Abstract: The subject of this research is family as an element of economic relations. The object is the economic foundation of a modern family in the Republic of Khakassia. The author examines the economic foundation of a modern family on the national and regional levels (based on the materials of the Republic of Khakassia). Special attention is paid to micro-enterprises, which are the backbone of economic structure of a family. Emphasis is made on promising avenues of development of family enterprises. Empirical framework of this research is comprised of the statistical data of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2002, 2010), Regional Federal State Statistics Service (2016, 2020), and other sources. The following conclusions were made: 1) Over the recent twenty-year period, national economy has undergone transformation in the structure of small and medium sized enterprises: the portion of small and medium businesses was reduced, while the portion of micro-enterprises was increased; the lowest structure of self-employed is established. This would allow solving the economic problems of a full, extended family, and society. 2) Regional specificity of the research manifests in the context of economic vector of a family – the upcoming five years mark preservation of the portion of medium and decrease of small and micro-enterprises. In the nearest future, the promising vectors in development of family enterprises in the Republic of Khakassia would become manufacturing and processing of products, as well as rendering information and tourism services. The author’s special contribution consists in covering the problems of development of the family types of economic structure of the society. The scientific novelty lies in examination of the regional component.

Keywords: the Russian Federation, self-employed, family enterprises, micro enterprises, enterprises, economic basis of the family, South siberia, The Republic of Khakassia, khakass family, households

Abstract: The questions of interethnic integration hold the key role in modern research. It particularly pertains to border regions, which are the center of continuous migration flow. Constant change of ethnic and cultural structure of the society requires taking measures on for minimization of negative manifestation of interethnic relations, as well as measures on the development of integration processes in the society. The subject of this research is the specificities of interethnic integration in Russia’s border region in the period of intense migration processes. The goal consists in determination of peculiarities of interethnic relations in Altai Krai, specifics of interethnic integration in border region from the perspective of exclusion/acceptance of foreign migrants by the locals. The results of surveys conducted in 2015 and 2019 by Altai State University in the Altai Krai (n=1753) are presented. Application of frequency and factor analysis allowed identifying positive and negative practices of interethnic integration, factors of exclusion and inclusion of foreign migrants, as well as comparing interethnic relations in the region. The scientific novelty of this work lies in description of the specifics of interethnic integration in border region through the prism of exclusion/acceptance of foreign migrants by the local community.

Keywords: social integration, factors of integration, interethnic relations, Russia, Altai territory, border regions, inter-ethnic integration, integration, integration process, Russian Borderlands

Abstract: This article is dedicated to sociological analysis and sociological conceptualization of the phenomenon of social cohesion, analysis of the impact of social cohesion upon economic growth and quality of life of the population. The authors examine the evaluation criteria of social cohesion, which served as the foundation for analysis of results of different sociological surveys conducted in the Russian Federation over the recent years, for the determining the relevant degree of social cohesion in the Russian society. The article also raises the question of social cohesion as an important vector of social policy. In conclusion, the authors come to an opinion that social cohesion of population should be used along with the economic mechanisms for improving quality of life. The need for social cohesion of population becomes more relevant in the current context due to several reasons. Firstly, enhancement of the role of social capital in socioeconomic development of the country, which becomes the major resource of modernization processes in the conditions of globalization. Secondly, systemic outlook upon the problem demonstrates that social cohesion is an essential factor for retaining sustainability of socioeconomic development of territorial systems. It is evident, that the humanity is going to face a range of global challenges, such as climate change, depletion of natural resources, etc. In this case, only the countries with strong and developed social capital, high level of social cohesion would be more sustainable and capable to withstand global threats.

Keywords: fragmentation of society, social inequality, values, criteria for social cohesion, economic growth, quality of life, social cohesion, social policy, economic policy, development strategy

Abstract: This article analyzes the data of international sociological project – “European Social Research”. Availability of education is viewed as a determinant for public assessment of the state of national system of education. One of the potential indicators of availability of education is a subjective assessment of the presence of equal chances for receiving the desired level of education among residents of the country. Special attention is paid to comparison of assessments given by the Russian and residents of other European countries. The author underlines the importance of carrying out surveys on this topic, as a feedback channel, which allows determining public assessment of the effectiveness of reforms conducted in educational sphere. It is noted that European countries greatly differ depending on the public assessment of the national system of education. The Russians rate the state of national system of education lower than other countries participating in the project. It is concluded that the Russian system of education does not fully meet the demands and requests of the population. The author determines that comparing to the majority of European countries, availability of education in the Russian Federation receives relatively low ratings of the Russians. Since in in participating countries, availability of education is a determinant of public assessment of the state of national system of education, it is claimed that the higher is the subjective assessment, the more positive is the assessment of the state of national system of education overall. In Russia, the established correlation on the European scale is relatively strong, which testifies to the fact that availability of education comes to the forefront among the problems of national system of education.

