Abstract: The article presents an opinion that in order to fi ght economic crimes and to humanize the criminal legislation, this legislation should be aimed towards preventing unfair competition from the dominating economic subjects. Unlike in the Western states, in Russia the state plays an important role in the economy, many markets are monopolized by state or municipal enterprises, or the privatized economic subjects. In order to effi ciently fi ght crimes in the sphere of anti-monopoly activities it is reasonable to continue improving the existing system against cartels, other anti-competition agreements, and pre-mediated actions. In order to achieve these goals, fi rst of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the mechanism of effi cient investigation of the cartel agreements, secondly, to amend the legislation on operative and investigative activities, and, thirdly, to deal with the legal gap, which does not allow to free from criminal responsibility a person, who has acknowledged his guilt during the anti-monopoly investigation.

Keywords: jurisprudence, civil society, monopoly, protection of competition, economic subject, dominating position, crime, criminal conspiracy, cartel, responsibility.

Abstract: Having studied historical, legal, social and economic aspects of bankruptcy (insolvency) of physical persons – debtors, the author attempts to evaluate the necessity of the institution of consumer bankruptcy in the modern Russian law, and to single out some topical issues in this sphere. The article includes the study of the competence of courts over the consumer bankruptcy in the Russian law, and compares the Russian practice with the global practice of regulation of bankruptcy of physical persons. Based on the above-mentioned studies, the author offers to reevaluate the existing rules on judicial competence over the bankruptcy (insolvency) cases, and to discuss the issue on transferring the cases on consumer bankruptcy to the courts of general jurisdiction as well as on possibly forming specialized courts on consumer bankruptcy. The results of this study may be used in the spheres of judicial reform in order to improve the quality of adjudication in the sphere of competence over consumer bankruptcy.

Keywords: jurisprudence, consumer bankruptcy, insolvency, trade insolvency, citizens, competence, arbitration courts, courts, specialized courts, jurisdiction.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the concept of legal regulation of copyright in Japan in the digital age, as well as to the analysis of correlation of interests of copyright holders and other categories of persons. The article demonstrates how the technological novelties formed the basis for the changes in the model of regulation of copyright in Japan, while preserving the social vector of the copyright law. The article includes the study of a large list of the social limitations in the sphere of copyright. Then the author comes to a conclusion that they are applicable to the digital use of copyrighted work. Additionally to the written rules on copyright limitations, in some cases the legislation of Japan allows for the “free use” of copyrighted work, if it falls within the goals and means of its use, which allows to use the broad approach to the free use of the copyrighted work for the educational, cultural and other goals.

Keywords: jurisprudence, Japan, copyright, exclusive right, moral rights, Internet, reproduction, regulation, protection, circulation.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the nature and types of political power, its correlation with the state power and its value for the state government. It is shown that political power and state power are different types of social power, and each of them has its own purpose and means of implementation. At the same time, they may be closely correlated, if one is to analyze political power within the state system, which serves as means of influence on its executive institutions. The author provides that any social power is an institutionally formed social power. The author shows the correlation between the political power and political institutions, including the state political institutions, which form the state superstructure. The author also notes the role of these institutions within the state government system. Based on the definition of political power, the author formulates the law of political development.

Keywords: politics, political power, political institution, state institution, state government, state power, state administration, state organism.

Abstract: The article regards the human rights protection problems through the prism of politics. The author pays attention to the correlation between the human rights and politics by singling out certain directions of the state in the sphere of protection of human rights and freedoms. The author analyzes some modern tendencies in the sphere of human rights protection, which refl ect upon the level of its effi ciency.

Keywords: Human rights, politics, expediency, necessity, protection of rights, constitutionality.

Abstract: The article includes analysis of some issues of qualification and legislative regulation regarding crimes related to the illegal turnover of pornography. The position of the author is based first of all on the need to guarantee the due legal regulation of lawful activities on turnover of pornographic products, which shall allow to deal with the criminal law problems regarding qualification of such crimes. The author points out, that the key steps in this direction include the legislative provisions for the criteria for the absolutely prohibited pornographic products (juvenile sex, sex with animals, sex with violence), and for the relatively allowed pornographic products, which may be used with some limitations. The author analyzes the definitions of pornographic materials and objects, as provided in the latest studies on these issues. Much attention is paid to the legislative elements of pornography, qualifications of the elements of its production and keeping.

Keywords: jurisprudence, pornography, legalization, Internet, production, spread, keeping, juvenile, qualification, responsibility.

Abstract: The article provides the detailed analysis of the subjects of drug crimes, to whom the provisions of Art. 82.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on suspension of sentence apply. As a result of the comparative study of this norms, the author shows considerable deviations from the requirements of the Strategy of the State Anti-Narcotic Policy of the Russian Federation for the period till 2020 in part of the offered criminal legal measures for the curtailment of the unlawful distribution and non-medical consumption of drugs. The author shows the non-conformity of medical and legal elements in the terms “narcomania” and “toxicomania” (drug abuse) in the Russian legislation and in the requirements of the ICD-10 and the foreign legislation. The author also shows how the normative practice of the Government of the Russian Federation on the formation of lists of drugs gives ground to the lack of stability to the diagnosis of “narcomania” (drug addiction) and allows it to transform into the toxicomania and vice versa, therefore, it limits the possibility of the application of Art. 82.1 of the Criminal Code depending on the type of psychoactive drug. Taking some topical issues of implementation of a novel criminal law institution of suspension of sentence to the drug addicted drug criminals, the author views them from the criminal procedural aspect, offers rational ways for improvement of the situation.

