Citations count: 16
Reference:
Zipunnikova N., Zipunnikova Y. —
Juridical education as an intersection of law, culture, interests of individuals, society and state (thoughts prompted by the new edition of “Yaschuk T. F. Juridical education in the highest school: textbook. – Omsk: Publisher Om. Gos. Un-ta, 2014. – 312 p.”)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 4.
– P. 508 - 534.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.4.15659 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=15659
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Abstract:
In this article the author reviews the textbook by T. F. Yaschuk “Juridical education in the highest school”, in which the author examines historical, theoretical, comparative, and applied aspects of preparing juridical personnel. An assessment is given to the phenomenon of European university with law faculty, traditions of Russian juridical education, as well the difficulties of realization of the positions of Bologna process. The author notes the positive aspects of studying foreign experience in the area of highest juridical education, and demonstrates the special significance of state regulation of preparation of jurists and social-state partnership in this sphere. Accent is made on the importance of theoretical analysis of didactical problems within the highest juridical school, as well as new requirements set before the scientific-pedagogical staff. The broadness of the spectrum of problems presented by T. F. Yaschuk contributes to the more objective, panoramic vision of the state and benefits of development of the highest juridical education. Such approach prompts reasoning on the trends of development of the system of education of professional juridical personnel in the conditions of globalization, making this work useful not only for master’s degree seekers, post-graduate students, and educators of juridical disciplines, but also to specialists in the theory and history of juridical education.
Citations count: 9
Reference:
Roshchevskaya L.P. —
Geneticist P.F. Rokitsky in the history of the Komi branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1949-1957)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 7.
– P. 105 - 121.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.7.23255 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=23255
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Abstract:
The subject of the research is scientific and scientific-organizational activity of the well-known geneticist P.F. Rokitsky in the years of forced stay in Syktyvkar in 1949-1957. The earlier unknown facts allow revealing the scale and nature of his project, pedagogical, educational and scientific-editorial activities. His influence on the formation and development of the Komi research team of the Komi branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences is demonstrated. The author examines these facts of the biography of the scientist as participation in the development of several large complex scientific problems, including the organization of work on radiobiology. Methodological basis of the research is the basic principles of modern historical science – historicism and scientific objectivity, as well as scientific methods: source analysis and synthesis, description, the construction of analogies. The main contribution of the author consists in finding out the objective results of P. F. Rokitsky activities with regards to development of the team of the Komi – branch of the USSR, from the perspective of sociology of science. Based on the archive documents the author first analyzed the energetic scientific and organizational and pedagogical activities of P. F. Rokitsky in the Komi branch of the USSR. Identified data prove that the P. F. Rokitsky very quickly got high authority in the team. He made a significant contribution to the study of animal husbandry in the Komi ASSR and the formation of radiobiological research. The study of the documents of the Scientific Archive of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences allowed to find several large unpublished work by P. F. Rokitsky. Practically, P. F. Rokitsky encouraged Syktyvkar research team towards the "production of knowledge" that allows demonstrating the social position and role of the scientist.
Citations count: 8
Reference:
Egorov N.Y. —
Russian police science in persons: Ivan Trofimovich Tarasov
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 6.
– P. 801 - 812.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.6.16396 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16396
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the relevant part of the theoretical-legal heritage of the renowned Russian jurist Ivan Trofimovich Tarasov (1849-1929); establishment and evolution of his state legal views; Tarasov’s concepts in the area of domestic administration of the Russian Empire. The article gives characteristics to the scholar’s contribution into the development of the theory of police and administrative law, as well as I. T. Tarasov’s outlook upon the problems of law enforcement activity, the essence of administrative enforcement, as well as the prospects of establishment of the institution of administrative justice in Russia. Scientific novelty consists first and foremost in the fact that complex problematic-theoretical reconstruction and interpretation of the theoretica-legal heritage of I. T. Tarasov has not been executed within the historical legal science until today. I. T. Tarasov not only determines the problems of the domestic government administration, which found reflection in his works, but also proposed ways and means for their solution. Scholar’s works significantly affected the development of the Russian jurisprudence of the late XIX-early XX centuries and remain relevant under the modern circumstances.
Citations count: 7
Reference:
Kozinnikova E. —
Russian police science in persons: Vladimir Matveevich Gessen
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 6.
– P. 96 - 107.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.6.17901 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17901
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the relevant part of the theoretical-legal heritage of the prominent Russian jurist of the late XIX – early XX century – Vladimir Matveevich Gessen (1868-1920). The article characterizes the scholar’s contribution into the development of the theory of legal state, as well as examines Gessen’s views upon the importance of transition from the police state to legal state and correlation between the notions of “legal state” and “constitutional state”. The author also reviews Gessen’s outlook upon parliamentarism as the key factor of establishment of the legal state; administrative position of justice as the assurance of adherence to the subjective public rights; and ideas about the security of a person as a component of national security. The subject and method of the research, as well as the positioning of the research problem define the scientific novelty. An attempt is made of the problem-theoretical reconstruction and interpretation of the theoretical-legal heritage of the Russian police scientist V. M. Gessen; this topic has not been subjected to comprehensive analysis until the present time.
Citations count: 7
Reference:
Gevorkian D.S. —
Russian police science in persons: Vladimir Fedorovich Deryuzhinsky
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 6.
– P. 813 - 827.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.6.16395 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16395
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the relevant part of the theoretical-legal heritage of the renowned Russian jurist Vladimir Fedorovich Deryuzhinsky (1861-1920); establishment and evolution of his state legal views; realization of the developed by him concepts in the area of improving the regulation of public relations in the early XX century. This article characterizes the scholar’s contribution into the development of the theory of police (administrative) law, his outlook upon the problems of realization of the social function of the government, as well as on the questions of care about poor and prevention of the behavior deviation. The author attempts the problematic-theoretical reconstruction and interpretation of the theoretical-legal heritage of V. F. Deryuzhinsky, which did not have a place within the historical-legal science until today. The study of Deryuzhinsky’s experience and public activity can encourage the search for the effective solutions to the problems of social control over the deviations within the public life, as well as the development of optimal models of prevention of such problem of society in the modern world.
Citations count: 7
Reference:
Shamparov A.I. —
About Numbers, Literally
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2014. – ¹ 1.
– P. 78 - 103.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2014.1.8117 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=8117
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Abstract:
The article presents the results of the research of a problem of the invention of the Cyrillic alphabet – contains the short historical background, analyzes a graphic component of a phenomenon of formation of alphabetic and tsifirny writing in Russia and offers and illustrates the version differing from existing by completeness and visual unambiguity.The version gives the exact answer to a question: why our letters on the tracing the such. It reveals that circumstance that graphemes of letters and figures are related, and so, there is a right to believe one phenomenon generation and development of another. Making a start from the fact of minimization of a set of elements of any digital sign and the general completeness of a digital row as closed system, the version determines tsifirny graphemes by legislative base (style) in logic of construction new, alphabetic. Using a priority, most extended, duodecimal digital order as shows research, inventors of the alphabet designed a sign for a necessary sound and their necessary quantity by means of the minimum transformations of graphemes to the affiliated. I fell work of creation of three new, truly Russian signs to lot of authors of Cyrillics; value of the last in many respects key, and in article about it is told separately. Authors knew or opened for itself a code of the European alphabets, - a question insignificant and not large-scale in the light of globality of consequences carried out by them. It is important to us who in many respects have lost communication with meanwhile, to be sure that the creation of the minds which have created so perfect system, - and Cyrillics certainly such is, - isn't inexplicable spontaneous, but on the contrary: in each detail it is reasonable, logical, strong.
The method, in a popular statement of research a little polemic, occurs from that circumstance that interest to so important problem didn't lead while to clear idea of it though to permission her experts of the different directions there is many approach attempts. The offered material by definition and also because touches on issues of history of creation of the Latin directly connected with the Russian Cyrillic alphabet, can't have any accurately outlined and, especially, limited address or quantitative audience. Reference of this subject to sections of Historical researches or Pedagogics and educations will be also pertinent, as well as to the section Culture and art.
Citations count: 6
Reference:
Kozinnikova E. —
State of exception as special legal regime (experience of analysis of the normative acts and works of police scientists of the Russian Empire of the end of XIX – beginning of the XX century)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 11.
– P. 87 - 95.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.11.22543 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22543
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the special legal regime established in the Russian Empire in the end of XIX – beginning of the XX century that was entitled as the state of exception by the police scientists. The author analyzes the normative act, based on which was functioning the state of exception – “Ordinance on Measures for the Preservation of the State Order and Public Tranquility” of 14 August 1881. State of exception is characterized as the means of neutralization of the emergency sociopolitical situation and political preventative measures of revolutionary threat to the existing government structure. The article determines the contribution of the Russian police science into development of the theory of special regimes. The author provides characteristics to the legal norms that manifest as the foundation for imposing the state of exception in the Russian Empire of the indicated timeframe, as well as identifies the differences between the positions of increased security and special security. Attention is given to the analysis of the works of Russian police scientist V. M. Gessen, who provides characteristic to the essence and meaning of the state of exception, as well as assessment of the results of imposing the positions of increased security and special security in the Russian Empire. A conclusion is made that the long-term use of the special regime as the means of neutralization of the emergency sociopolitical situation and political preventative measures is not efficient.
Citations count: 6
Reference:
Shamak S.A. —
Russian police science in persons: Eduard Nikolaevich Berendts
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 6.
– P. 828 - 843.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.6.16389 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16389
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the relevant part of the theoretical-legal heritage of the renowned Russian jurist Eduard Nikolaevich Berendts (1860-1830). This article gives characteristics to the contribution of the scholar into the development of theory of the police (administrative) law and reviews his outlook upon the regularities of transition from police law to administrative law, upon the problem of determination of methodological foundations of the science of administrative law and its systematization. The author examines E. D. Berendts’ ideas on the regularities of evolution of the system of government authorities, as well as efficiency of the work of the central and local administration and peculiarities of functioning of the government apparatus of Finland as a constituent of the Russian Empire. The author attempts a promplematic-theoretical reconstruction and interpretation of the theroretical-legal heritage of the Russian police scientist E. N. Berendts, which until the current times was not subjected to the comprehensive analysis.
