Abstract: The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the historical experience of the participation of gendarmerie police officers in ensuring sanitary order on the railways of the Russian Empire. The purpose of this article is to study measures to prevent the spread of dangerous infectious diseases taken by the railway gendarmerie, both in cooperation with medical and sanitary services, and independently. The object of the study is the historical experience of the official activities of the gendarmerie railway police of the Russian Empire. The subject is the role of gendarmes in ensuring sanitary standards on railways. Along with general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and concretization, the author used historical-systemic and historical-genetic research methods. The theoretical basis of the study, along with the published materials, were the office documents of the gendarmerie railway police, which are stored in the State Archives of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that the ranks of the gendarmerie railway police performed a significant role in ensuring sanitary standards by bypassing the entrusted sites, assisting doctors in veterinary examinations, inspections of premises for the detention of prisoners of war, preventing outbreaks of epidemics on the railways that would pose a threat to the health and life of the population on a global scale.

Keywords: cholera, epizootics, epidemic, sanitary rules, sanitary supervision, transport police, gendarme, railway, quarantine, veterinary inspection

References:
Vasiliev, K. G., Segal, A. E. (1960). History of epidemics in Russia. Moscow: State Publishing House of Medical Literature.
Ganin, V. S. (2010). Historical view on the evolution of cholera infection. Clio, 3(50), 74–80.
Tokarevich, K. N., & Grekova, T. I. (1986). In the footsteps of past epidemics. Leningrad: Lenizdat.
Mamedov, M. K., Kadyrova, A. A. (2014). To the 160th anniversary of the discovery of the cholera vibrio. Cholera and its causative agents – successes in the study for a century and a half. Biomedicine, 1, 23­–27.
Tritenko, E. A. (2015). Problems of sanitary service on railway transport. Eurasian Union of Scientists, 8­­-2(17), 158–161.
Kolpakov, P. A. (2021). On the organization by Count P. A. Kleinmichel of police supervision over the construction of the Saint-Petersburg-Moscow railway. Modern studies of social problems, 13(3-2), 80–87.
Timofeev, L

Abstract: The subject of the study is the Council of Curators of Suburban Palace Museums. In mid-1918, under the People's Commissariat of Education, the Council of Suburban Leaders was created in order to consolidate efforts to transform the royal residences into museums. The guardians of Peterhof, Tsarskoe Selo, Gatchina, and Pavlovsk palaces decided at meetings numerous issues regarding the future of the royal palaces. The author examines in detail such aspects as the problems of the daily activities of the suburbs, reforms in the management of palace-museums. Particular attention is paid to the following areas of the Council's activities: the authorities' claims to the property of former residences, personnel issues, problems of financing, security, etc. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of historicism, objectivism and systematic scientific analysis. The main conclusion of the study is the determining role of the Council in relation to state policy to create a unified management body for palaces and museums. The Council was a platform for expressing the public position of representatives of the intelligentsia. The curators openly discussed with cultural officials about the future structure of the palace-museums. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt has been made to analyze the activities of the Council of Curators of Suburban Palaces and Museums. Despite the lack of authority to make independent decisions, the Council was able to prove to the authorities the need to separate palace-museums into a separate group of art-historical organizations. And also achieve the creation of a separate government body to centralize the management of the suburbs.

Keywords: Gatchina, Tsarskoe Selo, Peterhof, imperial residences, palace museum, royal palaces, Council of Guardians, public opinion, Leningrad, Petrograd

References:
Bott, I. K. (2005). G. K. Lukomsky – keeper of the Tsarskoye Selo past Guardians. Materials of the XI Tsarskoye Selo Scientific Conference. St. Petersburg: State Museum-Reserve «Tsarskoe Selo», 188-203.
Zelenyanskaya, Y. V. (2023). Museum history in archival documents. On the issue of the activities of the Peterhof Palace Administration (Administration of the Peterhof Palace Museums) in 1917-1924. Museums of Russia as the forefront of defense of national culture in the 20th-early 21st centuries. Village Mikhailovskoye: Pushkinsky State Museum-Reserve, 126-150.
Zubov, V. P. (2004) The difficult years of Russia: Memories of the revolution (1917–1925). Moscow.
Kalnitskaya, E. Y. (2019). The time of the first ... The century of restoration of suburban palaces: tragedy and triumph. St. Petersburg: State Museum-Reserve «Peterhof», 20-36.
The Central state archive of literature and art of St. Petersburg, f. r-36, op. 1, d. 205, 1924 g.
Melnikova, N. V. (2005).

