talked about modernization of higher education during his election campaign. Based on competent sources, the author analyzes certain aspects of the high quality training of practical psychologists. The authors also share their experience and results of their research in improving the quality of teaching and training psychology. The article can be of interest for all those who work in the sphere of psychological education and training, who care for the system of education in our country in general and teaching and training of practical psychologists in particular.

Keywords: psychology, modernization, education, psychology, personality, identity, image, conceptual, goal-setting.

Abstract: The study of Freud’s role as a leader of Vienesse Group has allowed to define constant tension between Freud with his intention to use the group for the development of his ideas and the group members with their desire to realize their professional ambitions and remain loyal to Feud at the same time. Freud and his followers undeliberately came to an agreement that all innternal enemies must be eliminated, i.e. Freud’s followers who questioned his theory of child sexuality and could support ‘external’ enemies of psychoanalysis. As a result, Vienesse Society continued to play a dependent role and Freud had to undertake the role of a president of the Society in order to define the ‘internal’ enemies of psychoanalysis. It was a trap made by Vienesse Society for Freud. In return Freud received loyalty of all members of the group. At the same time, the Society had to refuse from some really brilliant ideas trying to keep their relationship with Freud and not to create a new enemy inside the society.

Keywords: psychology, psychoanalysis, leader, group, basic allowances, struggle, dependence, validity, enemies, institutions.