Abstract: The subject of the study is the influence of information and communication technologies (ICT) on the formation and development of the political ecosystem of society. The article analyzes and compares two key approaches – network and ecosystem, revealing different aspects of the digital transformation of political processes. Particular attention is paid to the need to integrate these approaches for a deeper and more comprehensive analysis of the political ecosystem in the context of digitalization. The author proposes a theoretical model combining network and ecosystem concepts, which allows taking into account both the dynamics of horizontal interactions and the stability of the system. The research covers issues of civic identity, decentralization of power, and self-organization, demonstrating how digital platforms and patriotic content contribute to strengthening social cohesion and transforming the political environment. The work offers the author's definition of the political ecosystem of society, reflecting the complexity and multidimensionality of social processes in the era of digitalization. The research methodology is based on a comparative analysis of network and ecosystem approaches in order to integrate them to create a comprehensive model of the political ecosystem. The analysis of theoretical concepts presented in the works of leading researchers is used, as well as conceptual modeling aimed at forming the author's model of the political ecosystem of society. The novelty of the research lies in the development and substantiation of an integrated model of the political ecosystem, which combines the principles of network and ecosystem approaches. The main conclusions of the study are the provisions that information and communication technologies (ICT) play a key role in the formation of horizontal political structures, ensuring the decentralization of power and self-organization of civil society. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the formulation of the author's definition of a political ecosystem as a dynamic system where information flows and inter-network interactions occupy a central place. An important result of the research is the identification of factors that ensure the stability and adaptability of the political system in the context of digitalization. The practical significance of the work is shown in the possibility of using the developed model to analyze modern political processes, predict their development and form strategies for digital interaction between government institutions and society.

Keywords: integrated approach, sustainability, decentralization, horizontal interactions, civic identity, digital transformation, network approach, ecosystem approach, information and communication technologies, political ecosystem

Abstract: The article provides a comparative analysis of the election program of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia in the elections to the State Duma of the VIII convocation in 2021 and the election program of the candidate for President of the Russian Federation L.E.Slutsky in the elections of 2024. The methodological basis of the study is comparative analysis and quantitative content analysis. The analysis was carried out according to the following provisions of the program: public administration reform; actions to modernize the economy; steps to improve social policy; policy in the field of regulatory legal acts; a set of measures in the field of international relations. In addition, the article provides a content analysis of the terms most used in both programs. Russian Russian Federation's content analysis has shown that both the election program of LeonidE.Slutsky and the LDPR program have devoted significant attention to such issues as upholding the interests of the Russian people and other peoples of Russia; protecting the interests of the Russian world; the peaceful return of the territories of the former USSR to Russia; the centralization of the country, the enlargement of regions, and the transition from a federal model. transition of the state structure to a unitary one. Based on recent election campaigns, it is concluded that the party's popularity has been declining for several years, which calls into question the political prospects of the Liberal Democratic Party. Russian Russian Federation's content analysis has shown that both the election program of LeonidE.Slutsky and the LDPR program have devoted significant attention to such issues as upholding the interests of the Russian people and other peoples of Russia; protecting the interests of the Russian world; the peaceful return of the territories of the former USSR to Russia; the centralization of the country, the enlargement of regions, and the transition from a federal model. transition of the state structure to a unitary one. Based on recent election campaigns, it is concluded that the party's popularity has been declining for several years, which calls into question the political prospects of the Liberal Democratic Party.

Keywords: state, election program, V.V.Zhirinovsky, LDPR, the electorate, The candidate, political parties, elections, Russia, election campaign

Abstract: The subject of the study is the biopolitical toolkit used by modern Russian elites in the context of building the macropolitical identity of Russians. This process is characterized by a complex nature. The identity policy implemented in the post-Soviet period takes into account the need to strengthen intercultural and interethnic unity in society. In this regard, the construction of a special macropolitical identity takes place not only in the space of memory politics and in the broad sense of symbolic politics, but also in the space of biopolitics. Biopolitics has made it possible to unify the principles of management based on the physiological and social manifestations inherent in humans. Of particular research interest is the problem of using biopolitical methods in the context of building a macropolitical identity, a special form of self–identification that overcomes religious, cultural and ethnic differences in society. In Russia, this process is particularly relevant, since in a multicultural and multiethnic state, the process of building socially shared forms of identity sets the foundation of society. We propose to consider examples of the use of biopolitics in the framework of building this identity. The research methodology includes an analysis of the dynamics of Russian legislation and biopolitical tools, which is revealed by the example of individual cases and political technologies used by political elites in the course of building the macropolitical identity of Russians. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the consideration of the principles and tools of biopolitics through the prism of the macropolitical identity of Russians. It is based on identification with the broader community, which presupposes solidarity across borders related to political and ideological preferences. We examine in detail how modern biopolitics, performed by Russian elites, allows us to overcome these preferences and use the biological essence of a person in solving problems related to the political solidarity of society. Separately, an analysis of legislative norms and practical cases was carried out, which demonstrated the variety of biopolitical tools used in modern Russia. As a result of the research, we come to the conclusion that biopolitics can be effectively used as a measure to counter nationalist tendencies in society. The conclusion is also formulated about the need to introduce bioethics, i.e. the moral dimension of those political and technological processes that are implemented in the political space of modern Russia.

Keywords: macropolitical identity, society, social ties, conformism, group identity, political behavior, population, biopolitics, political elites, domestic politics

Abstract: This paper is devoted to the study of the role of the dominant party in the transformation of the political space. The purpose of the article is to consider the trends in understanding the essence of the dominant party, the most important tools it uses to transform the political sphere, and to identify the features of the political process in the post-Soviet space. The author considers a dominant party to be one that has held leading positions in the party system for a significant period of time while maintaining signs of political competition. The emergence of dominant parties is associated with the desire of the political elite to strengthen its position in the legislative branch and is most often observed in countries experiencing "catch-up modernization". The article focuses on the analysis of the mechanisms by which the ruling party shapes the political agenda, institutions, and practices that determine the nature of political competition and citizen participation. The study is based on theoretical approaches to the analysis of party systems and empirical data on the functioning of the dominant party in a specific political context. The essence of the dominant party and the mechanisms of its impact on the political sphere are studied. The author defines the criteria characteristic of dominant parties in the post-Soviet countries, identifies their main features and substantiates the advantages of a party system with a single-party majority. Using the examples of Mexico, Japan and India, the author analyzes the features of party dominance in various political regimes. Despite the differences in context, the author identifies common characteristics inherent in dominant parties. Particular attention is paid to the fundamental difference between the concepts of "party in power" and "dominant party".

Keywords: elections, dominant, political process, ideology, party system, tradition, power, policy, party, values