Abstract: The paper analyzes the problem of unification of civil and arbitration proceedings in the Russian Federation caused by the absence of due attention to procedural principles, the need for their harmonization, and provision of their coherence. The author suggests considering these principles in a whole, taking into account the social and liberal concepts applied to material and procedural law. The author points at the theses about “differentiation” and “imbalance” of legal regulation and the necessity to level the negative consequences of these phenomena when preparing the unified civil proceedings code of the Russian Federation. The research methodology is based on general scientific and specific research methods: the dialectical method, the method of formal logic, the formal-legal method, analysis and synthesis, the comparative-legal, system and historical methods. The author concludes that there exist integrative processes, promoting unification of civil and arbitration provisions, and the factors determining the specification of provisions as a result of evolution of the structure and the content of legal regulation of particular procedural relations expressed in the concepts of “differentiation” and “imbalance”. The author suggests using the procedural principles, their coherence and belonging to a certain concept, as a means of harmonization and minimization of collisions. The author formulates the criterion for the systematization of the principles in order to restrict the context regulation of particular procedural relations. 

Keywords: procedural law reform, specificity of procedural principles, imbalance of procedural provisions, differentiation of procedural provisions, principles of civil proceedings, systematization, harmonization of procedural law, civil proceedings, simplification of procedural provisions, contextuality of procedural principles

Abstract: The paper considers theoretical issues of information and legal regulation of microfinance activities. The author studies microlenders operating on the financial market of the Russian Federation. Based on the current information legislation, the author demonstrates the priority directions of development of the new stage of information society; taking into account the importance of digital economic mechanisms, the author pays special attention to the need for information support of microfinance activities. In the light of the focus of the present article and the provisions of the General directions of development of the financial market of the Russian Federation for 2016 – 2018, the author demonstrates the potential tasks for the microfinance market. The author applies the hermeneutical approach, the methods of analysis and synthesis, the system approach, the comparative method and other methods of legal studies. The author formulates his own approach to information and legal regulation of microfinance activities; proves that the new stage of information society development is determined by the existing demand of information consumers for reliable and safe information including that transmitted via the Internet; raises the problem of formation of the Unified register of trusted web-sites as a counterbalance to the harmful information turnover in the Russian segment of the Internet. 

Keywords: information security, microloan, microfinancing, microfinance activities, information legislation, information support, Internet, reliability, safety, information

Abstract: The research subject is R. von Jhering’s theory of law, considered from the viewpoint of its sociological components. Von Jhering was one of the originators of the sociological approach in jurisprudence; at the same time, his sociological legal theory had been forming together with the establishment of sociology as a discipline. The innovation of von Jhering’s approach consisted in the shift from the study of the normative system to empirical analysis of social reality, which was considered as the source of law and at the same time, as the way of its verification. The author studies the main components of sociologism as interpreted by Jhering, particularly, such theoretical constructs as the law as “legally protected interest”; social theory, in which law is considered as the main factor of development and positive social changes; and interpretation of law as “living conditions of society”. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, etc.), specific methods, and general and special methods of historical-legal studies (analysis of the structure of political and legal theories, etc.). The scientific novelty consists in finding out the content, the sense, and the originality of some key components of sociological interpretation of law in von Jhering’s theory. The study is based on the analysis of a wide range of unconsidered and unstudied sources (Jhering’s personal manuscripts, correspondence, unknown works), revealing the essence of his legal ideas in the context of approaches to knowledge and interpretation of law, typical for the sociological approach in jurisprudence. 

Keywords: social reality , social identification, social theory, empitical experience, legal reality, living conditions of society, protected interest, practical motives, sociological approach, Jhering

