Abstract: The processes of harmonization of national legal systems, which are developed in two directions: "horizontally" – in various forms and mutual interpenetration of national legal systems, and "vertically" – through the implementation and other forms of realization of legal acts of the universal, regional, inter-regional, subregional and international organizations are examined in the present article. Particular attention is paid to issues of legal harmonization in the forming Eurasian Economic Union, as well as other integration associations with the participation of Russian Federation.

Keywords: law, national legal system, legal harmonization, international organizations, integration associations, the Eurasian Economic Union.

Abstract: The article is about two theories of perception of scientific knowledge: the diffusion and the infusion. It considers with four stages of integration of abovementioned scientific theories to the legal system of Turkey.

Keywords: theory, practical experience, concepts, analysis, theoretical approach, diffusion of law, infusion of law.

Abstract: The article describes constitutional law and international law aspects of secession and the form of a partial breakup of a state, separation of certain territorial units forming their own statehood or joining other states. It analyses the main features of secession and reveals the problems which ought to be solved in the constitutional law and international law perception and development of this phenomenon of the modern world.

Keywords: secession, territorial units, right of peoples to self-determination, constitutional limits, international law guarantees and solutions.

Abstract: Realization of legislative initiative by lawmakers according to the Constitutions of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Russian Federation is the subject of present article. In the article are drawn parallels between subjects of legislative initiative of Tajikistan and Russia and specifies variety of forms of realization of the legislative initiative. In the Constitutions of the Republic Tajikistan and the Russian Federation are confirmed almost identical structures of subjects of legislative initiative, but there is some specificity. Difference of structures of subjects of legislative initiative is also traced in forms of its realization in above-named countries. During research were used such methods of scientific knowledge as a rather-legal method, sociological, statistical; made analysis allows to make some conclusions. First, the legislative initiative consists of set of legal relationships which are directed on regulation of relations arising in occasion of introduction and mandatory consideration of the bill in Parliament. These relationships arise between Parliament on the one hand and subjects of legislative initiative on the other. Secondly, set of subjects of legislative initiative and forms of its realization are caused by form of state structure, form of government and legal system of state. In the third, the right to act as s subject of legislative initiative have: authorities represented by parliament, heads of state and government, local and/or regional representative bodies, highest judicial bodies in some countries. This right is confirmed at the constitutional level. Fourthly, at the present time in conditions of democratization of all spheres of public life it is required to extend the set of subjects of legislative initiative and to include also citizens and institutions of higher Judicial authorities of the country (in practice of Tajikistan – the Supreme Court and the Supreme Economic Court).

Keywords: legislative initiative, the Republic of Tajikistan, the Russian Federation, the Constitution, lawmaking, subjects of legislative initiative, public initiative, legislative initiative of court, parliament, executive body.

Abstract: UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts can be used as a guidance for drafting contracts. First of all, they set up standards of behavior in international commercial relations that the parties voluntarily undertake to follow. Compliance with principles accepted and recognized by all parties is important for negotiation of the contractual terms as well. International Chamber of Commerce has worked out 11 Principles to facilitate commercial negotiations in order to contribute to the creation of the environment favorable for negotiation and formulation of mutually advantageous realistic obligations by the parties. ICC Principles are analysed in the article in their comparison with UNIDROIT principles. The author comes to the conclusion that both sets of rules enrich and complement each other and their use may positively affect the development of international commercial relationship.

Keywords: UNIDROIT Principles 2010, ICC Principles to facilitate commercial negotiations, fair trade practice, good faith, reasonable behavior.

Abstract: The article is about study of legal regulation of collective investments schemes in the Great Britain and the USA. Last time legislators of the Great Britain and the USA pay a lot of attention to collective investments. This article deals with traditional and new collective investments schemes in the Great Britain and the USA. Together with forms directed to attraction of means of indefinite number of potential investors, in the Great Britain and the USA forms, which were traditional for involvement of workers to the system of collective accumulation and saving of property, are actively developed. In the Great Britain such forms are: building societies, industrial and provident societies, friendly societies, in the USA – investment real estate trust fund.

Keywords: investment found, collective investments schemes, investment fund, management company, unit trust, securities, financial services, small business investment company, investment declaration, open ended investment company.

