Abstract: The article is devoted to one of the most fundamental issues in the legal science, which is related to the doctrinal and institutional practices of its formation and development, and is in some respects a response to an article by Professor V.V. Lazarev «Legal science: current state, challenges and perspectives (theoretical thoughts)» (Lex Russica, 2013, 2). The necessity of the studies of this problem is due to the need to widen the possible scope of the grounds for the epistemological turns in the development of the legal science as a whole, and theory of state and law in particular. Introduction of the categories «legal text» and «legal language» renews and changes the epistemological system within the evolution of the legal theory itself. These general categories include the possible reflections of the legal source in general — its ontology and axiology.

Keywords: jurisprudence, legal theory, legal ontology, epistemological turn, legal concept, legal text, legal language, legal communication, self-reflection, conceptual nucleus, linguistic turn, meta-theory.

Abstract: The issue of legal culture of the Dagestan peoples as a subject and factor for the social changes should be re-introduced within the framework of the methodological search. The multi-dimensional research model should be applied to the analysis of the legal culture of the peoples of Dagestan, and the methodology of studies should be modern, and it should be based upon the new paradigm of legal cognition as a whole. In addition to the methodological basis (strictly speaking) one should establish within the structure of methodology of historical legal studies of the legal culture a number of conceptual approaches, which define its natural vector, legal positivism, being an obvious, but not an only one conceptual basis for it. Legal culture is not only a normative legal matter in the social life, it is also an ethical, social and legal phenomenon, therefore, the sociological school of law should also be regarded as a basis for the historical legal studies of legal culture. One should single out civilization, synergetic and culturological approaches. It is stressed that the studies of legal culture shall be fruitful, if one is to use a systemic analysis of evolution and self-organization. The succession in the legal culture of the peoples of Dagestan implements an immanent ability for self-preservation of the inner basis, and it guarantees stability and sustainability, and it also gives an inner determining impulse for the further development of the system. Therefore, the most important aspect of studying the factors, which influence the formation of the legal culture of the peoples of Dagestan is analysis of real legal and social-cultural situation in the Republic of Dagestan.

Keywords: jurisprudence, legal culture, Dagestan, self-organization, custom, succession, methodology, synergy, civilization and culturological approaches.

Abstract: The article contains novel results of intellectual activities, which are formed with the use of computer technologies. Currently it is necessary to establish their legal nature. Based upon the analysis of the specific features of the legal relations regarding the use of some results of intellectual activity, such as computer games, Internet sites, virtual museums, etc., the author comes to a conclusion that they are types of multi-media products. The author offers a definition of multi-media product as an electronic (digital) object of copyright, which includes several protected results of intellectual activities (computer programs, works of art, music, etc.), and which interacts with a user via computer machinery. The author also shows the key specific features of this result of intellectual activity (complicated character, virtual character, interactivity), and establishes the point of view, under which lack of one of these features means that the product is not a multi-media product.

Keywords: jurisprudence, multimedia product, complicated object, intellectual property, Interactive, virtual, computer program, database, Internet website, audio-visual work.

Abstract: Having analyzed the legislation and the amendments to it, the author finds solutions to several problems, including correlation of environmental control and environmental supervision, definitions of environmental control and control in the sphere of rational use of natural resources, types of environmental control. The author also attempts to find out why there is no municipal control in the sphere of environmental protection (environmental control), while there is municipal control in the sphere of use and protection of environmental resources.

Keywords: jurisprudence, state, supervision, control, analysis, environmental, natural, resources, protection, environment.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of basis, goals and types of the compulsory measures of medical character. It analyzes their contents, periods and other related issues. The author formulates their definition as measures, which are applied to the people, who have committed the socially dangerous acts acting under the conditions of psychological disorder or suffering from a psychological disorder, and which include medication treatment, physiological or psychological influence, aimed to cure and to improve the psychological condition of such persons and prevention of new socially dangerous acts by these persons. The author comes to a conclusion that the basic international legal acts, which touch upon the status of certain categories of persons, including the persons suffering from psychological disorders, are aimed to protect the latter persons from discrimination.