Keywords: jurisprudence, narcotic substances and psychoactive substances, potent and poisonous substances, psychoactive substances, narcomania and toxicomania, narco-infected, compulsory medical treatment, drug-related articles, anti-narcotic.

Abstract: The problem of implementing the principle of separation of powers in Russia at the present stage of development. We analyze the current Russian legislation regulating the position of the judiciary and judges. The functioning of the judicial system considered in practice, identified gaps in the legal field on this issue. The point is that today the judiciary is clearly not doing its primary function – containment and restriction of the legislative and executive authorities, the implementation of legal control over their activities and the need to change the legislation of Russia on the basis of universally recognized principles of international law.

Keywords: separation of powers, the judiciary, the independence, tenure of judges, the ruling political forces, judicial reform, democracy, constitution, the disciplinary court presence, influence on the judiciary, direct election of judges.

Abstract: The author provides analysis of the legal definition and regulation of the supervision by monitoring in the sphere of transportation security, the author also offers the ways for the furher improvement of the monitoring system. The article includes the definition of “monitoring of transportation security guarantees” as a process of systematic or continuous collection of information (surveillance) and analysis of the generalized data on the level of protection of the transportation infrastructure objects and transportation vehicles from the acts of unlawful interference, including terroristic ones, in order to form and accept the necessary decision on changing or preserving the existing normative legal and (or) normative technical parameters.

Keywords: jurisprudence, law, monitoring, security, guarantees, transportation, control, review, objects, regulation.

Abstract: The article includes an attempt to follow the connection between the Soviet marriage ideology, as announced by the Feminist Marxists during the October Revolution and the legislative provisions for the institution of marriage in the fi rst Code on Marriage and Family of the Soviet State of 1918, which led to abolition of religious marriages and recognition of the secular marriage in Russia. The author views the discussion of the draft Code of Laws on Civil Status, Marriage, Family and Guardianship Law at the All- Russian Central Executive Committee in September of 1918. The author singles out the key provisions of the Code of Laws on Civil Status, Marriage, Family and Guardianship of 1918 on marital relations, equality of husband and wife, right for the freedom of divorce. One may say that the key achievement of the Soviet marital relation was emancipation of women, not only within a family, but within the society as a whole. The article also contains some evaluations of Soviet marriage of Soviet and modern times.

Keywords: jurisprudence, marriage, marital law, Soviet law, equality, divorce, emancipation, Code, monogamy, religious marriage

Abstract: The article of A.Y. Puryaeva is devoted to the legal regime of forests, which were situated within the city limits (city forests) in Russia in late XIX – early XX centuries. The author provides the norms of the Forest Codes (with various amendments) with were in force in Russia before 1917, as well as the first Soviet acts, which reflected upon the legal status of the city forests. The author points out that at the pre-Revolution period the cities could own forests as their property or on other bases. The specific features of the status of city forests in the early Soviet period was that they were recognized as a part of united state forest funds.

Keywords: jurisprudence, forest, forest, legislation, Russia, city, forest, forestry, funds, history.

Abstract: The article includes analysis of the legislative evolution on one of the underexplored issues in the Russian science. The author singles out the key stages in the legal regulation of the termination of judicial powers of the judges, he analyzes the legislative gaps, and based on the archive materials he follows the practical implementation of legal norms. The author comes to a conclusion that lack of grounds for the recall or disciplinary responsibility of judges in the normative acts, as well as lack of regulation of the termination of judicial powers caused mass termination of powers of judges and laid the grounds for the “cleansings” of judicial corpus in 1930s.

Keywords: judicial reform, Decree, recall, disciplinary responsibility, people’s court, province court, Supreme Court, law, implementation.

Abstract: The article includes analysis of the current legislation, as well as unpublished circulars and instructions of the Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and archive documents, which are introduced into the scientific turnover by the author for the first time. It allows to study the mechanism of legal regulation of private export and import of firearms in the Russian Empire at the stage of development of bourgeois relations and spread of revolutionary tendencies. The article presents unique Russian experience of combining international, legislative, departmental and local means of legal regulation of the firearms trade.

Keywords: jurisprudence, firearms, trade, limitations, import, export, commercial salesman, governor, police, supervision.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the most topical problems of the science of administrative law, as well as the practice of implementation of law in the spheres of state administration, economics, finances. The article includes a brief description of a problem in various spheres of administrative legal activities, and the author makes a number of conclusions, provides the most authoritative points of view on this problem, as well as his own position.

Keywords: jurisprudence, problem, law, regulation, process, jurisdiction, topicality, state, apparatus, norm.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the specific features of the constitutional judicial process. The author analyzes the correlation of the terms “constitutional judicial process” with the categories of “constitutional justice”, “constitutional judicial control”, “constitutional judicial procedural form”. The author shows the differences between them, as ell as the correlations of the constitutional judicial procedural law with the constitutional law and constitutional procedural law. The author supports the position that constitutional judicial procedural law may not be recognized as an independent branch of law.

Keywords: jurisprudence, judicial procedure, constitutional, process, control, justice, constitutionality, form, normative, specific features.

Abstract: The article analyzes the nature of mergers and acquisitions, their main features. The author provides definitions of key terms and criteria of distinction between mergers and acquisitions are proposed.

Keywords: mergers, acquisitions, corporate control.