Abstract: The article considers issues of legal regulation and issues of research of absolute and proprietary rights. Issues of legal regulation of absolute and proprietary rights in the legislation and in the theory of civil law of Hungary are studied. Using the example of the Hungarian civil legislation and the Hungarian law doctrine, the notion of absoluteness as an indicia of proprietary rights, absoluteness as an indicia inherent both to the right of ownership and to limited proprietary rights are considered.

Keywords: property rights, absolute rights, limited property rights, ownership, right of pledge, proprietary right of Hungary, subjective rights, liability rights, civil law of Hungary, legal relationship.

Abstract: The subject of research is the acquisition by the state of private property, and its specific types such as confiscation and nationalization. The author examines the regulation of these ways of withdrawal of property from a private owner in the Russian legislation and makes the conclusion about insufficiency of the rules governing these relations, which leads to problems in law enforcement. Meanwhile, the legislative experience of other states, namely the Republic of Kazakhstan (Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On State Property") suggests a way out of the situation. In the course of the research were used: method of system analysis and dialectical method; legal analysis; the method of comparative law; the analogy method; the logical method, historical method. On the basis of the analysis of current Russian legislation, literature, judicial practice and legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the conclusion about the need to adopt special law on seizure of property from private persons and his transfer to state property, namely, requisition, expropriation and confiscation of property for the state needs was made. Possible structure and content of this law, which shall contain, in particular, protection of rights of the owner is sujested. Possible is also a separate law for each of these ways of acquisition of property rights by the state.

Keywords: nationalization, requisition, a way of confiscation of property, the purchase of state property, adequate compensation, just satisfaction, for the state needs, guarantees of the rights of investors, damages, the requisition of investments.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the acute problems of influence on Afghanistan legislation of the International Labour Organization program of decent work. The author highlights that significant changes in Afghanistan labour law influenced by the International Labour Organization conception of decent work are realized first of all in legal regulation of working time and labour protection. It is mentioned that difficulties of International Labour Organization conception of decent work realization in Afghanistan are determined by the necessity of reformation of labour legislation on the one hand and economic determination of legal regulation on the other hand. Labour law reform in the country is a result of implementation of international labour standards. The methodology of research includes follow levels: philosophical, general scientific and branch method, which involve the comparative legal method as a basic. Scientific novelty of the article is concluded in analysis of changes in labour legislation of Afghanistan on the base of the International Labour Organization conception of decent work was made in new scientific level. Analysis of current Afghanistan labour legislation changes allows to conclude that the realization of the International Labour Organization conception of decent work led to significant changes first of all in legal regulation of working time and labour protection, legal status of employees has been enlarged by addition of new group of rights and guaranties of its realization, protection function of labour law of Afghanistan has been enhanced, the significant influence of Labour Code of the Russian Federation is appeared in some aspects of legal regulation.

Keywords: conception of decent work, International Labour Organization, labour legislation of Afghanistan, employer. Employee, working time, labour protection, Law on Labour, reform, social protection.

Abstract: The article explores the major stages of the development of the legislation of the CIS member-states which regulates labour protection relations. The author analyses the changes of the approaches towards regulating labour protection in the CIS member-states at different periods of time and argues that there have recently appeared certain discrepancies in the lagal regulation of the said relations in the CIS member-states in spite of the fact that within the CIS there are numerous acts aimed at harmonizing the provisions regulating labour protection relations. The article may be of interest to a wide circle of readers interested in the problems of the legal regulation of labour protection.

Keywords: labour protection, management of labour protection, professional risks.

Abstract: The article presents the results of research of experience of some European countries on the third evaluation round of national criminal and administrative legislation on its conformity with anticorruption standards of the OECD. The deep analysis of recommendations made by the Anticorruption Work Group of the OECD in final evaluation round of legislative expertise of some countries allows to predict the third evaluation round results of the Russian Federation, to have clear image of anticorruption policy of OECD character and to objectively estimate the opportunities of Russia to become a member of this organization. The comparative legal method, system method, prognostic method and documental method were laid down in the base of research. The author also implemented the cybernetic, declarative, linguistic methods and methods of expert inquiry and other scientific methods. The article defines the priorities of anticorruption policy of OECD, offers the comparative analysis of criminal law of European countries through the implementation of the OECD Work Croup recommendations, determines the strategies of Russian criminal legislation development and highlights the importance of creation of unique legal space on the international level for countering corruption.