Citations count: 6
Reference:
Chukaev T.O. —
Russian police science represented by: Vasily Nikolaevich Leshkov
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 6.
– P. 84 - 95.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.6.17909 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17909
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the relevant part of the theoretical-legal heritages of the renowned Russian legal expert of the XIX century – Vasily Nikolaevich Leshkov (1810-1881); establishment and evolution of Leshkov’s state-legal views, as well as his theory of public law. The article gives characteristics to the scholar’s contribution into the development of the theory of police (administrative) law, views upon the peculiarities of the Russian national legal system, essence of the Russian foundations of law, and mechanism of regulation of public relations. The subject and method of research, as well as positioning of the research problem define the scientific novelty. The author makes an attempt of the problem-theoretical reconstruction and interpretation of the theoretical-legal heritage of the Russian police scientist V. N. Leshkov, focusing attention on his study of the questions regarding the role of society within the system of government administration. Until the present time Leshkov’s theoretical heritage did not undergo complex analysis, as the formulated by the scholar concepts did lose their relevance.
Citations count: 6
Reference:
Shamak S.A. —
E. N. Berendts on police status in the police and legal state
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 6.
– P. 149 - 161.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.6.21066 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=21066
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the relevant part of the theoretical-legal heritage of the accomplished Russian legal expert of the late XIX – early XX century, professor of financial law – Eduard NIkolaevich Berendts (1860-1930). Special attention is given to the views of E. N. Berendts upon the police status, place of police within the mechanism of police state, role of the police agencies in the legal state; importance of the Constitution in ensuring and adherence to the legitimacy in the process of realization by the police of its main functions. The scientific novelty is defined by the absence within the Russian and foreign legal science of the comprehensive research dedicated to the theoretical heritage of E. N. Berendts. The author uses the works of the scholar that have not been previously translated into the Russian language, as well as the archive materials originally introduced into the scientific discourse. The work is the first to examine the views of E. N. Berendts upon the role and place of the police in the legal state, importance of the normative consolidation of the powers of police officers, role of the Constitution in regulation of the police activity in legal state.
Citations count: 5
Reference:
Nizhnik N.S. —
Omnipotence of the police state in assessment of the Russian police science
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 11.
– P. 67 - 86.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.11.24883 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24883
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the theoretical heritage of the Russian police scientists, who assumed that the police stat will be able to reach such level of socioeconomic development that an individual will not experience any material or spiritual needs. The essence of the police state was not reduced to compulsion or violence. At the same time, the implementation of the project of police state, the achievements of which became the lack of freedom and personal sacrifice to the state for the sake of the common good, practically led the society to stagnation. The article examines the ideas of the Russian police scientists, which encouraged the emergence of a new outlook upon the purpose of the state that consisted in providing triumph in the legal state, ensuring each one with the sphere of personal freedom, and restricting omnipotence of the state with legal norms. The author gives characteristics to the Russian police-legal thought in the context of analyzing the omnipotence (supreme power) of the police state. Theoretical construct of the police stat was built in accordance with the desire to make life on each individual decent, as well as achieve common good and national happiness. In practice, the means for achieving the goal of the police state consisted in development of the all-encompassing police activity, exhaustive regulation of people’s life, meticulous oversight by government agencies of the needs and interests of the citizens. Theory of the police state has an important historical meaning: within its framework has begun the process of comprehending the questions regarding the limitation of omnipotence of the police state and determination of the effective means of preservation and protection of personal rights and freedoms.
Citations count: 4
Reference:
Dyemina Y.V. —
Modern national historiography of famine of 1891-1892
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 4.
– P. 85 - 94.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.4.25810 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25810
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the opinions and assessments, main vectors and achievements of the modern Russian scholars on separate aspects of examination of famine of 1891-1892: factors, scale, demographic consequences, role of nonprofit organizations and government in elimination of aftermath of the famine, questions of food supply of the population. The object of this research is the entirety of the published historiographical sources on the topic, including scientific articles, synopses, dissertations and monographs. The author notes that at the turn of 1990-2000’s were determined the new vectors of research on the debatable questions of famine of 1891-1892; the “archival fever” of the late 1990’s expanded the problematic of examination of famine and complemented the research frame with new sources. The scientific novelty consists in carrying out a comprehensive scientific analysis of the views of modern national historians regarding the debatable questions of famine of 1891-1892. In the course of this work, an attempt was made to systematize the recent scientific results of the national scholars on the problems of famine of 1891-1892. The analysis of scientific works allowed concluding on the low attention of the modern Russian agrarian historians towards the territorial peculiarities of famine; primarily are studied the agricultural regions of Russia. At the present time there is a lack of extensive and fundamental studies of the Russian scholars on the problem of famine.
Citations count: 4
Reference:
Shapkina E.A. —
Modern Russian and Foreign Internet Resources of Official Archives as a Source for Studying History of the Russian State of the Late XXth - Early XXIst Centuries
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 1.
– P. 18 - 35.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.1.13750 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=13750
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Abstract:
Researches of Russian history of the 'epoch of changes' are rather difficult as a result of insufficient theory and methodology as well as paradoxical features of the database which is insufficient, having many gaps and at the same time excessive. Taking into account that the breakdown of the USSR and development of a new Russian state were the key processes of that period, one of the most important sources of information about those events are official documents of state authorities. The subject of the present research is the analysis and evaluation of Russian and foreign official Internet archive resources as a source for studying history of the Russian statehood of the late XXth - early XXIst centuries. To achieve the research objectives the author has applied the systems, comparative-historical, comparative-legal, structural-functional approaches and methods of induction, formalisation, systematisation and other analytical methods. The author has analyzed the largest Russian Internet archives as well as a number of foreign resources containing original digital documents on history of the USSR and Russia of the late XXth - early XXIst centuries and concludes that these digital resources have a great potential and high scientific value as a source of original historical information.
Citations count: 4
Reference:
Dergileva S.Y. —
Russian police science in persons: Arkadiy Ivanovich Elistratov
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 6.
– P. 844 - 859.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.6.16394 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16394
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the relevant part of the theoretical-legal heritage of the renowned Russian jurist Arkadiy Ivanovich Elistratov (1872-1955); the establishment and evolution of his state legal outlooks; his vews upon the essence of the government administration; realization of the developed by A. I. Elistratov projects of government reformations in the Russian state in the early XX century; assessment of the A. I. Elistratov views by the contemporaries and the scholars of the XXI century. For the first time within the historical legal science, the problematic-theoretical reconstruction and interpretation of the theoretical-legal heritage of A. I. Elistratov is carried out. There is no possible way to form the new approaches towards the fundamental problems of the legal theory without taking into account the creative heritage of the prominent Russian jurists, among which is A. I. Elistratov. His works represent such scientific potential that can contribute into determination of the vectors of the state legal development of Russia, as well as the development of the modern juridical science towards the consolidation of the priority of human rights, and recognition of their leading role in modernization of the legal system of the nation.
Citations count: 4
Reference:
Kodan S.V. —
Methodology of historical-legal source studies: goal orientations, functional focus, level of organization of cognitive resources
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 12.
– P. 67 - 80.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.12.28474 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=28474
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Abstract:
This article presents the original perspective on the fundamental problems of understanding of goal orientations, functional designation, and methodological structure of the historical-legal source studies. Leaning on the general philosophical comprehension of methodology and the approaches towards definition of methodology in the historical source studies and legal science, the author focuses attention of the place, role and peculiarities of methodology as the tool for studying the carries of state legal information. Attention is also given to the overall arrangement of methodological material based on determining the levels as the model of specialized historiographical methodological knowledge. The five levels-subsystems of methodology of studying the carriers of state legal information are described: methodological principles, methodological approaches, specific scientific methods, methods and technique of research. The scientific novelty of this article consists in the fact that its materials are aimed at generalization and systematization of theoretical knowledge of methodology of the historical-legal source studies as a system of knowledge, cognitive coordinated and instrumental foundation for studying the types and varieties of information carries on the history of state and law.
Citations count: 4
Reference:
Nizhnik N.S. —
Russian police science: main stages of its establishment and development
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 6.
– P. 764 - 786.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.6.16493 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16493
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the main stages of establishment and development of the Russian police science. Taking into account the fact that theoretical heritage of the Russian police scientists until present times preserves the ability to enrich the legal science and encourage the search for optimal solutions of the modern problems, the complex analysis of the Russian police science will allow using its scientific potential to a full extent. The author gives characteristics to the three stages of the establishment and development of the police-legal theory in Russia during the period of XVII-early XX centuries. Names of the prominent Russian police scientists and their major work are being analyzed. The author conducts a historiographical review of this topic. The desire to determine the dynamics and historical prospect of development of the ideas of the Russian police scientists on state and law, requires structuring this research based on the principle of historicism. The author characterizes the concept of the police state, legal state, social state, as well as the concept of public-legal relations in the area of government administration developed by the Russian police scientist in the late XIX and the early XX centuries.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Boltaevskii A.A. —
Sarajevo Crisis: Lessons of the First World War
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2014. – ¹ 3.
– P. 37 - 52.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2014.3.11459 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=11459
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Abstract:
It has been one hundred years since the beginning of the First World War and both historians and all who concern about the past are again interested in the lessons of the First World War. Despite the well known opposition of the two military alliances, the war was quite unexpected by most of regular population. Yet, the war was first perceived as something elated or grandiose. The murderer of the heir presumptive to the Austria-Hungarian throne Franz Ferdinand followed by the Sarajevo crisis led to the global conflict and the crisis of all European civilizations. Based on the memories of the eyewitnesses, feature materials and archive documents, the author of the article re-enact circumstances that led to the murderer in Sarajevo and event afterwards. According to the author of the article, the spiritual crisis of the European civilization was the true reason of the world conflict. The society was inevitably coming to that and encouraged by military and political leaders. Almost all governments of the leading European countries were interested in Franz Ferdinant's death. They wanted to change the situation in the world but need an official reason to take actions.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Akhatov A.T. —
Historical and archeological study of the village Tekeyevo of the XVIII century (using the materials of expedition to Salavatsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2017)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 11.
