Abstract: This article examines one of the most unique and widely known musical genres of the second half of XX century – instrumental theatre, which saw its bright implementation in the work on the renowned German avant-gardist Karlheinz Stockhausen. The author analyzes Stockhausen’s instrumental theatre – from using simple relocation of musicians and specific placement of instruments on the stage, to creating full-blown instrumental-theatrical spectacles. A special attention is given to the issue of interpretation and scenic re-creation of the instrumental-theatrical compositions. An attempt is made at a comprehensive study of Stockhausen’s instrumental theatre: the analysis of his oeuvres is aimed at determining the general regularities of the manifestation of this genre in composer’s work. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that until today they instrumental theatre of Stockhausen has not become the object of e dedicated close attention of art scholars. As the conducted analysis of his works demonstrates, his methods of creation of the instrumental-theatrical composition have significantly affected the evolution of the instrumental theatre as a genre, and broadened its genre aspects.  

Keywords: art, musicology, synthesis of the arts, instrumental theater, Stockhausen, performance, syncretism, synesthesia, postmodernism, musical genre

Abstract: Performance represents one of the major genres of art of the XX century. Its manifestation can be seen in literature, artwork, music, and theater. This article examines the historical roots of performance as a genre, which sprung in the syncretic ritual of ancient world, street theater, as well as art of Renaissance and Baroque eras. The author reviews the prolonged process of the ritual, commedia dell'arte, theatrical plays of da Vinci and D. Bernini in performances of the XX century. As an example, the author uses works of K. Stockhausen, I. Xenakis, J. Cage, L. Lipkis, and M. Dessi. Performance is being examined as a phenomenon of synthesis of arts, using the method of holistic analysis. Towards the end of the work, the author formulates a unified system for classifying performance that as it exists at the present time. An accent is made that all performances, in one way or another, in their implementation are based on intentional or unintentional epatage (element of shock), becoming the prerogative of a great number of works of art in the XX century.

Keywords: Synthesis of the Arts, postmodernism, sinesteziynost, performance, actionism, art history, genre, theatricality, ritual, music

Abstract: Performance represents one of the major genres of art of the XX century. Its manifestation can be seen in literature, artwork, music, and theater. This article examines the historical roots of performance as a genre, which sprung in the syncretic ritual of ancient world, street theater, as well as art of Renaissance and Baroque eras. The author reviews the prolonged process of the ritual, commedia dell'arte, theatrical plays of da Vinci and D. Bernini in performances of the XX century. As an example, the author uses works of K. Stockhausen, I. Xenakis, J. Cage, L. Lipkis, and M. Dessi. Performance is being examined as a phenomenon of synthesis of arts, using the method of holistic analysis. Towards the end of the work, the author formulates a unified system for classifying performance that as it exists at the present time. An accent is made that all performances, in one way or another, in their implementation are based on intentional or unintentional epatage (element of shock), becoming the prerogative of a great number of works of art in the XX century.

Keywords: Synthesis of arts, postmodernism, synthesizing, performance, performance art, art history, genre, theatricality, ritual, music

Abstract: This article features the first study of the interpretation of Christian ideas in works for the musical theater created by French composers of the XIX - XX centuries; the main attention is paid to the works of the prominent composer, theorist, organist, teacher and public figure V. d'Indy (1851 – 1931), whose operas (Fervaal, 1897 and L’Étranger, 1903), state the ethical values of Christianity. The principles of complex analysis of the art concept from the peak of the composer’s creative evolution are distinguished by their novelty – a major musical and theatrical work, Legend of Saint Christopher (1920). The composer/librettist d'Indy borrowed this consideration of "biography" genre semantics from Golden Legend – the monument of Catholic Christianity of the XIII century: the principles of composition and the peculiarities of the musical dramaturgy of the work. The dramaturgy of “French musical drama” by V. d’Indy is described as a phenomenon of the new synthesis of the arts in the cultural space of France, whose opening in the field of musical theater was committed by such major composers of the XX century as Claude Debussy and Igor Stravinsky. The author of the article grounded the topicality of the suggested spiritual content of the “mystery-drama” (sacred drama) by d'Indy for the modern man in search of Faith, Hope and Charity. The article provides a conclusion about the specifics of interpreting V. d'Indy’s ideas of Christianity, consisting of a dynamic, vibrant and socially sharpened broadcast of ethical tenets of the Christian faith by the composer from the stage of musical theater.

Keywords: Christianity, ideas, French musical theater, miracle, legend, opera, oratorio, Saint Christopher, martyrdom

Abstract: В статье впервые исследованы особенности интерпретации идей христианства в произведениях для музыкального театра, созданных французскими композиторами XIX – XX веков; основное внимание уделено творчеству выдающегося композитора, теоретика, органиста, педагога и общественного деятеля В. д’Энди (1851 – 1931), оперы которого («Фервааль», 1897 и «Чужестранец», 1903), содержат утверждение этических ценностей христианства. Новизной отличаются принципы комплексного анализа художественной концепции вершины творческой эволюции композитора – крупного музыкально-театрального сочинения «Легенда о Святом Христофоре» (1920). Это рассмотрение жанровой семантики «жизнеописания», заимствованного композитором/либреттистом д’Энди из «Золотой Легенды» – памятника католического христианства XIII века; принципов композиции, особенностей музыкальной драматургии произведения. Драматургия «французской музыкальной драмы» В. д’Энди охарактеризована как явление нового синтеза искусств в культурном пространстве Франции, открытие которого в области музыкального театра было совершено крупнейшими композиторами XX века – К. Дебюсси и И. Стравинским. Автором статьи обоснована актуальность идей духовного содержания «драмы-мистерии» (священной драмы) д’Энди для современного человека, находящегося в поисках Веры, Надежды и Милосердия. Сделан вывод о специфике интерпретации В. д’Энди идей христианства, состоящей в динамичной, яркой и социально заостренной трансляции композитором этических постулатов христианской веры со сцены музыкального театра.

Keywords: Khristianstvo, idei, legenda, opera, oratoriya, V. d’Endi, Svyatoi Khristofor, muchenichestvo