Keywords: jurisprudence, compulsory measures of medical character, psychological disorder, socially dangerous act, judicial psychiatric expertise, legal status, person, discrimination, compulsory medical treatment, punishment.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the legal status of a juvenile person within the process of Implementation of justice and application of the measures of criminal legal Influence. Based on the studies of judicial practice, the author discusses the gaps in the guarantees of the rights of juveniles in the process of assigning a punishment, which in turn violates the principle of fairness, equality and individual character of criminal responsibility. The author discusses a number of problems, which appear in the practice of assigning punishment, when the conditions excluding their application for some age groups are present. The author provides grounds for the need to amend the legislation of Ukraine on criminal responsibility regarding property-related t punishments, taking into account the normative and judicial practice of the Russian Federation. The author discusses procedural bases for the protection of the rights of juvenile persons in the new Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine, characterizes them based upon certain stages of criminal process and offers optimum forms of introduction of foreign experience regarding training of personnel working with juvenile delinquents into the Ukrainian legal practice. The further reform of the judicial system regarding the underage persons in Ukraine and application of adequate criminal legal and educational measures to them shall allow to optimize the conditions for the formation of the socially acceptable behavior of the juvenile persons in the society.

Keywords: jurisprudence, juvenile, individualization of criminal responsibility, procedural protection, justice towards the juveniles, punishment, humanization of the measures of criminal law influence, justice, juvenology.

Abstract: The article includes analysis of the mechanism of transportation crimes, based upon the poly-ergatic nature of railway, waterway and air transportation and the mono-ergatic nature of automobile transportation. The author provides the classification of ergatic system, their correlation, he analyzes the topical issues regarding the mechanism of crime in general and reckless crime in particular, formulates the term for the mechanism of transportation crime, singles out its objective (technical system, information system, situation) and subjective (the person driving (controlling) the vehicle) elements. He shows the differences between the criminal law and forensic law definitions for the mechanisms of crime, discusses the ways of causing harm to the social relations on secure transportation functioning.

Keywords: jurisprudence, transportation, ergatic system, mono-system, poly-system, classification of ergatic system, transportation crime, forensic mechanism, criminal law mechanism, elements of mechanism, operator, technical system, information system, situation.

Abstract: The article includes analysis of the social relations within the sphere of criminal law regulation in their interdisciplinary aspect. The author expresses an opinion that the structures of objects of regulation of material and procedural criminal law allow to single out the common element — the social relations between a person, who has committed the act which is prohibited by criminal law and the victim, whose interests are represented by the state via its competent bodies. This group of social relations is one of factual relations. in turn, the «nucleus» of the object of regulation of the criminal law is a material aspect of these relations, while the «nucleus» of the regulation of the criminal procedural law is its procedural aspect. Each of the aspects within the same group of factual social relations may and has to be interpreted as criminal law and criminal procedural relations, that is, as the relations, which serve as means for the legal regulation of real social relations, and in some sense disciplinary legal constructions. The said correlation presupposes the presence of some general interdisciplinary construction, which is a mechanism for the criminal law regulation.

Keywords: jurisprudence, object of regulation, method of regulation, mechanism of criminal law regulation, correlation of material and procedural criminal law, crime, criminal proceedings, criminal responsibility, criminal law complex, «nucleus» of the object of regulation, interdisciplinary legal construction.

Abstract: The article includes analysis of the efficiency of various models of enforcement proceedings in Russia in XIX — early XX centuries. It is shown that the model of penal proceedings, for which the legislation of the first half of the XIX century provided, was a public law model and it guaranteed the enforcement of only half of the court decisions on civil cases. Due to some organizational and procedural legal reasons the enforcement process could commonly last for about 5 years. Due to the judicial reform of 1864 there was a transfer to a mixed judicial model for the enforcement of court decisions on civil cases. It turned out to be more efficient, and it guaranteed enforcement of about 70% of decisions within a year. The process of enforcement of judicial decision was generally about 2 years long. This success is directly connected with the institution of court enforcement officers and the ability for the claimant to have a more active role, while it also made the judicial enforcement more costly.

Keywords: jurisprudence, court, execution, claimant, debtor, court enforcement officer, police, process, judicial procedure, justice.

Abstract: This review is devoted to the collective monograph «Essays on the modern budget law science», which was prepared for the publication by a renowned financial law scholars E.Y. Gracheva (Russia) and N.P. Kucheryavenko (Ukraine). The monograph includes scientific work of many renowned specialists in the sphere of financial law, which is why the review reflects upon the key topical problems in the science of budget law, as well as the ideas of the author about resolving these problems, and the brief analysis of works on general and basic matters of the budget activities regulation, as well as the institutional aspects, as reflected in the legal regulation of budget relations. The review also touches upon the specific scientific issues, as well as the value of the conclusions of the authors for the financial law science and the budget law science. The review allows to see the variety of scientific studies and to single out the topical aspects, which may interest professional lawyers.

Keywords: jurisprudence, collective monograph, budget law science, topical scientific researches, topical issues, bases of the budget law, institutional aspects of legal regulation, basic contents, conclusions of the author, scientific value.