– P. 80 - 91.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.11.27991 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=27991
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Abstract:
This article presents the results of field studies of the archeological expedition by R. G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Studies of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences conducted in 2017 to territory of Salavatsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The object of this research is the no longer existing village of Tekeyevo – birthplace of the Bashkir national hero Salawat Yulayev and his father Yulay Aznalin, one of the leader of Peasant’s War of 1773-1775; the village was burned in 1775 after suppression of the rebellion. The author applied comprehensive approach based on interlinking the existing written, cartographic and ethnographic materials, which characterize location area of the village of Tekeyevo in the past, with the results of archeological studies. Archeological reconnaissance conducted for determining the localization of the village of Tekeyevo revealed certain discrepancy between the archeological data and sources of the allied scientific disciplines. Despite this fact, the analogous comprehensive research of the Bashkir localities of the late Middle Ages and Modern Age should be continued in the future, helping to address a wide variety of questions associated with examination of culturogenesis of the Bashkirs and other peoples of the region as a whole.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Khasanova M. —
Cultural cooperation of Russia and Belarus in the post-Soviet space
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 7.
– P. 68 - 78.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.7.23310 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=23310
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Abstract:
This article is dedicated to examination of the aspects of cultural cooperation of Russia and Belarus at the present stage as a foundation for profound integration. The goal of the research lies in determining the type, features, and factors of the development of Russia-Belarus cooperation in the area of culture as a foundation contributing into the integration of both nations within the particular historical context in the late XX – early XXI centuries. The need for studying the intercultural differences is indicated. Relevance of researching the interaction between Russia and Belarus in the area of culture is caused by the dynamically developing sociocultural and political situation in modern Europe and the world in the conditions of globalization. An attempt is made to understand to what extent and by which means the culture conduces integration or disintegration of the state. The article considers various options and prospect for Russia-Belarus cultural cooperation. The author introduces into the scientific discourse newest documents pertaining to the Russia-Belarus relations, as well as analysis all major joint cultural events.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Nilogov A.S. —
Scientific verification of Khakassian genealogical lore: from mytho- and ethno-genealogy to DNA-genealogy
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 1.
– P. 57 - 65.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.1.29539 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29539
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Abstract:
This article explores the problem of scientific verification of the Khakassian genealogical lore. Such variations as mytho-genealogical ethno-genealogical and oral can be determined among them from typological perspective. Using the example of oral tradition on the ancestry of Domozhakovs family, the author examines the question of establishment of authenticity through application of the new genealogical methods, The most recent DNA genealogical methods allow objectifying a specific genealogical lore, which is impossible to verify using the approaches of classical genealogy. This refers to DNA-testing of contemporary representatives trough the patrilineal ancestry. The article applies such methods as analytical, genealogical, linguistic, descriptive, paleographic, synthetic, comparative, and heuristic. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the author is first to propose a systemic research approach on verification of Khakassian genealogical lore, including different levels of genealogical verification: crossover verba;, archival-documental, and DNA-genealogical. Viability of the latter scientific method would allow pursuing correlation between the legendary primogenitors and actual biological ancestors.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Shamak S.A. —
Nature, social meaning, and elements of state – the subject of theoretical legal research of E. N. Berendts
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 11.
– P. 96 - 111.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.11.24073 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24073
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the updated part of theoretical legal heritage of the prominent Russian lawyer of the late XIX – early XX century Eduard Nikolayevich Berendts (1860-1830). Main attention is dedicated to the views of E. N. Berendts upon the nature, meaning, and elements of state, its goals and possibilities of their implementation, as well as problems of transitioning from the police state to legal. The author also turns attention to the essence of the state’s legal nature considered by E. N. Berendts. In analyzing the historical sources and archival documents, the author applied the historical-legal method, which allowed acquiring the knowledge about the events and drawing the corresponding theoretical conclusions. The scientific reconstruction of the past helped comprising a maximally full representation about the problem at hand within the timeframe and space. The portrait-individualizing method combines the chronological and problem-theoretical approaches, which revealed the individual distinctness of the scholar’s views upon the state and law, as well as determine the issues that on one hand connected the life and creative paths of E. N. Berendts, dynamics of the ideological struggle and intellectual creativity with the results, while on the other – manifested as the specific historical milestone of cognition. The scientific novelty is defined by the lack of comprehensive research dedicated to the theoretical heritage of E. N. Berendts within the Russian and foreign juridical science. The author used the previously untranslated into the Russian language works of the scholar and introduces them into the scientific discourse for the first time.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Abdulin R.S. —
The main directions of the party-state policy of the USSR in the field of judicial administration (1970-1980)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 2.
– P. 121 - 139.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.2.14134 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=14134
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Abstract:
The subject of the study are the main directions of the party-state policy of the USSR in the field of judicial administration in the period from 1970 to 1980. This period is characterized by Counterreform state legal reforms conducted from mid 1950 to mid-1960. Overall, despite the controversial transformation in the life of Soviet society associated with this historical period, there were significant and represented one of the most important periods in the history of the Soviet Union in terms of modernization. The author shows that subsequent changes in the party and the government led to a partial return of the administrative-command model of judicial control characteristic of the Stalin era.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Okhota V.S. —
Organization of the food service for civilians of a base city during the wartime (on the example of Krasnoyarsk)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 2.
– P. 138 - 143.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.2.24438 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24438
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Abstract:
This article is dedicated to examination of the questions of organization of public food service in Krasnoyarsk. The period of Great Patriotic War marked the intensification of centralization in planning, allocation of state resources, expansion of food service for the workers. However, the sphere of public food service has experienced certain problems. The subject of this research is the analysis of organization of food service for civilian of a base city during the wartime on the example of Krasnoyarsk. Special attention is given to the emerging problems and methods of their resolution in the indicated sphere. Methodological foundation is the theory of modernization transition. The review of archival documents demonstrated that the provision of food product and durable goods to the population, as well as organization of public food service of a base city during the wartime, turned out to be a task of immense complexity, thus required immediate solution. As a result of analysis, it was determined the for solution of the aforementioned problem were established the allowance rates; government structures, production companies, nongovernmental organization, and population itself were enlisted in organization of provision. Besides the already existing canteen facilities for employees and dietetic refectories, were added the canteen facilities for civil servants, children, students, families of war veterans, evacuated civilians, and disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War. The conducted research underlines that the experience of different countries marks the intensification of government intervention into the economy at the time of social instability during the war. The distributive form of relationship between the government and population has established in the country. Action of the local government authorities on expanding and improving the public food service chain during the war period, played an important role in prevention of mass famine.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Grigor'eva O.G. —
International legal cooperation of USSR on civil affairs during the period of 1922-1956
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 3.
– P. 86 - 101.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.3.19064 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=19064
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the genesis of the international legal cooperation of USSR with foreign countries on civil affairs during the period of 1922-1956. Based on the international agreements and treaties, as well as other international legal acts of the Soviet Union, the author reconstructs a historical picture of interaction between the competent authorities of the Soviet State and a number of foreign countries in providing the legal support on civil affairs, including collection of the alimony payments to minors, inheritance, custody, etc. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the work uses the materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, which have been introduced for the first time into the scientific circulation. Among these materials is the diplomatic correspondence, agreements between the Soviet Union and other foreign countries, and others. During the course of this research, the author uses a historical method, which allows analyzing the examined legal phenomenon in dynamics, as well demonstrate its interconnection with the existed public relations and events that took place in the global arena during the aforementioned period of time.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Yunina E.A. —
Military daily life of 1941-1945 in epistolary documents of the Siberian combatants
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 11.
– P. 65 - 100.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.11.30885 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=30885
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Abstract:
Through the analysis of epistolary documents, the author determines the information component of letters and perception of war by the Siberian combatants: weekdays and holidays in the field, adaptation behavioral strategies, emotional state, and transformation of mindset. The work is based on application of the techniques of military psychology, history of everyday life, historical-anthropological approach and text analysis. The sphere of personal human experiences are analyzed in the context of extreme conditions for the first time. The novelty of this work is defined by introducing into the scientific discourse of a complex of epistolary documents from the family archives of Tobolsk residents, which have not been previously subjected to scientific analysis. The specificity of communicative process, generation of information, emotional coloring of epistles directly depended on situational factors and addressing of correspondence; receiving a letter became the key event within the realm of daily life in the front. The attributes of soldierly letters contained consolation of relatives, recommendations on maintaining the household in case of death of the combatants, description of life in the field, recreation culture. In the atmosphere of potential danger to life, took place the process of reassessment of the fundamental human values, formation of views on the nature of war, personal aspects of its perception. These problems were solved based on the level of education, professional and social affiliation, intellectual capabilities of the addressers. The adjustment to military reality was accompanied by the negative form of stress, development of the habit to extreme existence. The form of written communication allowed realizing intra-familial socio-demographic role common to the traditional binary gender system. The distinct peculiarity of Tobolsk soldier consisted in understanding of spiritual connection with birthplace; the sense of compatriotism became much stronger.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Kenya I.A. —
Charity in Terms of Socio-Economic Development of Russia: Legal and Regional Aspects
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2013. – ¹ 3.
– P. 149 - 164.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2013.3.789 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=789
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Abstract:
The article is devoted to the history of Russian charity in terms of its legal regulation by means of the following sources of law: decrees, charters, transitory provisions, circular orders. The author of the article describes stages of development of charity activity in Russian history before the Revolution as well as different forms of charity activity including private, social, local, church charity and donations of the Tsar family. The author also views the process of state regulation of charity activity performed by charity associations in the XIX - early XX centuries. The author analyzes the reasons of such a wide spread of charity in Russia at the end of the XIX - beginning of the XX centuries as well. Regional aspects are presented by famous charity providers of the Bryansk district in Orlovsky province such as S. Maltsev, P. Gubonin, the Mogiltsevs and the Tenishevs. The author also describes their contribution not only to the socio-cultural development of the Bryansk region but Russian charity in general. The author also discusses how to revive charity traditions in modern Russia.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Smykalin A.S. —
Details on the thesis PhD Candidate of Historical Sciences - Kuz'minykh A.L.