Abstract: The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the historical experience of police protection of postal institutions by the ranks of gendarmerie police departments of railways in the Russian Empire. The purpose of this article is to study the main measures that were implemented by the gendarmerie police to ensure the safety of postal transportation by rail, as well as the disclosure of the tactics of intruders who committed daring robberies on mail trains. The object of the study is the historical experience of the official activities of the gendarmerie railway police of the Russian Empire. The subject is the police protection of the activities of the post office within the railways by gendarmes. Following the fundamental principles of historicism, comprehensiveness and objectivity formed the methodological basis of the study. During the research, the author relied on the apparatus of general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, concretization. The use of special historical research methods made it possible to reveal the content of the process of police protection of postal items from criminal encroachments within the domestic railways: from the standpoint of the historical-systematic method, the gendarmerie service is understood as an integral complex of interrelated measures; the historical-genetic method made it possible to form a detailed description of the main features of the railway gendarmes service in terms of the protection of postal goods.

Keywords: escort, criminal gang, train robbery, mail train, post office, transport police, gendarme, Police Department, railway, identifying informers

References:
Vigilev, A.N. (1979). History of the Russian post. Part 2. Moscow: Svyaz, 1979.
Anisimov, E.V. (2014). The history of a crime. Mail robbery in the XIX century. Scientific works, 31, 87­–101.
Adrianov, S. A. (Ed.). (1901). Ministry of Internal Affairs. 1802-1902 Vol. 3. Appendix 2. Mail and telegraph in the XIX century: historical essay. St. Petersburg: Printing House of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Kolpakov, P. A. (2021). Discussion on railway transport as a strategic basis for the state development of Russia in the 30-40s of the XIX century. Manuscript, 14–2, 251–257.
State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF). F. 126. Op. 1. D. 49.
Gosteva, S. S. (2010). Protection of valuables, mail and art workers transported by railways of Russia (late XIX – early XX century). Eurasian Forum, 1, 42–50.
GARF. F. 126. Op. 1. D. 75.
GARF. F. 767. Op. 1. D. 99.
Central State Archive of the City of Moscow. F. 1286. Op

Abstract: The subject of the study is the process of formation of management education in Soviet times. The search for new solutions in production management in the conditions of post-war reconstruction and adaptation of industry to the conditions of NTR. Development of the fundamentals of domestic management science, introduction of automated control systems at industrial enterprises of the Soviet Union. Solving problems related to new industries and training qualified personnel for all sectors of the national economy. The creation of the first textbooks and manuals on management, the organization of research laboratories at enterprises, the creation of a Research Laboratory (NIL MGSNH) and the opening of the first information and computing center in the USSR at the Ordzhonikidze Moscow Institute of Engineering and Economics.
The object of the research is the contribution of Igor Nikolaevich Kuznetsov to the development of the foundations of managerial education in the conditions of the socialist economic system and the scientific and technical revolution. His work is in the field of scientific organization of production management, evaluation of efficiency at enterprises of different industrial purposes, improvement of the internal structure of the enterprise, development of theoretical problems of management of socialist industrial production and in the field of research of patterns of economic development of socialist industrial enterprises. The basic principles of the introduction and operation of automated control systems are considered separately, the practice of improving the training of personnel in the field of industrial production management is shown by connecting industry enterprises and universities on a research basis.