Keywords: OECD, bribery, illegal gratification, corruption, international cooperation, criminal liability, officer, international organization, sanctions, Convention.

Abstract: Current issues of combating corruption in the People's Republic of China are considered in the article. The author proposes a periodization of combating corruption in China, the comparative analysis of anti-corruption laws of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation and the bodies authorized to fight against corruption in both countries is given. The author concludes that the Russian Federation has already formed a comprehensive legal regulation of combating corruption, so on technicalities the Russian anti-corruption legislation is more developed in comparison with China. At the same time, the author notes the relative success of the Chinese experience in combating corruption and concludes that it is permissible to be used in the Russian Federation.

Keywords: combating corruption, anti-corruption laws, legal regulation, information portal, PRC

Abstract: The following article gives the research of the problem of qualified features of the act of terrorism on the basis of comparative criminal-legal analysis of the article 205 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with the articles determining legal action against terrorism (act of terrorism) of the model criminal code and the criminal code of CIS countries.

Keywords: Terrorism, comparative, criminal, terrorist, act, features, qualification, improvement, interpretation, CIS.

Abstract: The article considers some problems connected with the mediation application as the most requested way of alternative dispute resolutions, as well as the mediation law regulation particularities in the near abroad states – the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Moldova. The problem questions of definition and application of the national law new institution – mediation is corresponding of it’s standards to native’s mental imaginations, negotiating culture definition, public trust to private mediators and court system prestige. Analysis of problems and mediation institute application perspectives related with determination of correlation between mediation and judicial remedy. Improvement of legislative acts about dispute resolution alternative methods, particularly mediation, should be performed in accordance with public necessity of this dispute resolution method. The tendency to dispute resolution in a judicial proceeding stipulates the advisability of providing a legislative framework for this kind of conciliation procedures such as court reconciliation that will assist to increase the reliance of the conflict parts to the dispute resolution procedure, social relationships harmonization.

Keywords: alternative dispute resolution, mediation, principles of mediation, legal conflict, mediation agreement, civil procedure, enforcement proceedings, near abroad states, existing experience of foreign countries, judicial remedy.

Abstract: The review of opinions and reports, which were discussed and adopted on 98th plenary session of the European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission) is presented in the article. The most actual issues which were considered on mentioned session are the Opinion on "Whether the decision taken by the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in Ukraine to organize a referendum on becoming a constituent territory of the Russian Federation or restoring Crimea's 1992 Constitution is compatible with constitutional principles" and the Opinion on "Whether draft Federal Constitutional Law No. 46271–6 of the Russian Federation on the procedure of admission to the Russian Federation and creation of a new subject within the Russian Federation is compatible with international law". Also on the session there were adopted a numerous of opinions concerning the legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Moldova, Montenegro, Kosovo.

Keywords: Venice Commission, Council of Europe, plenary session, opinion, Russian Federation, Crimea, Bosnia and Herzegovina, constitution, draft law, electoral legislation, Moldova

Abstract: The article presented the position of the representatives of the Russian Federation in the European Commission for Democracy through Law on the issue of holding a referendum in the Republic of Crimea on the membership of the Republic of Crimea as a subject of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission), conclusion of the Venice Commission, the Republic of Crimea, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, the referendum, the entry into the Russian Federation.

Abstract: The existing Russian legislation, the domestic legislation of foreign countries and international law define the category "force majeure" in different ways, and also apply different terms to definition of the specified circumstances. In the present article was taken an attempt to make the comparative and legal analysis of the category "force majeure" at different levels of rules of law, based on the current legislation, legal literature and court practice.

Keywords: force majeure, superable force, emergency, civil liability, fortuitous event, UNIDROIT Principles.

Abstract: This article discusses the principle of reasonableness in the European Union; analyzes legal category of " reasonable time", and discusses the key points of the right to trial within a reasonable time in accordance with Article 6 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the ratio is defined with the principle of reasonableness concept of "reasonable time" in Italy, France, Germany and Russia. Defined key stages of reforming civil proceedings in Italy, France, Germany and Russia. Positive ways to overcome a lengthy trial on the example of Germany are highlighted.Author analyzes the jurisprudence of the ECHR and the national courts in Russia.

Keywords: Reasonable duration of the proceedings in the European Union, the principle of reasonableness, the accessibility of the European Court of Human Rights Law " Pinta", the principles of law.