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 2.
– P. 241 - 258.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.2.14188 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=14188
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Review is dedicated to prisoners of war in the Soviet Union in 1939 - 1956 years. The huge scale of hostilities led to the emergence of a large number of prisoners whose legal status has not been resolved. In the thesis the author considers mode, the contents of prisoners of war and other living conditions.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Suroven' D.A. —
To a question of chronology of the establishing of Yamato dynasty and reign sovereign Jimmu
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 3.
– P. 136 - 220.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.3.14752 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=14752
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In this article, data of Japanese sources on East campaign the sovereign Jimmu and the establishing of a Yamato dynasty and state in the Central Japan in comparison to results of archaeological researches of the ancient Japanese monuments of material culture of the late yayoi period and the early kofun period for the purpose of definition of chronology of the establishing of Yamato are analyzed. Also materials of the Korean chronicles for the purpose of detection of the indirect evidences allowing to date the time of foundation of Yamato state of are analyzed. Besides materials of Chinese dynastic histories about the establishing of the state in the Central Japan are provided.Results of archaeological researches allow to correct chronology of ancient Japan, and, on the basis of cyclic designations of a 60-year cycle from the ancient Japanese written sources, give the chance to offer the corrected datings of time of East campaign to Jimmu and his reigns as the first sovereign of Yamato.The main result of this research is the conclusion that, on the basis of results of archaeological researches and indirect evidences of the Korean sources, East campaign of Jimmu was carried out at the end of the III century AD (294-300), and foundation of Yamato dynasty and state occurred at the beginning of the IV century (in 301 AD). Sovereign Jimmu ruled during 16 years (301-316 AD).
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Nasibullin R.A. —
“Definitive fight for eliminating all the consequences of counterrevolutionary distortions on the theoretical legal front in the shortest possib
“Definitive fight for eliminating all the consequences of counterrevolutionary distortions on the theoretical legal front in the shortest possible time ... “: 1937 at Sverdlovsk Law Institute
le time ... “: 1937 at Sverdlovsk Law Institute
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 1.
– P. 67 - 78.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.1.22790 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22790
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Abstract:
This article examines the initial stage of the political campaign aimed at “liquidation of consequences of counterrevolutionary distortions in the theoretical legal front” in the USSR and Sverdlovsk Law Institute In March of 1937. This battle resulted in seizing from the institute library of the works of repressed authors; dismissal of the lecturer of Soviet State Law P. A. Gordeev “for perversion in teaching”; on March 16-19 of 1937, holding a meeting of the Institute teachers and students, participants of law school and law courses, employees of court and prosecutor’s office for discussing a situation “on the theoretical legal front”; revision of curriculum and learning materials of the institute; increasing control of the departments and educational sector over delivering lecture and classes. The author analyzes a special opinion of the Professor S. F. Kechakian of May 15, 1937, on resolution of the general meeting. The unpublished archival documents and materials of the Ural State Law University and the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region are introduced into the scientific discourse. Two addendums from previously unpublished documents from the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk Region, prepared for publication by the author of the article, are attached to the research.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Egorov N.Y. —
Special legal regime as the means of protection of public security (in accordance with the works of I. T. Tarasov)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 11.
– P. 112 - 121.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.11.23738 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=23738
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The subject of this study is the actualized part of theoretical and legal heritage of the prominent Russian lawyer of the end of XIX – beginning of the XX century – Ivan Trofimovich Tarasov (1849-1929); his representations on the essence of special legal regime as the means of protection of public safety; the provided by him characteristic of the state of emergency or martial law as the political preventative measures of prevention and methods for preserving the political system. The article discusses I. T. Tarasov’s idea regarding the possibility of ensuring public safety through the implementation of the special legal regime. The comprehensive problem-theoretical reconstruction and interpretation of theoretical legal heritage of I. T. Tarasov is realized in the modern legal science for the first time. The article discusses the views of I. T. Tarasov upon the capability of the special legal regime to ensure the public safety. The author characterizes the scholar’s ideas concerning the implementaiton, operation and termination of the state of exception and martial law, as well as analyzes his views on the questions of using the weapons by police agencies and administration in terms of the special legal regime. Conclusion is made that I. T. Tarasov insisted on the need for legislative regulation of the special legal status, within the framework which takes place the limitation of rights and freedoms , and expands the government interference in social life. Tarasov developed the theory of restriction of state intervention into the social processes and determined that the law must be the basic measure of restriction, including the implementation of the special legal regime. He argued the need to establish the boundaries of police activity and guarantees of the political and civil freedoms of an individual. The ideas of I. T. Tarasova pertinent to the special legal regime as the means for protection of public safety, found their reflection and development in the Russian theoretical-legal science and practice of legislative consolidation of the relations in the conditions of the state of emergency in modern Russia.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Tatarnikova A.I., Zagorodnyuk N.I. —
The network of settlements in the Kondinskiy district of the Ural region according to the census of 1926
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 10.
– P. 43 - 54.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.10.24105 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24105
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The subject of this research is the network of settlements of Kondinskiy district of the Tobolsk district of the Urals region. The object is spatial distribution, typology, size and infrastructure of its settlements. Sources for the study of the development of the settlement network of the area were the materials of the Circumpolar census of population of 1926-1927 and lists of localities of the Tobolsk district of the Urals region on October 1, 1926. The analysis of the sources helped to identify the location of settlements relative to water sources. The authors concluded that the settlements were located along rivers at a great distance from each other. The typology of the settlement network was dominated by this type of settlement as "derevnya". The number of "selo" and "vyselok" (the settlement outside the village) is slightly. The settlements outside the village were formed in the course of commercial activities of the population. Settlements in the area were small and amounted, on average, 11 households, 41 person. They had a chaotic structure of buildings, streets and alleys were absent. The social infrastructure of settlements of the area was poorly developed, the village council of Nakhrachi, which was the administrative center of Kondinskiy district, had all the elements of infrastructure (school, medical point, post office, commercial establishments).
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Fetyukov F.V. —
Historical types of cooperation between the civil society and the government
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 2.
– P. 1 - 8.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.2.18360 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=18360
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The object of this research is the legal relations established between the civil society and the government in various spheres of social life. The subject is of the historical types of cooperation between the civil society and the government. Based on the analysis of scientific data about the regularities of cooperation between the civil society and the government in the XIX – beginning of XXI centuries, the author determined and examines two historical types of such cooperation: “social contract” and “social dependence”. At the same time, the author focuses attention on the flaws of the reviewed types and their inapplicability on the modern stage of development of the public relations. Scientific novelty consists in typification of collaboration between the civil society and the government in the XIX – the beginning of XXI centuries, as well as in substantiation of the conclusion about the current inapplicability of such historical types as “social contract” and “social dependency”. The main conclusion consists in the fact that in the foundation of such cooperation on the main state of development of the public relations lies the idea of dialogue communication, which allows expecting the mutual understanding and satisfaction of interests of both, the civil society, and the government.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Aksarin V.V. —
Settlements of the Ostyako-Vogulsky National District in the 1930s : Number and Typology.
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2022. – ¹ 10.
– P. 71 - 81.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2022.10.39041 EDN: EHSSYN URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=39041
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The subject of the study is the settlement network of the Ostyako-Vogul National District of the Omsk region, the object is spatial placement, number, typology, size (by the number of inhabitants) its localities. In addition, the influence of natural-geographical, socio-economic and other conditions for the development of the network of settlements was taken into account. The sources for the study of the settlement network were the documents of the Russian State Archive of Economics (RGAE) introduced into scientific circulation for the first time: materials of the Central Statistical Office under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, lists of populated places indicating the population according to the All-Union Census of 1939 in the Ostyako-Vogul National District. The work used historical-comparative, historical-typological, statistical research methods, as well as methods of graphical representation of the data obtained. Analysis, comparison and critical approach allowed us to consider the process of development of the settlement network in the studied district. Reference to the historical experience of the settlement network of the national district will contribute to the replenishment of data on the history of the regional settlement system. For the first time, a quantitative analysis of the structure of settlements showed the predominance in the typology of the settlement network of yurts, villages, settlements, the presence of a small number of villages. The size of villages of different types in the district is determined. Thus, the number of inhabitants of yurts averaged 35 people, villages – 85, settlements – 482, villages – 892.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Sushkov A.V., Bedel A.E., P'yankov S.A. —
Industry of luxurious life: to the question on corruption relationships of the Ural party-state leadership and economic organizations in the 1930’s
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 8.
– P. 69 - 88.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.8.30518 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=30518
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The subject of this research is the corruption practices among the party and economic leadership in the Ural Region during the Soviet industrialization period of 1930’s. Based on the documents of party control bodies, the article examines the facts of misappropriation of funds and material resources. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the attempt to profoundly understand the causes of repressions of the 1930’s pertaining to regional government and big economic executives. The newly introduced into the scientific discourse historical sources allow clarifying the information on the factors affecting the delays in construction of a number of large industrial plants, as well as housing for workers and amenities in the industrial centers of Ural Region. The descriptive method allowed demonstrating the details of corruption relationships between the party leadership and executives of industrial plants. The historical-genetic method allowed reconstructing and specifying the circumstances of disruption in the construction of a number of important industrial objects, as well as clarifying the reasons of severe living conditions of the employees of large industrial construction projects of the Ural Region during the industrialization period. The novelty of this article consists in conducting a special scientific research dedicated to the corruption relationships between party nomenclatura and economic leaders. The conclusion is made that the unlawful actions of economic and party leadership contradicted the proclaimed by the Soviet propaganda image of a communist, ideas of equality and justice, inflicted irreparable reputational damage, and discredited the Soviet government system overall.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Abdulin R.S. —
Evolution and establishment of judicial administration in Soviet Russia (1917-1922)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 9.