Keywords: development of management science, production management functions, production management, scientific organization of labor, State University of Management, management, domestic management education, Kozlova Olympiada Vasilyevna, Kuznetsov Igor Nikolaevich, shopless production

References:
Kostrikov S.P. Formation and development of management education in Russia. XIII – early XX centuries – Moscow: GUU, 2010.
Materials about the life and scientific and teaching activities of I.N. Kuznetsov are taken from the archive of the State University of Management and the Museum of GUU. (GUU Archive, list No. 86, inventory 8L/s, storage unit 3899).
Scientific foundations of production management / Textbook.-M.: "Economics", 1969, p. 5.
Kuznetsov I.N. Bestsekhovoe management of industrial enterprises (on the example of mechanical engineering) // Materials for the All-Union scientific and technical conference "Problems of scientific organization of management of socialist industry" Section No. 2 "Organization of industrial production management".-Lyubertsy: "VINITI Production and Publishing Combine", 1966, pp. 331-351.
Methodology and organization of production management / Textbook.-M.: "Economics", 1973, pp. 44-62.
Methodology and organization of production management / Textbook.-M.:

Abstract: The research subject is the trip of judges of the peace to the districts in the Yakutsk region in their communicative space in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. The object is the communication practice related to the development of judicial proceedings in the Yakutsk region in the period specified. The trips to the sections in the communicative space of justices of the peace are analyzed. The research follows the methodological principles of the frontier modernization approach of I. V. Poberezhnikov, the one commonly used for the analysis of the peripheral regions of the Russian Empire. The comparative-historical method, revealing cause-and-effect relationships and patterns of the historical process, is used as a cognitive tool. The scholarly novelty of the study is that for the first time in the national historiography, the magistrates’ court proceedings are studied specifically in the context of communication space in the North-East of the Russian Empire in the late 19th − early 20th century. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion is made that, during the period under review, overland communications and summonses for magistrates of the Yakutia region served as the main communication channel in the judicial proceedings. In Yakutia, given that overland communications were seasonal, magistrates rarely traveled to certain inaccessible areas. In addition, frequent trips to vast areas of judges of the peace led to the fact that they practically did not have time to hide all the mail received during their absence, which became one of the reasons for the slowdown in legal proceedings. During their trips, magistrates could use any suitable premises for court proceedings as a temporary chamber.

Keywords: Yakut Oblast, appellate court, district court, post house, trip, volost administration, overland communications, postroad, communicative space, magistrate's court

References:
Adonieva I.G. Judicial transformations in Western Siberia in the late XIX-early XX centuries. in the assessments of the local legal intelligentsia: Abstract of the thesis. dis. ... cand. ist. Sciences. Novosibirsk, 2008.-24 p.
Alekseev V.V. Frontier Modernization in Imperial Russia // Bulletin of YUURGU. Series "Social and Humanitarian Sciences". 2017, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 6–13.
Annensky N.F. Chronicle of the inner life. Judicial reform in Siberia // Russian wealth. 1896. No. 6. pp. 165–179.
Anuchin V.N. On the Decade of Judicial Reform in Siberia // Sibirskaya Zhizn. 1907. July 1st.
Arkhipova A.I. On the issue of introducing the institute of justices of the peace in the Yakutsk region (end of the 19th century) // News of the Irkutsk State University. Series "History". 2012. No. 1 (2). pp. 112–117.
Borisov A.A. Foreign self-government // History of Yakutia: in 3 volumes. Vol. II. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2021, pp. 101–107.
Weisman R.L. Notes on Judicial Reform in Siberia // Tomsk Listok. 189

