Abstract: The article is devoted to judicial reconcilation as a new instutition of judicial law in Russia. Makarenko analyzes this procedure in comparison to mediation procedure widely practiced in Russia. The researcher examines functions of the court and parties participating in this procedure and describes peculiarities of the  judicial reconcilation versus mediation procedure based on the use of formal law and comparative law methods. As a result of the research, Makarenko comes to the conclusion that the use of judicial reconcilation will allow Russia's legislation system to resolve disputes more effectively because this procedure allows to overcome all the drawbacks of the mediation procedure that has not been widely used in arbitration or civil practice. Mararenko also proves that all other alternative dispute resolutions have proved to be inefficient and so has the legislator's attempt to eliminate drawbacks of the dispute resolution procedure by the settlement agreement. 

Keywords: settlement agreement, judicial reconciliation, comparison, alternative dispute resolution, mediation, reconciliation, arbitration process, civil procedure, parties, court

Abstract: The matter under research is the criminal responsibility and classification of crime resulting from illegal tie-in with oil or oil products pipelines. The main issue covered by the author is the provisions of criminal law that relate these actions to complete or incomplete delicti. Lopatin focuses on the results of investigatory and judicial classification of thefts under different circumstances of criminal activity commitment including when an individual does not manage to accomplish his or her intent. The methodological procedures include general and special research methods such as analysis, induction, deduction, comparison, formal law and formal logic methods. Based on the analysis of applicable legislation, judicial law enforcement practice, statistical data and points of view of other researchers, the author of the article examines what complicates the effect of criminal law provisions on volators and implementation of preventive measures. The results of the research demonstrate significant contradictions in provisions that regulate criminal responsibility measures for similar violations committed under identical circumstances. Lopatin also suggests solutions regarding how to classify these actions compared to others, formal delicti that are regulated by most recent legal acts. 

Keywords: oil transportation, criminal oil business, delicti, oil pipeline, tie-in, oil, theft, oil products pipeline, qualification of a crime, conditional punishment

Abstract: The article is devoted to the legal provisions that set forth liability for theft committed with the use of electronic means of payment. Considering problems that arise in the process of differentiation of such crime under Clause g of Part 3 of Article 158 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Article 159.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the authors pay special attention to the analysis of features of this crime as a kind of computer crime. The authors focus on criminalization of theft of non-cash or electronic money using cards as it is presented by the foreign legislation (in particular, criminal law of Germany). The researchers have applied such methods as dialetical materialistic, formal law, comparative law, structured systems, criminological and linguistic analysis as well as general research methods (analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction). At the end of the research the author concludes that crimes described by Clause g of Part 3 of Article 158 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Article 159.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation should be recognized as computer crimes. Based on the analysis, the researchers give recommendations on how to classify theft of electronic or non-cash money committed with the use of electronic means of payment. 

Keywords: electronic money, non-cash money, computer information, electronic environment, electronic means of payment, theft, computer crime, fraud, the distinction between crimes, qualification of crimes

Abstract: This research is devoted to the process of introduction of the National Qualitification System into the social labor sphere of the Russian Federation. This is the System that succeeds the previous qualifications system. Generally, the National Qualification System in Russia is represented by four inter-related elements: professional standards, independent assessment of qualifications, professional social accreditment of education programs and directory of the most demanded professions. European countries have been having such systems for quite a logn time, thus they have a lot of experience in this sphere. The aim of this research is to find common features and differences between European and Russian qualifications systems as well as the experience of implementation of this sytem in Russia. In addition, the authors analyze differences between previous Russian qualification systems that were based on directories of professions and modern systems that are based on professional standards. In their research the authors have applied such methods as analysis, synthesis and summary of legal materials. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors analyze difficulties and challenges of introducing the new qualifications system into the Russian labor law as well as problems the society has faced as a result of implementation of the new system. As the result of the research, the author concludes that the main feature of the National Qualifications System in Russia is the synthesis of mandatory (imperative) and market grounds. 

Keywords: educational programs, professional standards, regulation, labor legislation, labor law, human capital, national qualifications system, qualification exams, assessment of qualifications, directory of professions

Abstract: The matter under research is Articles 8 and 21 of the International Child Abduction Convention of 1980 and Clause 1 of Article 244.11 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, the legal acts that establish a scope of persons who have the right to claim custody or access to a child. The object of the research is the relations arising between an individual that has the right to make such a claim and the national court of the country where an under-aged child has been unlawfully taken or where such a child is wrongfully retained. The author notes that legal acts do not provide a clear scope of persons thus she offers to make amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. In her research the author has used such methods as logical analysis and systems approach, comparative law methods, formal law methods and others. The main conclusions of the research demonstrate imperfection of the current Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation on persons who have the right to claim custody or access rights; contestability of conclusions made by the European Court of Human Rights on convention affairs; and problematic creation of the European Court of Human Rights precedent about recognition of rights of access for individuals who substitute for parents. The author's special contribution to the topic is her suggestions on elimination of problems in the Russian procedural law, recognition of a child over 14 years old as a rightholder (and giving him or her a lawyer as a representative), extention of the list of individuals who have the right to make aforesaid claims and non-recognition of custody and access rights in case genetic parents are not proved by the legal entry. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author carries out a complex analysis of the provisions of Clause 1 of Article 244.11 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation and how it correlates to the provisions of The Convention of 1980. 

Keywords: rights of access, rights of custody, parents, child, international child abduction, wrongful retention of child, The Hague Convention, European Court, right to claim, cross-border protection

Abstract: The article is devoted to methodological issues of carrying out a tracological examination of mechanical damages on clothes, in particular, cut or stab damages. The subject of the research is particular patterns of the process of marking formation of mechanical damages on clothes made out of modern fabrics. Bazarova focuses on the problem of discovering the relation between the type of fabric, weave pattern and morphological signs of damage left by weapons most frequently used in crime. The aim of the research is to analyze and develop methodological recommendations on how to investigate mechanical damage on clothes that are left by different types of marking formation. The methodological basis of the research includes scientific methods of judicial expertise, in particular, experimental and microscopical methods. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author has summarized and analyzed experience in tracological examinatin of damages on clothes, their role and importance for investigation of crimes. The experiments carried out by the author have revealed areas of concern and have allowed to make relevant recommendations and solutions. The author pays special attention to theoretical and practical recommendations on how investigate traces of damages on clothes. The practical importance of the research is that provisions, conclusions and recommendations presented by the author in this article may be of interest for students who study tracology and tracological examination as well as for practicing experts. 

Keywords: morphological feature, trace object, following object, stab damage, tracological examination, cut damage, thread weaving, mechanical damages, authentication, clothing material