– P. 31 - 52.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.9.22622 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22622
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The subject of this research is the stage of organization of the Soviet courts, formation and evolution of the Soviet judicial administration, which had attracted and continues to attract the attention of many scholars. There has been written fairly large amount of articles, books, monographs, and theses dedicated to the events of this time, which ended with the establishment of both, the new political and new judicial systems. However, the official ideology and practice of the Soviet state construction that initially rejected the idea of separation of powers as alien and bourgeois, due to which the court throughout the entire Soviet period did not receive the true independence, left a mark upon all social phenomena, including science to a certain extent. Therefore, multiple works in the area of examination of the establishment of Soviet judicial system and judicial administration, were ideologically tendentious, referred to the extensive circle of communist and propagandistic literature, as well as accessible to public archive materials that favorably characterized the Soviet structure. The author introduces the original point of view on the complicated process of destruction of the old imperial judicial system and creation of the drastically new judicial apparatus alongside the apparatus of judicial administration until the Judiciary Reform of 1922. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that through the prism of state policy in the context of transformations, realized by the Soviet government in judicial sphere, the article demonstrates the establishment of the judicial administration. Based on the generalization of the existing research and published, but not introduced into the scientific discourse archive sources, the work formulates and substantiates the origins, political legal nature of judicial administration applicable to a particular stage of the political legal development of Russia (1917-1922).
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Galuzo V.N. —
On the Legislatino and Guarantees of its Uniform Execution by Representatives of the 'Prosecution Position' During the Reign of Anna Ioannovna
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2014. – ¹ 6.
– P. 138 - 161.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2014.6.13416 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=13416
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Article in general is devoted to providing with representatives "the prosecutor's position" uniform performance of the legislation in board of "Monarchess Imperatritsy" of Anna Ioannovna. An object of research are the regularities connected with change of boards in the Russian Empire; definition of a place of board of "Monarchess Imperatritsy" of Anna Ioannovna in system of boards in the Russian Empire; ensuring uniform performance of the legislation; the list of offices and positions, in them consisting; a role of separate offices and positions, in them consisting in ensuring uniform performance of the legislation in the Russian Empire; a priority of a position of the prosecutor in ensuring uniform performance of the legislation; a ratio of a position of the prosecutor with other positions (the sneak's position, a position of a reketmeyster, etc.) . Method of research I became historical and legal, allowed to define system of legalizations of the Russian Empire on the basis of which conclusions were formulated. The author in the course of research drew the following conclusions: The "Supreme" power in board of "Monarchess Imperatritsy" of Anna Ioannovna appeared less effective in comparison with board of "Sovereign Imperator" of Pyotr Alekseevich ("Peter I"). In board of "Monarchess Imperatritsy" of Anna Ioannovna gained development one of negative forms of collective ("substitute") "Supreme" board — "favoritism". When reforming system of offices what carried out the activity secretly took advantage ("Office of Secret search affairs"). The position of the prosecutor was reanimated. And, it wasn't allowed identifications of this "position" with corresponding "office". The duty of ensuring uniform performance of the legislation was assigned to representatives of "the prosecutor's position".
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Serov D. —
Criminal investigators of the Yekaterinburg Local Court: organization and personnel (1874-1917)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 4.
– P. 140 - 191.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.4.14817 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=14817
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This article is dedicated to the characterization of the organization and personnel of the investigative branch of the Yekaterinburg Local Court throughout the period of its existence (1874-1917) in the context of development of investigative body of the Russian Empire of the reformation period. The article addresses the issues of evolution of the organizational structure of the investigative body of this period, differentiation of investigative posts, emergence and development of the system of investigative sectors, establishment of investigative sectors on the territory of Central Ural, as well as number and personal characteristics of the of the investigators of the Yekaterinburg Local Court during 1894-1916. The work presents the generalizing information on the social and ethnic origin, family ties, age, education, professional experience and social status of the investigators of the Yekaterinburg Local Court during 1894-1916. The author concluded that unlike during the Soviet era, there were no structured special divisions that united the investigators (investigative departments) in the branches of reformed Russia. There was also no position of a head of the investigators that was part of the court’s personnel. Similarly, there was no division of administration of the investigative branches (investigative division or department) throughout the period of 1864-1917 even in the central apparatus of the Ministry of Justice.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Akishin M.O. —
Legal language of the Soviet government
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 6.
– P. 221 - 242.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.6.21362 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=21362
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Similar to the other European countries, the establishment of republic, elimination of class rights and privileges, consolidation of the principle of equality before the law, in Russia took the revolutionary path. However, the Russian October Revolution was a reaction to not only the outlived feudal society, but also negative phenomena of the era of “wild capitalism” of the XIX century. The October Revolution led to the state regulation of the economy and its planning, which allowed realizing the position of the Marxist-Leninist teaching: elimination of exploitation of man by man, recognition of the socioeconomic and cultural human rights. Study of the positive experience, contributed by the Soviet authorities into the development of Russia and the entire world, remains relevant. The goal of this article is the examination of the legal language of Soviet authorities. The article substantiates that the core of the lexical-semantic system of legal language consisted of such political terms as “socialism”, “Communism”, “dictatorship of the proletariat”, “state of the whole people”, and others. The crucial achievement of the legislative technique of the Soviet government became the principle of the use of the Russian literary language in the national legislation. At the same time, there were no significant renewals in grammar and lexical composition of the legal language during this period. In other words, the legal language reflected not only the practice of Soviet construction, but also preserved the succession with the preceding stages of its history.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Seleznev A.V. —
Establishment and problems of operation of the Krasnoyarsk branch of All-Union Society for the Dissemination of Political and Scientific Knowledge (1947-1949)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 3.
– P. 16 - 34.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.3.25534 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25534
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the process of incorporation of Krasnoyarsk intelligentsia into the political and enlightenment organization, which major goal consisted in distribution of the political and scientific knowledge in USSR. The subject of this research is the establishment and problems of operation of the Krasnoyarsk branch of All-Union Society for the Dissemination of Political and Scientific Knowledge during the period when the indicated society forms and develops as an academic organization of the prominent scientific and public figures of the country, claiming a somewhat political-educational autonomy (1947-1949). The author introduces into the scientific discourse the previously unpublished archival documents that allowed compiling, systematizing, and analyzing the new factual material that provides a relatively full representation on the creation, operation, and educational activity of the regional All-Union Society for the Dissemination of Political and Scientific Knowledge in the period of 1947-1949. The author concludes that this organization was formed by the prominent scientific and cultural figures, who had ideological and organizational ties with the leading part – All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Majority of the organization committee members involved in creation of the Krasnoyarsk branch of All-Union Society along with such enrolled by 1948 were the lecturers of the three universities of Krasnoyarsk: Medical, Pedagogical, and Siberian Forest Engineering institutes. In the first year of its existence, the Krasnoyarsk branch of All-Union Society was not able to pursue the lecturing activities due to experiencing the organizational issues.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Tesaev Z.A. —
“Vilayet Chachan” based on the chronicle “History of Giray Khan” (XV century)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 3.
– P. 53 - 67.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.3.35299 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=35299
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Abstract:
The chronicle “History of Giray Khan” is a valuable source on the history of Caucasus of the XV century. The text of the chronicle mentions the vilayet – the administrative divisions of Girim, Charkas, Chachan, Dagestan, Ganja and Shamakhi; the region Chachan alongside other domains is conquered by Giray Khan – the representative of Giray Dynasty and leader of the Circassians. This substantiates the need for studying the text to determine the time of the conquest of Chachan, as well as other areas of the region, which would allow studying the history of the region more thoroughly. Comparative analysis is conducted on the events described in the chronicle and the overall historical picture of this period. The author draws parallel, and in some instances direct identification of the known events and dynasties with the episodes and characters from the chronicle. An attempt is made to dateline all key events associated with the activity of Giray Khan, including the conquest of the Chachan Vilayet. The dates acquired in the course of analysis give a more detailed perspective on the history of Central and Norteast Caucasus, including the Chechen Republic. The historical analysis proves the facts described in the chronicle and reveals the circumstances of the conquest of North Caucasus. There is no sufficient grounds to fully identify Giray Khan with Khan Nur Devlet. However, the image of Giray Khan encapsulated part of the biography of the Crimean khan, and perhaps depicts the story of the son, one of the brothers, or a close relative of Nur Devlet, who became the ruler in Caucasus, and possibly, founded one of the Kumukh Shamkhal dynasties. The Giray Khan’s conquest of the Chachan vilayet the author dates to 1452-1459, with a remark that the entire process has taken place in three or four waves during the last third of the XIV – mid XV century.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Sulimin A.N. —
Nonlinear dynamics of the Russian political orders through a prism of historical process
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 5.
– P. 338 - 364.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.5.16617 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16617
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The article considers of the evolution of the Russian political orders in historical process from the point of view of a synergetic paradigm. The author identifies historical types of the Russian political orders, considers nonlinear dynamics of their formation, the organization and degradation. The concept of the author argues that Post-Soviet Russia has gone through several microbifurcations and is in a phase of disintegration of the Soviet political order. By results of research the author refers to conditions and necessary factors of origin of a new political order in modern Russia.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Yakimov K.A. —
Socioeconomic moods of the youth of Tambov Oblast during the period of 1937-1941
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 1.
– P. 159 - 176.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.1.20970 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20970
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This article examines the socioeconomic moods of the youth shortly before the Great Patriotic War. The author analyzes the impact of the Soviet ideology and propaganda upon the process of transformation of the moods of Soviet youth with regards to economic and industrial activity. Special attention is given to examination of the role of Komsomol organizations in development of Stakhanovite movement and high-involvement work practices among the young generation. The author reviews the attitude of young men and women towards the work in collective farms, loan campaigns, socialist property, and changes in labor legislation. The relevance of this topic is justified by the fact that examination of the mechanisms of formation of youth consciousness alongside the impact of Komsomol propaganda, as an element of Soviet ideology upon the character of public moods of young generation, is purposeful for structuring of the youth policy at the present stage, as well as contributes into the fuller coverage of the controversial social processes among youth during the period of intensification of totalitarization of the society. The scientific novelty consists in carrying out a comprehensive research of socioeconomic moods of the youth over the period of 1937-1941 for the first time in history.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Uzbekova Y.I. —
Council for the Study of Productive Forces within the system of “mobilized science” (1930 – 1950’s)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 12.