Abstract: The article deals with the problem of institutionalization of ethnic policy in the USSR and the RSFSR, namely, the process of creating state institutions for its implementation in 1989-1991. The main purpose of the work is to identify the reasons for the creation of the Goskomnats of the USSR and the Goskomnats of the RSFSR, as well as to analyze the specific features of their further status. The main research methods are historical-genetic and historical-systemic, the use of which allows analyzing the information received from historical-institutional positions. The research is based on the provisions of institutional theory, according to which the process of institutionalization reflects important features of the development of the public administration system as a whole. The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that the study of the process of institutionalization of ethnic policy in the USSR and the RSFSR allows us to obtain new information about the measures taken by the leadership of the USSR and the RSFSR in the field of ethnic policy. The novelty of the study is based on the fact that the Goskomnats of the USSR and the Goskomnats of the RSFSR have not previously acted as an independent subject of research. The main conclusion of the study indicates that the process of creating the Goskomnats of the USSR and the Goskomnats of the RSFSR reflects different approaches to the institutionalization of ethnic policy. If the Goskomnats of the USSR could not become an effective state institute of ethnic policy of the USSR, then the Goskomnats of the RSFSR became such, having survived the collapse of the USSR and having existed until the beginning. In the 2000s, while participating in solving many problems of regulating interethnic relations in the RSFSR (Russia). Such a difference in the fate of the two state institutions is due to the fact that the leadership of the USSR reacted to the creation of the Goskomnats of the USSR very formally, showing little interest in its future fate, and the leadership of the RSFSR was able to realize the importance of creating the Goskomnats of the RSFSR, as a result of which it supported him in his future activities.

Keywords: Interethnic relations, Perestroika, the RSFSR, Goskomnats of the USSR, Goskomnats of the RSFSR, the USSR, the collapse of the USSR, state institutions, institutionalization, ethnic policy

References:
Zorin V.Yu. National policy of the Russian state in the XX - early XXI century: textbook for undergraduate and graduate students. Moscow, Urayt Publ., 2019. 251 p.
Musayeva S.M. The national question in the cultural policy of Russia in the era of Perestroika // News of higher educational institutions. North Caucasian region. Social Sciences, 2019, no. 4 (204). pp. 64-69.
Shcherbak A.N., Gerina Ya.Ya., Berdyuzhenko D.A., Mendygalieva A.B., Zaitseva A.V. The influence of foreign policy on the national policy of the USSR // Politia, 2017, no. 3 (86). pp. 99-116.
Beisenbin K.A., Beisenbina T.A. Problems of resolving interethnic conflicts in the USSR // Ethnosociety and international culture, 2016, no. 6 (96). pp. 82-86.
Khismatullin I.R. Ethnic policy in the Russian Federation: the phenomenon of nationalism and methods of its regulation // Anthro, 2015, no. 2 (17). pp. 122-132.
Sikevich Z.V. The Contradictions of Soviet Nationality Policy: An Expert's Reflections // Bulletin of St. Petersburg

Abstract: The article describes the reasons for the creation of the department of centralized provision of troops, decisions taken at the stages of the formation of the Provision Order, local management bodies of the armed forces. From the very beginning, the organizational principles of the new department were also defined. This step was due to the need to centralize the supply of food to the army and navy, as well as the creation of a special management and control body for the activities of local food authorities. The article also tells about the work of the proviantmasters - the first administrators of the food department, about the activities of the Provision Commissions and their contribution to the development of the army supply system. During the formation of the Provision Order, many different decisions were made on this problem. As a result of the study, the processes that formed a new department for the Russian state were identified. The sources of the article are mainly archival materials of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA), as well as literary sources. During the creation of the Provision Service, the main tasks that the department faced, including the military, were highlighted — the formation of a provision corps, the construction of military structures, the formation of food establishments, the provision of food for troops, the formation of food warehouses and the provision of soldiers' food.

Keywords: regular army, Proviantmaster General, forage, rear, The Northern War, Provisions order, Peter I, The Russian Empire, provinces, fleet

