Abstract: The column is devoted to a significant turn in axiology typical for our epoch. Special attention is paid at the meaning of life as a regulatory conception. The author outlines different approaches to studying the meaning of life and provides classification of different meaning life orientations. The author also analyzes values typical for our time.

Keywords: pedagogy, psychology, history, values, axiology, culture, social studies, orientations, standards, meaning of life.

Abstract: The author of the article talks about the loss of moral and religious values in a modern society, influence of Christianity on the moral nature of human. The author also explains the meaning of human sufferings from the religious point of view and describes the relations between Church and state.

Keywords: pedagogy, religion, suffering, Christianity, Orthodox, sin, justice, love, state institution, church.

Abstract: Development of ethical issues takes an important place in Immanuel Kant’s creative work. He devoted a few works to this topic such as Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Critique of Practical Reason, Metaphysics of Morals, Metaphysics of Ethics and others. Kant believed that one of the most important goals of philosophy was to understand the nature of morality that regulates human behavior. He wrote ‘Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the more often and steadily we reflect upon them: The starry heavens above me and the moral law within me’.

Keywords: pedagogy, up-bringing, teaching, personality, morals, ethics, game, generation, categorical imperative, moral law.

Abstract: The author reflects on the causes of human cruelty, estimating it as the destruction of the emotional world. Cruelty — is the moral and psychological personality trait that is manifested in the brutal, offensive, abusive towards other living beings, causing them pain and danger to their lives. It is also believed that it is the socio-psychological phenomenon that is expressed in the pleasure of deliberate infliction of suffering living being unacceptable in this culture method.

Keywords: pedagogy, psychology, violence, philosophy, suffering, pain, shame, sadism, feeling, personality, stoicism.

Abstract: In his review the author would like to trace back the formation and development of scientific social and philosophical researches devoted to the problems of freedom and liberalism in our country. This article continues and completes the previously published work ‘Theoretical Interpretation of the Freedom Idea: Brief Review of Western Sources’ (published in Pedagogy and Education Journal No. 2, 2012, P. 46 – 52). The results of the study shows the constant growth of the same intellectual tradition of interpretation of freedom and liberalism that was stopped after the October Revolution of 1917. Hot disputes of the Perestroika epoch gradually turned into academic discussions and attempts to understand these concepts from the point of view of the Russian spiritual tradition.

Keywords: pedagogy, liberalism, Russia, philosophy, freedom, Western Europe, Slavophiles, Westerners, law, politics.

Abstract: The main difficulty in understanding of counterculture is that our usual analysis methods including social, political, scientific methods and surveys turn out to be useless in this situation. We search for the reasons creating countercultures and cannot find them or discover such a great number of reasons that it makes impossible even the slightest attempt to conduct the cause-and-consequence analysis.

Keywords: pedagogy, counterculture, conservatism, liberalism, culture, humanism, society, art, church, Orthodoxy.

Abstract: Why people make a god of knowledge? Why do they place such emphasis on studying formulas, laws and dates by heart? Wouldn’t we survive without all these discoveries and inventions? Even if I don’t remember that happened near Waterloo? Nothing happens if I forget the prussic acid formula? Would the world be destroyed if I do not write that physical law on the board? What makes us worship and cherish knowledge?

Keywords: pedagogy, philosophy, knowledge, humanitarian, magic, faith, need, reality, rationality.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the two issues: whether the mathematical activity influences the formation of cognitive processes and how to form cognitive processes of pre-schoolers and develop their mathematical abilities before school. The authors offer their own program of teaching at a kindergarten and briefly describe the results of the study showing that mathematical tasks and activities can actually develop cognitive abilities of pre-schoolers.

Keywords: pedagogy, pre-schooler, school maturity, mathematical activity, cognitive processes, mathematics, cogitation, abilities, sense organ development, creativity.

Abstract: Conception of Russian Education Modernization 2020 and new projects of the federal state educational standard of the second generation fixed the tendency to transform the contents of the Russian education into the level of key educational competences. It means that the knowledge approach is replaced by the competent approach and a student’s ability to organize his work comes to the first place instead of how much he knows. Useful bonds and relations constitute a huge potential in the modern world and it makes it possible to use crowdsourcing, i.e. solve the problem in the best way by using the collective mind. In this connection, Scientific Fairs and Internet-discussions become very popular nowadays. These are a new form of working with students that promotes cooperation of young minds, specialists, practical experts and provides an opportunity for information exchange and for the problem solution based on the analysis of a great number of opinions. Such activities are very important because besides traditional education, modern human, businessman and innovator also need to develop his professional communication.

Keywords: pedagogy, crowdsourcing, modernization of education, non-traditional forms, scientific ideas, Scientific Fair, internet-discussion, competent approach, new format, independent work.

Abstract: Thoughts on human have always been the key topic in philosophy. Even since the human started to think about the structure of the world around, he began to understand himself, too. Who am I and who are we? Where do we come from? What do we strive for and where are we going in this never-ending path of history? What makes us different from all other creatures on Earth and what makes us similar to them? Does the human change his biological form while growing intellectually and morally? How does our spirit develop – towards understanding of the world and our role there or towards self-destruction? Can we actually change the world around or, on the opposite, are we the slaves of circumstances?

Keywords: pedagogy, human, philosophical anthropology, philosophy, being, wholeness, multidimensionality of human image, reflection, specifically human, reason.