– P. 32 - 43.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.12.31660 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31660
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In the scientific system of “Stalin’s modernization” period a special place was held by the Council for the Study of Productive Forces (CCPF), which after its establishment in 1930 was charged with thorough research on the country’s natural resources. The activity of the Council, similar to other scientific institutions, was subordinated to the stringent production-oriented policy of the country’s leadership; therefore, its experience may be considered as an important source for designing the model of the “mobilized” Stalin’s science. Emphasis is made on the causes and dynamics of the reforms that took place with the Council for the Study of Productive Forces throughout 1930’s – 1950’s, as well as the key changes in the Council’s development strategy. For this purpose the author applied the historical-systemic method and the concept of the social institution of science. The article provides characteristics to the new concept of development, formulated in the end of 1940’s, underlining the role of the state’s general economic strategy in selection of particular forms and vectors for the work of CCPF. The conclusion is made that CCPF was influenced objectives of accelerated modernization of Stalin’s period to the full extent. The logics of the development of CCPF structures, topic of scientific research, shift of productive forces towards East in the late 1940’s – all these was justified by the course of central leadership. It is noted that the administrative-command system created multiple obstacles for the effective work of the Council for the Study of Productive Forces and its cooperation with the Academy of Sciences and other organizations. From the practical perspective, the case of interest is the mechanism of interaction between scientific and departmental structures in implementation of plans for the rapid creation of industrial centers in the conditions of limited time and material resources.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Dmitriev A. —
Legal ideas of I. G. Schwarz (on the compendia of lectures "About three cognitions: curious, pleasant and useful" and other lectures for 1782-1783)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 4.
– P. 126 - 139.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.4.18559 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=18559
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The subject of this work is the legal ideas of Ivan Grigorevich Schwartz – prominent representative of masonry in Russia, tenured Professor of philosophy at Moscow University. The author analyzes the origins of and the content of the lectures Schwarz G. I. "three knowledges: curious, pleasant and useful" (1782), lectures at the University (1782) and public lectures (1782-1783), "the Reasoning in the collections of the Friendly learned society" (1782) in relation to law and the doctrine of Russian Freemasons of the XVIII century. This article provides an understanding of the views of I. G. Schwartz for the state, law, morality within the meaning of the terms and categories of the XVIII century and their relation to the doctrine of Russian Freemasonry of the XVIII century. For this purpose the author has used religious-philosophical and historical-legal methods of research. Legal ideas of I. G. Schwartz are the result of religious and philosophical speculation on the nature of man and his place in society. The article shows the role of law, science and itself in religious and social life of man. In his lectures, Schwartz uses such notions as "law", "citizen", "position", "justice", "state" and etc. Schwartz claims that it is necessary for a person to comply with positive law – the existing laws, because this is human nature, pursuit to improvement, return to the Creator, or the original ancient ideal.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Azarenko I.S. —
Change of status of the serfs of Kaluga Province in 1859-1862 in the context of implementation of the Serfdom Abolishment Manifesto
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 5.
– P. 1 - 8.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.5.26044 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=26044
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The object of this research is the aspects of socioeconomic status of peasants in the Russian Empire in second half of the XIX century until the adoption of Emancipation Manifesto of 1861 and as a result of its implementation. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of the change of status of the serfs in Kaluga Province in 1859-1862 due to the Emancipation Reform. Based on the studied materials, the author provides the data on peasants’ life until the reform of 1861 and specificities of their dependent status. The author examines the specificity of conversion of peasants in Kaluga Province into the status of the temporary obliged; as well as analyzed the precise examples of conflict situations emerging in the post-reform period between peasants and landowners in the region. The scientific novelty lies in analysis of the previously unused archival documents from the State Archive of Kaluga Oblast that allowed considering the new factual material regarding the status of serfs in Kaluga Province during the indicated timeframe. A conclusion is made about the insignificant changes of serfs’ status with proclamation of the Manifesto of 1861, which mostly affected the civic-legal status rather than land relations. It is determined that in overall discontent with the terms of liberation, the declaration of the provisions of peasant reformed was met by the peasants loyally due to the mediate policy of the governor general of Kaluga Province V. A. Artsimovich
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Nurislamov R.R. —
The enlightenment committee Hamburg-Bremen and covert Propaganda of Weimar Germany abroad, 1923-1932
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2023. – ¹ 10.
– P. 70 - 80.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2023.10.38990 EDN: QGPFZT URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=38990
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The subject of the study is the activity of the enlightenment committee Hamburg-Bremen, an organization created after the outbreak of the Ruhr crisis in 1923 by the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce to conduct export propaganda abroad. The article analyzes documents from the funds of the Russian State Military Archive and the German Federal Archives related to the functioning of this structure in 1923-1932. The purpose of the study is to determine how the Hamburg organization managed to deploy large-scale propaganda activity that spread to almost all countries of the world and acquired national significance in Weimar Germany. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of various areas of work, interaction with official departments and the impact of the world economic crisis of 1929-1933 on the activities of the enlightenment committee Hamburg-Bremen. Based on the study, it was revealed that the organization formed in Hamburg published various printed products, an information service was created abroad, and the key direction was covert penetration into the foreign press. The article shows that the reason for such activity lay in the interest of the economic circles of the region in improving the image of the country abroad in order to normalize foreign trade relations, and the possibility of its implementation — in the presence of the necessary connections for propaganda in foreign countries. One of the results of the study is the conclusion that the activities of the enlightenment committee Hamburg-Bremen affected not only export, but also cultural and political propaganda and was supported by the government interested in carrying out propaganda activities in a hidden form and through private structures. Over the years, the Hamburg-based organization has increasingly come under the influence of the state, whose assistance has become especially urgent after the global economic crisis of 1929-1933.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Biyushkina N.I. —
The principles of the Soviet law in the context of codification during the period of 1950-1960
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 6.
– P. 291 - 310.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.6.17096 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17096
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The author thoroughly examines a number of the most important historical events that took place in the Soviet State in the 1950’s, which made possible the XX Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union with the momentous report by N. S. Khrushchev dedicated to the cult of personality and its consequences. During this political forum, was approved a number of actions aimed at realization of the principles of socialistic legality and law order, protection of rights and freedoms of the Soviet citizens, interparty democratism, which later was reflected in the Soviet law of the studied period. The author examines the importance of the XX Congress of the Communist Party as a pivoting point in the domestic policy of the Soviet State, as well as substantiates the causes of conduction of codification of the Soviet legislation during the period of 1950-1960. The author is the first to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the principles of Soviet law within the stated period. Based on the developed criteria, the periodization of the establishment of the principles of Soviet socialistic law in accordance with its branches is performed. Codification of the Soviet legislation was based on the general legal principles: socialistic legality, democratism, social justice, and social freedom. The author’s main contribution consists in the conclusion that the true modernization of Soviet legislation during this time frame encouraged solving the most odious totalitarian tasks while preserving the Communist ideology.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Eylbart N.V. —
Candidature of Ivan the Terrible for the throne of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Polish political pamphlets of the period of first “free election” (1572-1574)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 3.
– P. 93 - 103.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.3.32474 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32474
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This article analyzes the Polish political pamphlets published during the time of first “free election” (1572-1574), the candidature of Ivan the Terrible or one of his sons was nominated for the throne of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The main goal consists in answering the question: did the Russian Tzar have a substantial number of supporters among the Polish-Lithuanian ruling elite, and did he have a chance for being elected as the king of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1573. The author applies the following methods of research: analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction, deduction, problem-chronological, historical-genetic, objectivity, and historicism. The author translates the fragments of these pamphlets, as well as introduces them into the Russian scientific discourse for the first time. The conclusion is made on the significant support of “Moscovian candidate” by the Polish public opinion, and under the certain circumstances, his great chances to be elected for the Polish-Lithuanian throne. The author refutes the thesis presented in the modern Polish historiography on “miniscule” chance of Ivan the Terrible to become the king of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Nadekhina Y.P., Kostrikova K.E. —
The role of the Ministry of Finance of Tsarist Russia in the creation of professional periodicals in the interests of domestic entrepreneurs
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2022. – ¹ 3.
– P. 23 - 31.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2022.3.37683 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=37683
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The Ministry of Finance of tsarist Russia, after its formation in 1802, played an important role in the life of the country, was one of the most influential in the government. The authors show that the needs of Russia's economic development have pushed the information aspect to one of the leading places in the activities of the government of tsarist Russia. Based on the study of historiographical materials of the Soviet and post–Soviet periods, as well as with the involvement of pre-revolutionary materials, the article examines the active role of the Ministry of Finance of tsarist Russia at the turn of the XIX - XX centuries, which contributed to the development of professional periodicals in the field of trade, industry and finance, which played a certain role in the formation of the domestic entrepreneurial class and reflected the development of capitalism in our country. The Ministry of Finance provided the domestic business community and the interested public with high-quality periodicals covering commercial and industrial activities in the country and abroad. One of such publications is the "Trade and Industrial Newspaper".
The article examines the prerequisites for the emergence and stages of formation of one of the popular publications of pre–revolutionary Russia - a Trade and industrial newspaper, which not only fulfilled its main mission by providing information of a commercial and financial nature, but also gradually turned into an authoritative socio-political publication. This publication is the most important source for the study of various aspects of the financial, economic and socio-political life of the Russian Empire during this period.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Gorban V.S. —
Formation of sociologically oriented legal teaching of Jhering (final chapter)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 4.