Keywords: the effectiveness of the educational system, educational needs of the population, educational barriers, access to education, level of education, problems of the educational system, assessment of the educational system, education, educational inequality, European countries

Abstract: The object of this research is the cities of Russia, while the subject is the dynamics of regional capitals by population size in post-Soviet period. The goal is to determine the types of dynamics and patterns of their territorial distribution. The typology considers the decline in population size in 1990s – 2010s and its subsequent restoration. In the course of research, the author processed statistical information based on population size of the cities and socioeconomic characteristics of regions of the Russian Federation. The areal approach was applied for determination of large territories with certain types of dynamics of the cities. The author is first to carry out classification of the dynamics of population size in post-Soviet Russia, highlighting the following four parts: extended restoration, incomplete restoration, stable growth, stable decline). The areas with most widespread types are defined. It is concluded that after a decline in 1990s – 2010s, in a relatively large part of regional capitals of Russia (about 42%), the population exceeded the size of 1991 by 2020. The dynamics of population size of regional capitals of national entities looks more favorable than the dynamics of regional capitals of the counties. A large monolith area of incomplete type of restoration covers the majority of Volga Region, Central Non-Black Earth area, part of Central Black Earth area and Northeastern European Russia. The type of extended restoration has two main monolith areas, one of which covers a part of Central Black Earth area and South-West, while another – the majority of Ural and Western Siberia, and a part of Eastern Siberia. Socioeconomic characteristics of the region, which reflect the level of its development and well-being, have correlational ties with dynamics of a regional capital, but do not fully explain the origin of areas of particular type of dynamics.

Keywords: macroregions, areas, sustained decline, sustained growth, incomplete recovery, extended recovery, types of dynamics, Regional capitals, territorial distribution, socio-economic characteristics

Abstract: This article examines the phenomenon of collecting from the perspective of its social significance. Manifesting as a form of liberal activity, collecting historically resembled a captivating human activity based on the desire to release creative potential of an individual through collecting items. The author positions collecting as a social activity, the primary cause of which underlies the psychological type of personality. Analysis of these processes in the context of psychology allows explaining the essential aspects of collecting, when the collector is an actor of social creativity; as well as revealing negative moments that define collecting as one of the deviant forms of human behavior. The article compares various theoretical concepts on the topic of social practice of collecting. The author considers the key factors contributing to increase of the role of individual in the society. The novelty of this work consists in the conclusion on the fundamental traits of psychological type of a collector. These traits in a certain way form the inner potential of a collector, which he releases through collecting, as well as the forms of social activity that allow a collector to find self-fulfillment as a liberal creative personality.

Keywords: actor, phobia, psychotype, deviant behavior, self-realization, personality, collector, collecting, accentuation, society

Abstract: This article examines the role of networks of intellectuals in the aspect of seeking ways to overcome the current crises (primarily political-legal) trends. The object of this research is the networks of modern intellectuals. The authors clarify the concept of the networks of intellectuals, review the structural elements and relationship models between the participants. Leaning on the contemporary scientific material, the article describes most popular relationship strategies between the users of the networks of intellectuals and the government. Practical examples of relationships between the U. S. and European intellectuals along with the key difference in the applied strategies are analyzed. Among the main conclusions, the authors note the peculiarities of interaction inside and between various networks of intellectual; however, confrontation between the opponents appeared to be most constructive. Networks of intellectuals can be formed and function for several centuries and on the territories of multiple countries, launching functional chains presented by the developed ideas and concepts. The applied analysis demonstrate that intellectuals of the United States and Europe (despite commonality of views) adhere to different behavioral strategies in their relationship with the authorities: being in management structures or holding a position of independent experts respectively.

Keywords: Europe, USA, power, crisis trends, society, networks of intellectuals, Intellectual, globalization, social transformations, political and legal sphere

Abstract: The goal of this work is to determine the social status of legal opposition in Russia based on the classical analysis. The object of this research is publications of the Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR). The theory developed by Karl Mannheim serves as methodological framework for this work. It is determines that the representatives of the Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia belong to one of the groups of political elite that filled a relatively unpretentious niche. At the same time, the key (and perhaps the only) resource of the party is political one. Electoral support is the aspect the party can really rely on. Nationalism and anti-Semitism also are of populist nature, since they do not receive any due theoretical substantiation in the analyzed party documents. The party does not represents interest of large capital. Moreover, on the permanent basis LDPR leadership does not represent interests of any social group, besides the one they belong to. Reduction of the socioeconomic issues to the question of moral and business qualities of the ruling elite and possibility for its rotation suggest that the Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia is satisfied with the current political regime and socioeconomic formation. The struggle is only for expansion of the filled niche. The aforementioned factors, along with the absence of sustainable and resourceful social backbone, leads to the thought that the existence of liberal democrats in Russia is directly or indirectly supported by the ruling elite.

Keywords: analysis, Mannheim, Russia, structure, social, ideology, LDPR, opposition, Legal, document

Abstract: The subject of this research is the problem of moral liberation of personality in ideological heritage of Russian Populism. In the social philosophy of Russian populism this problem is an integral part of the theory of holistic liberation of personality (moral, socioeconomic, political). Emphasis is made on the concept of “rational egoism” and principle of oneness of human nature (unity of material and moral) of N. G. Chernyshevsky; significance of subjective method in social sciences in formation of anthropological (“moral”) ideal of P. L. Lavrov; as well as theory of solidary relations as the key concepts of ethicism of social philosophy of Russian Populism. The scientific novelty consists in examination of the problem of moral liberation in the context of theory of holistic liberation of personality, developed by the Russian populists on the basis of socio-philosophical ideas of Enlightenment. The problem of autonomous (sovereign) personality in the social philosophy of Russian populism is viewed in the context of “liberation of personality”, with emphasis on the anthropological ideal of “moral personality”. Advancing the theory of “rational egoism”, N. G. Chernyshevsky came to the conclusion that autonomy of personality is achieved due to social solidarity. P. L. Lavrov, having continued the inner logics of populist thought on the development of solidary relations in the society, basically neglected the autonomy of personality. An attempt to solve the problem of correlation between moral freedom and moral demand, applicable to the ideal personality, led to formation of the fundamentals of solidarism within the philosophy of Russian populism.

Keywords: justice, rational egoism, social philosophy, solidarity, liberation of an individual, sovereign individual, Russian Populism, history of philosophy, anthropological ideal, ethics