Abstract: The authors of the article analyze the main moral and ethical issues of the humankind at the modern state of the development of society. Environmental crisis has made the humankind to think over these problems because today the crisis is a real threat not only for individual societies but the biosphere in general. Based on the assumption that all the problems under consideration have the same general feature, i.e. all of them can be described from the point of view of the dominance-submission relation, the authors of the article suggest to replace the dominance - submission ethics with the care - responsibility ethics in interpersonal relations for the purpose of sustainable development. Creation of a stable society is a necessary condition for sustainable development. Special emphasis is made on the need to expand the definition of sustainable development as well as the scope of application of the term so that it includes the sphere of ethics. In broader terms sustainable development means non-regressive, i.e. the safest type of social evolution aimed at protection of civilization and biosphere, their co-existence and co-evolution.

Keywords: gender inequality, corporate egoism, crown manipulation, militarization, socio-natural contradiction, sustainabe society, sustainable development, excessive consumption, environmental safety, economic inequality

Abstract: The article is devoted to the correspondence of the social and personal development. The authors of the article study how the social institutions ere formed and pay special attention at the system mof values. Practical researches of the relationship between human, religion and church carried out in Russia for the past two decades demonstrate the revival of religion and religious feelings especially Orthodoxy. The authors view certain social functions performed by the Orthodox religion, in particular: religion as the collective opposition force, religion as the ethno-religious mobilization and homogenization processes, religion as the integrative defense function and religion as the system of institution and legitimation. The authors touch upon particular issues related to both secular and religiuos education, discuss whether it is possible to involve secular teachers like sociologists in teaching at religious schools and universities in order to train well-educated and well-read ministers of church. Legitimation function of religion was the 'legitimization' of social procedures, institutions and relations. Orthodox religion also guaranteed the political loyalty and recognition of the government.

Keywords: higher education, ideology, Neo-Marxism, estrangement, Orthodox, religion, Christian personalism, Christianity, values, church

Abstract: Even though liberalism has a wide historiography, the problem of genesis and evolution of the liberal mentality still lacks serious researches. Description of the mental content and structural components of the liberal mentality, their hierarchy, interaction and interdependence is still one of the most methodological issues. The author offers a more complex definition of the liberal mentality that includes the social component. Special emphasis is made on the determination of special features and differences between the Russian and Western types of liberal mentality. The author of the article also makes an attempt to describe ethic beliefs, functional nature and peculiarities.The main method of research is the dialectic method. Comparative-historical and structural-functional methods have also played a significant role in determination of the structural components and interactions between these components as well as the nature  and mechanism of their formation. The results of research prove that Russian liberal mentality has its unique logic of cultural and historical development. The spirit and features of Western liberalism were adopted and Russian liberailsm had its own national grounds related to the Orthodox development thrust of the Russian civilization. The author offers a definition of Russian liberal mentality and analyzes factors defining its special features. He also touches upon the featurse and qualities of Russian liberailsm as a special type of thinking defining the behavior, ideology and selection of social development alternativef. The author describes a special mechanism of liberal mentality (archetypes, the core and etc.) that guarantees the dynamics of the liberal way of thinking and fixes spontaneously arising mental stereotypes of liberalism. 

Keywords: mentality, liberal mentality, way of thinking, archetype, collective unconscious, archetype elements, structure of liberal mentality, liberal way of thinking, the core of liberal mentality, liberal ideology

Abstract: The author discusses the idea of the distinctive character of Russian liberalism and defines the place of Russian liberalism in the 'liberal family'. The author describes religious and ideological roots of liberal mentality, the influence of moral and religious archetypes of Russian culture on perception of Western liberal ideas. He also reveals adaptation mechanisms ensuring the integration of liberal ideas into the Russian environmental perception. Based on the dialectical and comparative methods, the author concludes that unlike the Western mentality, Russian liberal mentality has another nature, form and other methods of distribution and it is rather stable and variable. The author of the article establishes that Russian liberal mentality was not just the Western European phenomenon adjusted to the new historical environment but was formed as the national variant of liberalism that had the distinctive and universal meaning. The main focus of attention is on determination of the in-depth fundamental mental layers and elements of liberal mentality and peculiarities.

Keywords: liberal mentality, liberal consciousness, world view and cogitation, liberal values, traditions, distinctive character, religious artchetype, democracy, conservatism, personal liberty, identity

Abstract: The article is devoted to the history of formation of Wahhabism in the system 'Hanabilah - Salafi - Wahhabism'. The author of the article studies the development, expansion and formation of Wahhabism in Russia and abroad. The author carries out a critical analysis of such terms as 'Islamism', 'Traditional Islam',  and 'Nontraditional Islam'. By using examples from law enforcement pratice, the author carries out a research to approve or disapprove the thesis about terrorism, extremism and Wahhabism being interconnected. This article is the first one in Russian science to reveal the main theoretical (philosophical, politological, historical and judicial) approaches to the problem of Wahhabism. The author also describes the main approaches to the legal regulation of Wahhabism and related religious movements in foreign states.  The author analyzes the political and legal environment with reference to Wahhabism and its legal regulation in Russia.  Special attention is paid to the following: directions of reformation of relations between religious associations and the government, managerial problems and legal issues. The author also makes certain suggestions on how to improve and increase efficiency of state and civil society in the sphere of religious relations, suppression of extremism and terrorism. 

Keywords: Wahhabism, Salafi movement, Sunnism, Islam, Islamism, nontraditional Islam, traditional Islam, religious political activity, terrorism, extremism