– P. 1 - 19.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.4.22551 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22551
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The subject of this research is the problem of formation and theoretical-methodological arrangement of Jhering’s sociological approach to law. The establishment of sociologically oriented legal theory of Jhering is being traced based on determination and examination of the specific theoretical and methodological constructs with consideration of the gradual immersion and improvement of his legal understanding towards the integral sociological oriented legal worldview. The article reviews the problem of formation and application of the original methods of legal knowledge and legal understanding (structural-descriptive functional analysis of law alongside empirical-analytical research, description of social legal reality and factors of social development, the crucial of which is law) in composition of the Viennese and Göttingenian periods. The scientific novelty consists in analysis, revelation, and characterization of the certain theoretical constructs and implemented by the thinker methods that in assemblage define the legal theory of Jhering as one of the first sociological theories of law. The conclusion is made that Jhering’s sociologism was being formed as anti-legalistic ideology aimed at transition from the study of law as a normative system towards the explanation of law using the category of social reality and various mechanisms of realization of sociality by the virtue of law (law as a factor of social stability, social identification, and social integration).
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Akberdeeva D.I. —
A. N. Ushakov – the deputy of State Duma of the first convocation from Tobolsk Governorate
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 2.
– P. 63 - 73.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.2.28909 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=28909
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The object of this research is the persona of A. N. Ushakov – the deputy of State Duma of the first convocation from Tob0lsk Governorate. The subject is his sociopolitical activity in 1906. Currently, there are no publications with sufficient description of his role in the sociopolitical processes unfolded in the governorate and the country during the establishment of the Russian parliamentarism. In order to fill the gaps in the deputy’s biography, the author examines and analyzes the materials from the personal fund preserved in the State Archive of Tobolsk, regional periodicals, and published sources. The methods of biographical analysis allow delving into the most significant events of A. N. Ushakov’s life – arrest, exile to the north of governorate for organizing the congress of peasants of Tobolsk District, election into the 1st State Duma, signing of “Vyborg Manifesto” after the disassembly of State Duma. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that it is the first work in historiography dedicated to A. N. Ushakov. The conclusion is made that the biographical materials of A. N. Ushakov are undeniably relevant for studying the establishment of parliamentarism in Russia, as well as sociopolitical history of the region overall. The revealed sources testify to the fact that with his official and social activity, Ushakov earned respect among his contemporaries who entrusted him with the right to represent Tobolsk Governorate in the 1st State Duma.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Slezin A.A. —
Historical sources of the early years of the Komsomol
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2012. – ¹ 2.
– P. 108 - 148.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2012.2.271 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=271
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Using the experiences of the "History of the Youth Movement in Russia" school of thought, formed in the twenty-first century at the Tambov State Technical University, the author uncovers the possibilities of using a variety of sources to study the Komsomol and organizations alternative to it in the early post-revolutionary years. Sources include published documents, statistical reference publications, memoirs, print media, and documents from Russian archives. The primary focus is to highlight the role of archival sources which, as a rule, were previously unused by researchers. The article is written primarily for novice researchers of the history of the youth movement in Russia.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Strekalin A.V. —
Russian police science in persons: Viktor Viktorovich Ivankovsky
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 6.
– P. 787 - 800.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.6.16412 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16412
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The subject of this research is the relevant part of the theoretical-legal heritage of the renowned Russian jurist Vitkor Viktorovich Ivankovsky (1854-1926); the establishment and evolution of his state-legal views; the scholar’s contribution into the development of the questions on the role and place of the government in the public life of Russia, on the place of the system of administrative-police institutions within the government, on the place of self-governance in the organization of life of the Russian society. The author makes an attempt of the problematic-theoretical reconstruction and interpretation of the theoretical-legal heritage of V. V. Ivankovsky, focusing on the scholar’s examination of the problems of political science and the questions pertaining to the role of the administrative law in regulation of public relations. V. V. Ivankovsky appeared in the Russia’s historical-legal though as a prominent representative of Russian legal and sociological science of the late XIX and the early XX centuries; his theories and methodologies did not lose their relevance till the present times.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Pirozhok S.S. —
Robert von Mohl about the social policy of constitutional state
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 2.
– P. 82 - 101.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.2.23730 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=23730
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The subject of this research is the actualized part of the theoretical legal heritage of the prominent German scholar, encyclopedist, lawyer, and politician of the XIX century – Robert von Mohl (1799-1875). The author analyzed the establishment and genesis of the idea of social state in legal theory of R. von Mohl; system of views of the police scientist upon the administrative activity of the state aimed at solution of the social issues; the proposed by him program of social reforms and measures of social policy. For the first time in history of the political legal thought, an attempt is made conduct a problem-theoretical reconstruction, interpretation, and establishment of link between the modern theory and practice of the constitutional social state of Russian and Germany and the ideas that gained traction within the theoretical legal heritage of the prominent German scholar, government and public leader of the XIX century Robert von Mohl. The article characterizes his views upon the social essence of the constitutional state; analyzes his works, in which he describes the concept of the constitutional state and its social function, claims that the important feature of functionality of the constitutional state is the social policy, as well as that the constitutional state not only has a right, but must carry responsibility for its citizens and balance their chances to free development and implementation of ideas. A conclusion is made that R. von Mohl, being way ahead of the contemporary to him practice of state activity, has uttered the thoughts on the concept and measures of social policy that comprised the foundation of the future theory of social state.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Lakhtionova E.S. —
Section of monuments of Science and technology VOOPIK: history and main activities (on the example of the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2023. – ¹ 6.
– P. 122 - 133.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2023.6.41012 EDN: IFAUXU URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=41012
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The object of the study is the section of monuments of science and technology of the VOOPIK. The subject is the activity of the section of monuments of science and technology for the identification, study, accounting, preservation and updating of the corresponding category of monuments. The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the history of the emergence and functioning of this structural unit in the 1960s-1980s. The territorial framework is limited to the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions, the leading industrial regions of the Urals, on the territory of which there were a large number of monuments of science and technology, monuments of industrial heritage. The author studies the history of the formation of the section of monuments of science and technology, and also gives a description of various types of its activities on the materials of the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions. The problem posed has not yet been the subject of special study, and has only been touched upon in the context of the study of history in general of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments and its regional branches, in particular. This determines the scientific novelty of the article. The source material is represented by archival materials, many of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, for example, unique information about the project to create a Museum of the History of Science and Technology in Chelyabinsk. The author comes to the conclusion that there were both similar directions and significant differences in the activities of these sections. This was determined by several reasons. Of great importance was the personal factor, which also influenced the effectiveness of the functioning of the section of monuments of science and technology
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Tatarnikova A.I. —
Populated localities in Tobolsk Province: administrative and unauthorized ways of formation and peculiarities of development in the late XIX – early XX centuries
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 1.
– P. 17 - 27.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.1.28630 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=28630
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The subject of this research is the populated localities in Tobolsk Province formed over the late XIX – early XX centuries by the government authorities or by the initiative of rural population without authorization. The article analyzes the actions of central and local authorities with regards to newly emerged “unplanned” settlements and their further development; gives comparative characteristics to the size of populated localities formed either by the administration or on the authority of peasants; analyzes their economic and sociocultural infrastructure. The article is structure on the bases of the “List of populated localities” of Tobolsk Province of 1868/1869, 1893, 1903, and 1912; reports of economic department of the Administration of Public Property on the unauthorized formation of settlements in Tobolsk Province; materials of the local periodical press pertinent to separate populated localities and their functioning. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this article is first to reveal and compare the peculiarities of formation and development of settlements that appeared as a result of actions of the local administration or upon the initiative of population. The conclusion is made on the strengthening of administrative control over the newly emerged populated localities, policy tightening with regards to settlements formed without authorization, significant underrun of the latter by the level of social development. The settlements formed upon the initiative of population were characterized by their small size, weak infrastructure, and shorter existence.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Bogatenko R.V. —
Anglo-Italian relations during the period from October 1938 to January 1939
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 1.
– P. 47 - 62.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.1.28702 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=28702
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This article examines the paramount stage of Anglo-Italian relations during the post-Munich period. Particular attention is given to the problem of possible “separation” of fascist Italy from the axis powers due to concessions on the part of the European countries. The author analyzes the various approaches of the Prime Minister of Great Britain Neville Chamberlain and the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1st Earl of Halifax regarding the scale of such concessions. Focus is also made on the “Roman” negotiations between Chamberlain and Mussolini that had to determine Italy’s attitude towards Great Britain. The scientific novelty lies in referring to the diverse layer of publishes sources of various countries (diplomatic documents, British parliamentary sessions, notes from the sessions of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom). The main conclusion of the conducted research is that as a result of defeating the aforementioned negotiations, Italy is being irrevocably involved into the foreign policy orbit of fascist Germany.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Abdulin R.S. —
Court Administration as a Structure-Functional Unit in the Soviet State Administration System
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2014. – ¹ 3.
– P. 16 - 36.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2014.3.11044 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=11044
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The article is devoted to the court administration forming and development in the Soviet Russia, to the evolution of processes of the court administration development performed by the subjects of the outward administrative court management (the organization’s executives) as well as by the subjects of the court administration inside the court system. The author of the articles also shows the role of the Soviet Party bodies in forming and developing organizational and ideological principles of the court administration and in working out models of the court administration and its gradual transformation into internal administration which serves to make the present-day court system independent and self-sufficient. The methodological basis of the work is the principles of dialectic and historical materialism which lets view the problems under research in their appearance and development in tight connection with the Soviet State building and the necessities of the court administration. In the course of the research the comparative analysis, technical, logical, historical and legal and other methods of learning the state legal processes and phenomena have been used. The scientific novelty is in the distinctiveness of the question posing which supposes to study the whole complex of the administrative influence in the courts from the Party’s bodies, Administration and State Power branches and the higher courts that aimed at providing the optimal work of the people’s courts. The author of the article strongly believes that the court administration as an institution is not dying, but it is transforming into a new state – internal system administration and continues its incessant influence on the processes in the present-day internal court power.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Tret'yakova E. —
The establishment of the Ministry of foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire in the XIX - early XX century
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 3.
