Abstract: The article proposes to consider the humanitarian diplomacy of Mexico during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which the author sees as one of the tools of the state's foreign policy. Within the framework of the article, humanitarian diplomacy is studied for effectiveness in resolving socio-economic and political challenges that have arisen or worsened against the background of the pandemic, such as racism, poverty, lack of equipment, vaccines and personal protective equipment, the vulnerable situation of women, the deteriorating situation of the indigenous population, and the decline in the authority of the government. To assess the effectiveness, the author proposed a formula that allows calculating as a percentage how much humanitarian diplomacy has helped to cope with challenges. The scientific novelty of the study is an attempt to assess the effectiveness of humanitarian diplomacy in the context of resolving specific internal socio-economic challenges posed to the state. As a result of the study, it was revealed that humanitarian diplomacy is an effective auxiliary tool that can contribute to solving the problems that have arisen against the background of a humanitarian crisis. Nevertheless, the author notes that a number of deep problems require a comprehensive approach of the government and the use of various tools in addition to humanitarian activities. It is noted that the assessment of effectiveness in solving social challenges is complicated by the inability to obtain results immediately after the end of the project. Thus, the author denies the universality of humanitarian diplomacy as a tool for solving socio-economic challenges.

Keywords: Mexico's foreign policy, humanitarian aid, international cooperation, vaccine diplomacy, humanitarian crisis, coronavirus pandemic, sars-cov-2, development, Mexico, humanitarian diplomacy

Abstract: The subject of the study is the image of BRICS in the Argentine and Mexican media. In the modern world, the role of multilateral institutions, including the BRICS group, is increasing. In 2022, Argentina applied to join the BRICS. In the context of the restructuring of the entire architecture of the system of international relations, the development of cooperation with the "Global South", as the leader of which the BRICS is positioned, seems extremely relevant for many countries of the world. In turn, such cooperation is impossible without the formation and strengthening of a positive image of BRICS in developing countries, among which Latin American states play an important role. The research is based on a constructivist methodology, according to which the image of the state or other political actor is a social construct created discursively. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the image of the BRICS in the Argentine and Mexican media. The chronological framework of the study includes the period from 2014 to 2022. Research method: content analysis. The author comes to the following conclusions. Firstly, the image of BRICS in the Argentine and Mexican media is mostly positive. In addition to informational messages, they publish analytical materials in which BRICS is considered as one of the influential actors in global politics. Secondly, the range of opinions and assessments of BRICS in the sources is heterogeneous, which speaks, first of all, about the pluralism of Latin American media. The sources considered pay great attention to Brazil as the only Latin American country that is part of the BRICS, and Argentina as the only Spanish-speaking country that is preparing to become a member of the BRICS.

Keywords: Mexico, Argentina, Latin American media, mass media, international organizations, multilateral institutions, BRICS, Latin America, image, the image of BRICS

Abstract: The subject of this paper is the programs of political parties in Western Europe. The object of the study is nationalist ideas and their extreme and radical manifestations within European politics. The authors note the interest of the European political elite in nationalist ideas. This process is related to the possibility of using these ideas to solve acute socio-political conflicts within countries. Economic instability, migration crises, and acute political turbulence impose significant restrictions on the activities of political elites in developed countries. Historical unresolved problems of national identity on the one hand, and the desire to form a true multipolar world on the other, form a different attitude towards the ideas of nation and nationalism. This is reflected in a number of political and open military conflicts in the large space of cultural and socio-political contact between Europe and Russia. The authors draw attention to the fact that nationalist ideas are in some cases addressed by politicians in both Europe and Russia. The danger of the contemporary reevaluation of the ideas of nationalism is that it encourages atypical thinking, while belief in authority ceases to play a cognitive and functional role. The authors offer not only an analysis of the programs of political parties in many European countries, but also calculate their specific weight in the context of national parliaments. This makes it possible to determine the conditional acceptance of these ideas as a basis for the political course of the state.

Keywords: russophobia, islamophobia, euroskepticism, multiculturalism, natizm, political ideology, political parties, nationalism, national identity, soft nationalism

Abstract: The author analyzes the solution of the social issue in the programs of Russian political parties. It is noted that not all Russian parties have a social program, despite the fact that political parties have the opportunity to formulate the main directions of social policy and implement them. The program documents of such parties as United Russia, Just Russia, and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation are the most informative. Pension provision is the most demanded by political parties, therefore, each program contains proposals for its solution. It should be noted that not all political parties offer real plans for improving pensions, many party documents contain criticism and rhetorical exclamations. The issue of social insurance is considered by the parties to a lesser extent. We can note the specific proposals of the parties "United Russia" and the Liberal Democratic Party. The article concludes about the important role of social policy programs for the political future of parties. The real result of the elections to the State Duma in 2021 testifies to the importance of social policy in the program documents of a political party. The elections were won by parties that had social programs: United Russia, which won by a wide margin, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, which received 18.93% of the vote, and A Just Russia, with a score of 7.46%. Thus, the solution of social issues is the key to the longevity and political relevance of the party.

Keywords: Russia, Social issue, Party, Politics, social projects, social support, pension provision, social insurance, social policy, Program

Abstract: The article briefly examines the history of the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh and the prerequisites for the riots that took place in Moscow in July 2020. The paper presents the results of an anonymous sociological survey conducted immediately after the events in question in two regions of the Russian Federation (Moscow and the Voronezh Region). These regions were chosen based on the fact that one of them is directly the place of events (the city of Moscow), and the second is part of the Central Federal District (CFD) (Voronezh Region). The data obtained in the two regions do not differ dramatically. The purpose of the article is to identify the attitude of the Russian population to the riots that occurred on a national basis in Moscow, as well as how the population of various regions of Russia paid attention to the true cause of the riots. The survey showed that the majority of interviewees knew about the riots, but from 18% to 37% of respondents could not name the true cause of the riots. The development of further mass riots on the territory of Russia as a result of the aggravation of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict was avoided thanks to the prompt intervention of the power structures of the Russian Federation and the holding of meetings of representatives of power structures with official representatives of Azerbaijan and Armenia, as well as with the leadership of the Azerbaijani and Armenian diasporas in Russia.

Keywords: military actions, war, escalation of the conflict, the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, public opinion, international relations, conflict, sociological survey, Nagorno-Karabakh, local conflict