References:
Instruktsiya polkovniku, kak emu postupat' s opredelennymi platel'shchikami na paek i zemskim komissarom. – SPb. Pechatano pri Senate. 1725. S. 64-71.
Solov'ev N.I. Istoricheskie ocherki ustroystva i dovol'stviya russkikh regulyarnykh voysk v pervoy polovine XVIII stoletiya (1700-1761).-SPb.: Tipogr. Trenke i Fyusno, 1900. S. 70-89.
RGADA. Kniga zapisey imennykh ukazov Petra I. 1700. S. 14.
Stoletie Voennogo ministerstva – Glavnoe intendantskoe upravlenie. S. 12-15.
Marchenko I.Ya. Priemy razresheniya voenno-administrativnykh voprosov. //Intendantskiy zhurnal.-1901. № 2. C. 29.
Karpushchenko S.V. Byt russkoy armii XVIII – nachala XX veka.-M.: Voenizdat, 1999. C. 13-64.
Kersnovskiy A.A. Istoriya russkoy armii. T.1.-M.: Golos, 1992. C. 19
Durov I.G. Nekotorye aspekty istorii stanovleniya i razvitiya prodovol'stvennogo obespecheniya lichnogo sostava morskoy pekhoty i sukhoputnykh voysk, podchinennykh Admiralteystv – Kollegii v pervoy chetverti XVIII v. C. 53
Vinogradov V.I. Razvitie voyskovogo khozyaystva.-Khar'kov.: Tipogr. VKh

Abstract: Leaning on the archival materials, this article examines the work of the Prosecutor's Office of Khakass Autonomous Oblast in the 1960s, as well as highlights positive and negative aspects therein. The object of this research is the Soviet Prosecutor's Office. The subject is the activity of the Prosecutor's Office of Khakass Autonomous Oblast in the 1960s. Archival sources contain meeting protocols, briefing notes on the work of city and district prosecutor's offices of Khakass Autonomous Oblast, internal reports on the work of the prosecutor's office, etc. The article employs the historical-comparative method for studying the types of activity of district prosecutor’s offices of Khakass Autonomous Oblast and criminal situation in these districts; quantitative methods for tracing the amount of crime, percentage ratio, number of cases, etc.; systemic-functional method for consideration of tasks faced by the prosecutor's office. The main types of activity in the 1960’s indicate oversight activity, crime prevention, legal propaganda, monitoring the execution of the decrees of the Prosecutor General of the Soviet Union, participation of the prosecutors in court hearings, consideration and resolution of citizens’ complaints.

Keywords: struggle against crime, supervisory activities, supervision, Khakass Autonomous Region, prosecutors, procuracy, legal propaganda, investigation, crimes, criminality

References:
GKU RKh «Natsional'nyy arkhiv». F. R-50. Op. 1. D. 16.
GKU RKh «Natsional'nyy arkhiv». F. R-50. Op. 1. D. 52.
GKU RKh «Natsional'nyy arkhiv». F. R-50. Op. 1. D. 53

Abstract: The subject of this research is the Yekaterinburg division of judicial and county during the 1735–1740. Despite the fact that any institution of the XVIII consisted of chancellery and presence, attention is focused on the analysis of the composition of “judges” – presence of the division throughout six years of its existence. The goal of the article is to determine the dynamics of changes in the composition of judges of the institution, which revealed the peculiarities of human resource policy in the Ural local administration in the mid XVIII century. The research relies on the documentary sources stored in the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region, primarily minutes record books of minutes of the division of judicial and country affairs for the indicated period that contain information on the composition of officials in panel sessions of the institution. In this regard, the methods of research have become the methods of source research. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that reconstruction of the composition of presence of the regional administrations of the XVIII century are virtually absent. For the most part, they pertain to the time of major judicial and administrative transformations of the first and last quarters of the XVIII century. The institutions vested with judicial powers that existed in the second and third quarters of the XVIII century usually are do not receive due attention. In the course of analysis of the documentary materials, the conclusion is made on instability in the composition of the division of judicial and county affairs. The members of the presence rarely met in full, and the seat of the “chief magistrate” often lied vacant. All members were military servants with regular assignments, which was unrelated to their work in the department. The clerks remained the main driving force in the judicial process.