Abstract: The authors analyze the normative model of the language of criminal procedure in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The institution of the language of criminal procedure of Uzbekistan consists of three interconnected components: the principle, the procedural statuses of the parts to criminal procedure, and the guarantees of the enjoyment of the right to use the native language of the trial participant or the language he or she can speak. The Uzbek variant of the principle is analogous to the Soviet one and contains the possibility to use any language during criminal procedure, despite the fact that the Constitution of the Republic formalizes the only state language – Uzbek. The procedural statuses of the subjects don’t comply with the essence of the concept of the language of criminal procedure, since officially not all trial participants enjoy the right to use the native language or the language they can speak. There are difference guarantees of this right. The authors apply different methods, including historical, formal logical and comparative methods of cognition. The set of research methods helps comprehensively analyze the institution and formulate the substantiated conclusions. The Uzbek institution of the language criminal procedure hasn’t been studied yet. The main instrument of guaranteeing the right to use the native language or the language a person can speak is the institution of interpreters. In the authors’ opinion, the model of the institution of interpreters needs to be corrected due to some defects. Firstly, the legislation doesn’t contain any legal definition of the term “interpreter”. Secondly, the legislation doesn’t systematize the grounds and the procedure of interpreters’ participation in the procedure. Thirdly, there are gaps in the regulation of their statuses. All the revealed drawbacks of the normative model of the institution of language can affect the law enforcement practice and the observation of rights of the participants of the criminal procedure, so it would be better to eliminate them. 

Keywords: legal status, principle, official language, native language, comparative researches, criminal procedure, Uzbek law, law, guarantees of right, interpreter

Abstract: The research object is the personality of a cadastral engineer as a system set of properties with socially significant quality determinancy. The research subject contains the data about the manifestations of personality of cadastral engineers in their main field of activity – cadastral – and about socio-psychological and emotional-volitional qualities, legal behavior and behavior deviations. The paper is the result of multifactorial psychological and criminalistical approaches to the study of criminal behavior and personality of a cadastral engineer based on the reflection of individual and personal peculiarities of these persons. The authors apply the following methods: interviewing, observation, conceptual and psychological analysis, analysis of practical results of the activities. The psychological diagnostics of the peculiarities of personality is based on the testing results. Besides, the authors use one-dimensional and multidimensional methods of statistical analysis, and modeling. The authors are the first to carry out the complex criminal and psychological and criminological analysis of a personality of a cadastral engineer. Based on the acquired research results, the authors formulate theoretical provisions about the personality of the objects of study. The research is significant for theoretical substantiation of the set of measures of prevention of crimes in cadastral activities, and for crimes investigation in this sphere. 

Keywords: personality characteristics, psychometric testing, psychological research, criminological observation, judicial practice, criminal responsibility, crime, cadastral engineer, cadastral activities, prevention of crimes

Abstract: The research subject is the legal grounds for challenging of transactions of a debtor within the bankruptcy proceeding, implemented during the so-called “suspicion period”, preceding the recognition of a debtor as a bankrupt. The most important scientific achievement of recent years in this sphere is the extended understanding of a transaction, which interprets a transaction also as a discharge of an obligation (active discussion of this problem was initiated by S.V. Sarbash). The research subject includes the problems of law-enforcement, connected with annulment of complex agreements as a consequence of selective annulment of particular transactions, which are the parts of such agreements, with no account for the balance, provided by the agreements, based on reciprocal performance of obligations. The author applies historical method and the method of system analysis of laws, regulating bankruptcy procedures in their interconnection with the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on transactions. Besides, the author applies historical-legal and formal-legal methods. According to S.V. Sarbash’s theory, implemented in civil law, challenged transactions include acts of cession of goods and payments. Consequently, bankruptcy procedures effectively contest parts of agreement with no account for their interrelation, and all the outgoing payments of the debtor, made during the pre-bankruptcy period, are threatened with restitution. The author reveals a significant contradiction of law-enforcement practice: the provisions of the article 180 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, ordering to preserve the part of a transaction, are used rarely; this article is not used for the division of an invalid transaction into the elements. In turn, the provisions of the law on bankruptcy about the possibility to separate particular transactions (parts) from the agreement (transaction) and the subsequent annulment within bankruptcy procedure, are widely used. This situation contains the contradiction in the sphere of regulation of transactions within civil law. The author draws attention to the fact that a building contract is one of the spheres of contractual law, in which annulment of agreements can lead to unpredictable consequences. 

Keywords: fairness, restituiton, cession of goods, payment, challenging of the transaction , invalid transaction, bankruptcy , building contracts, bankruptcy proceedings, discharge of obligations