Keywords: judges, militarymen, chancellery, History of State, Russian Empire, History of the Urals, Russian History, Tatishchev, minute books, Ekaterinburg

References:
Akel'ev E. V. Povsednevnaya zhizn' vorovskogo mira Moskvy vo vremena Van'ki Kaina. M.: Molodaya gvardiya, 2012. 413 s.
Akishin M. O. O provedenii sudebnoy reformy Petra Velikogo v Sibiri // Problemy istorii gosudarstvennogo upravleniya i mestnogo samoupravleniya v Sibiri XVI–XXI vv.: Materialy VI Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii. Novosibirsk: NGUEU, 2006. S. 126–139.
Akishin M. O. Rossiyskiy absolyutizm i upravlenie Sibiri XVIII veka: struktura i sostav gosudarstvennogo apparata. M.; Novosibirsk: Drevlekhranilishche, 2003. 408 s.
Amantaev I. F. Bashkirskoe vosstanie 1739–1740 gg. Diss. … k.i.n. Ufa, 2012. 207 s.
Anisimov E. V. Dyba i knut. Politicheskiy sysk i russkoe obshchestvo v XVIII veke. M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 1999. 720 s.
Borodina E. V. Sudebnaya reforma Petra I na Urale i v Zapadnoy Sibiri. Ekaterinburg: Bank kul'turnoy informatsii, 2012. 308 s.
Veretennikov V. I. Iz istorii Taynoy kantselyarii. 1731-1762 g.: Ocherki. Khar'kov: tip. i lit. M. Zil'berberg i synov'ya, 1911. 124 s.
Veretennikov V

Abstract: The subject of this research is the development of theoretical representations on the mechanism of public administration in Russia of the XVIII century. The goal is to determine in the texts of draft reforms prepared by Count P. I. Shuvalov the provisions on the objectives and principles of public administration, as well as to analyze his views on the process of reforming state and social institutions. In the texts of P. I. Shuvalov examines such elements of public administration theory as the administrative objectives, its subject matter, instruments, and administrative decision-making process. It allowed establishing correlation between the two concepts: “the good of the state” and “the common good”, as the goals pursued by public administration. The formulated by Shuvalov principles of public administration fully corresponded to the principles advanced by the philosophers of the European Enlightenment. The conducted analysis decision-making mechanism reveals a universal algorithm, which implies several stages of development of the reforms: a) outlining the problem that needs to be solved using the instruments of public administration ; b) determining the causes of this problem; c) proposing solution to the problem, d) discussing the proposed solution, indicating the instruments that need to be implemented by the state.

Keywords: common good, Shuvalov, state, history of managerial thought, history of public administration, history of Russia, the reign of Elizabeth, XVIIII century, history of political thought, governance

References:
Chirskova I. M. Byt imperatorskogo dvora, voprosy nravstvennosti i blagotvoritel'nost' v kul'turnoy politike Elizavety Petrovny // Vestnik RGGU. Seriya: Literaturovedenie. Yazykoznanie. Kul'turologiya. 2019. № 5. S. 66-84.
Troitskiy S. M. Russkiy absolyutizm i dvoryanstvo. Formirovanie byurokratii. M.: Nauka. 1984. 394 s.16 Fursenko V. V. Shuvalov P.I. // Russkiy biograficheskiy slovar'. T. 23. Spb. 1911. S. 490-503.
Solov'ev S. M. Sochineniya v 18 knigakh. Kn. XI. M.: Mysl' 1993. 620 s.
Smotritskaya I. I. Strategicheskie podkhody k povysheniyu effektivnosti institutov gosudarstvennogo upravleniya // ETAP: ekonomicheskaya teoriya, analiz, praktika. 2018. № 1. S. 45-60.
Rubinshteyn N. L. Ulozhennaya komissiya 1754–1766 gg. i ee proekt novogo Ulozheniya «O sostoyanii poddannykh voobshche» // Istoricheskie zapiski. M., 1951. T. 38. S. 208-251.
Shmidt S. O. Vnutrennyaya politika Rossii ser. XVIII v. // Voprosy istorii. 1987. № 3. S. 42-58.
Fursenko V. V. Shuvalov P.I. // Russkiy biograficheskiy slovar'. T. 23. Spb. 1911. S. 490-503.