– P. 672 - 690.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.3.14484 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=14484
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The article explores the process of formation of the Ministry of foreign Affairs as one of the most important bodies of state power in the XIX - early XX century. Considered normative acts of the Russian state, determined the structure and powers of the Ministry of foreign Affairs on the stage of active international cooperation of the Russian state. The main stages in the formation of patterns and issues, analyses the relevant transformations that took place in the course of the reform. Attention is paid to individual personnel policy within the Ministry. The study of historical and legal analysis of the claimed processes based on primary sources (acts of domestic legislation adopted in the specified period of time). Conducted historical and legal analysis of the formation of the Ministry of foreign Affairs in the XIX - early XX centuries, the tendencies associated with the process of forming the structure of the public authority, carrying out the foreign policy activities in the specified period, based on the analysis of normative legal acts of the structural elements of the foreign Ministry, their legal status, functions.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Yarusheva L. —
Effect of the Slavic, Roman, and German laws on the establishment of the Russian legal sources
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 1.
– P. 1 - 16.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.1.16313 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16313
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the genesis of the Russian legal sources and their development under the influence of the Roman law and the German pandectic system. This article examines the sources of the Ancient Rus customary and written laws, their significance for the modern Russian legislation. The author conducts research on the effect of the reception of Roman written law upon the Russian legislation during the establishment of the Ancient Rus, as well as the Imperial Russia; the influence of the pandectic system upon the Russian codification is also being analyzed. Among the main conclusions are the following: firstly, the Russian legal sources have Slavic roots, and are based on the legal customs of the Eastern Slavic tribes; secondly, throughout its entire existence, the Russian written law had a “Roman content” due to the fact that in many Russian sources there could be found a number of adopted to the Russian conditions norms of the Roman law; and thirdly, since the early XX century, the Russian legal sources attained the “German shape” after the implementation of the pandectic system in the course of conducting codification of the Russian legislation.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Zherebchikov D.P. —
Thefts in the Russian province in the late XIX – early XX century (on the example of Voronezh governorate)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 6.
– P. 139 - 148.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.6.20616 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20616
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Abstract:
The subject of this article is the most widespread type of crime against property in cities and counties of the Russian province of the stated period – theft. Based on the extensive circle of sources, the author reveals the following questions: legal assessment of thievery in the official criminal legislation of the Russian Empire; criminal statistics of thefts in Voronezh governorate; criminalistics characteristics of thefts conducted by the persons of lower urban classes. Special attention is given to thefts, which took place in the provincial cities. The main conclusion consists in the fact that the status of the agricultural Voronezh governorate along with the neighboring Black Earth governorates, on the “periphery” of Russian modernization, decrease the number of grand thefts. The incidence of thievery in urban society exceeded the incidence of thievery in rural society. During the period economic instability, which accompanies modernization in the Russian province, small thefts prevailed over the large thefts in the overall crimes. The lower urban classes, primarily peasants and male commoners, were the main actors of similar criminal acts.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Chirkov A.A. —
Council of Ministers P. A. Stolypin and the armed forces reform
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 12.
– P. 35 - 52.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.12.22022 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22022
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the establishment and development of the policy of the Council of Ministers P. A. Stolypin in the area of state defense. The armed forces reform that took place in the Russian Empire after the severe defeat in the Far East played a substantial role during the World War I. The basic strategies that defined the army and navy development originated during the period of activities of P. A. Stolypin. The foreign and Russian historiography viewed the indicated problem in a peculiar way, mostly using the public utterings of P. A. Stolypin, while disregarding the published documentation. Thus, the position of P. A. Stolypin is extensively covered within the historiography that was offered for the Czar, news media, and society, although his true contribution into the army and navy reforms has not been studied until presently. The goal of this work consists in determination of Stolypin’s involvement in the reforms of the defense establishments, considering that his representations of the reforms and political influence varied under the influence of certain factors. The chronological method allowed examining the course of events of the indicated transformations. Guided by the principle of scientific objectivity, leaning on the works of the forerunners, the author rejected the dogmas of the “reputable” historians, and based his conclusions exceptionally on the sources, structuring the research in a way that the conclusion will be based on the facts will be adjusted to the previously made conclusion. The author underlines that the military reforms conducted in Russia in the early XX century were not a part of Stolypin’s reforms, and the heads of the military and navy establishments were exerting the non-reliance, deviating from the line set by the government. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that this conclusion completely refutes the viewpoint in the Russian historiography.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Nagornov V.P. —
Economic modernization of Russia of the middle of XIX – the beginning of XX century in the history of mining factories of Ryazan Province
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 5.
– P. 9 - 18.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.5.26169 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=26169
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This article is dedicated to the impact of capitalist modernization of Russian of the second half of XIX – the beginning of XX century upon the development of metallurgical industry of Ryazan Region. The object of this research is the infrastructure of metallurgical branch of Ryazan Province, trade-industrial and financial institutions that participated in financing of manufacturing, factory personnel, dynasties of the factory owners. Major attention is given to the dynamics of performance indicators of the factories, development of the new centers of metallurgical industry in Sapozhkovsky, Kasimovsky and Ryazansky districts, and transformation of the output structure of the factories. The research is carried out on the basis of modernization approach and principle of historicism, with application of system analysis, problem-chronological, logical, and historical-comparative methods. The results can be valuable in development of the modernization programs for Russian industry. The article introduces into the scientific circulation the new facts that reflect the specificity of entering of the Ryazan mining factories into the system of the commodity and financial market. A conclusion is made that despite the fragmentary nature and instability of the modernization tendencies in development of the Ryazan metallurgy, its structures have played an important role in diversification of the economy and evolution of the social space of Ryazan Krai of the post-reform era.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Tatarnikova A.I. —
The extremes in the everyday life of the population of Western Siberia during the time of epidemics of the late XIX – early XX centuries
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 9.
– P. 40 - 54.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.9.30475 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=30475
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The object of this research is the population of Western Siberia considering its social diversity (city people, peasants, migrant peasants). The subject of this research is the everyday life of residents of the region in the extreme conditions of mass epidemics that took countless lives. The author characterizes the state of surrounding environment, level of medical development and sanitary-hygiene culture of the population, and determines their effect upon high mortality rate caused by different types of epidemics. Attention is focused on the behavioral practices, survival strategies of various social groups during the time of epidemics, which provoke changes in the everyday, routine life. The study is based on the complex approach with the elements interdisciplinary research allowing to trace the transformation of traditional values and mentality under the influence of extreme conditions of life. The conclusion is made on the impact of extreme conditions of the time of epidemics upon the transformation of everyday behavioral models and pursuit of survival strategies, reflected in the gradual alienation from the irrational ways of fighting infection, turning to official medicine, usage of decontamination means, cleaning of housings and curtilages, due attention to personal hygiene. During the time of epidemics, emotional and behavioral reactions were majorly affected by such factors as the affiliation to a certain social group, level of financial wealth, level of education, individual peculiarities of psyche and perception of illness and death of family members, attitudes on “unresolvable” problems of deviant and delinquent behavior.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Priymachuk D.V. —
Historical and political aspects of the US strategy in relation to Afghanistan and the Soviet Central Asia
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 1.
– P. 67 - 77.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.1.21220 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=21220
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The subject of this research is the United States foreign policy doctrine in relation to Afghanistan and states of the Soviet Central Asia, which undergone a drastic transformation in the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI century due to geopolitical changes, associated with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. The conceptual structuring of Zbigniew Brzezinski defined content of the US foreign policy doctrine; and its major priority consisted in the attempt to establish the unipolar world and reconstitute the “neocolonial” system under the new circumstances. The main conclusion of this work consists in the scientifically substantiated positions on the fact that after the military Operation Desert Storm, the United Stated conducted the utilitarian policy in Central Asia and Afghanistan, which suggested the achievement of certain results within the framework of implemented foreign policy concept at minimum costs. Since the mid 1990’s, the United States established the “foundation” for the future “strategic breakthrough” in the region, the prerequisite for which were the economic interests, activation of the competitors, as well as the growing “Islamic threat”.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Nizhnik N.S. —
Police state – welfare state
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 6.
– P. 183 - 194.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.6.21223 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=21223
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The subject of this research is the theoretical heritage of police scientists, within the framework of which welfare and security defined the purpose of the state. Police state as the idea of organization of people’s activity for the sake of public welfare has its past, present, and future. Examination of the history of police state as the political-legal technique of supporting the legal order is heuristically useful for understanding the practices of dominance in modern societies. The modern state that correlates with the discursive and institutional heritage of the police state era in the field of organization and activity of the police, continues to base itself upon the developed by police scientists idea of security, as well as attempts to find new ways for procurement of wealth for best distribution of benefits. The research is built on the principle of historicism, due to attempt towards determination of the dynamics and historical prospect of development of the ideas of police scientists regarding the creation of the welfare society by means of the police state. The foreign and Russian police scientists defined the purpose of the police state as the achievement of the general welfare. The idea of realization of the national welfare and happiness encouraged the development of the philosophy of eudaemonism, which became the ideological foundation of the system of government administration. The attempt to reach the set goal led to the actual neglect of the people’s interests. The inner controversy of the concept of police state substantiated the need for transition from the police state to the legal state.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Baranov E.Y. —
Peasantry, social transformations and famine in the USSR during the early 1930’s (on the materials of Ural Region)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 1.
– P. 1 - 16.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.1.28498 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=28498
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The goal of this research is to determine the changes in social behavior of peasantry in the conditions of escalation of the food problem and famine during the 1928-1934 (on the materials of Ural Region and Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic). The author examines the factors and behavioral characteristics, giving special attention of the analysis of evolution in the actions of Ural peasants as the situation worsened. The relevance of this work is substantiated by the attempts to have a more detailed perspective on the scale of social disruption in the agrarian sphere and rural community in the USSR during the 1930’s. The descriptive method allows characterizing the changes in peasants’ behavior in terms of worsening of the food situation. The historical-genetic method allows viewing the changes in peasants’ actions at the initial stages and escalation of famine, determine the cause and effect links between the growing food crisis and changes in behavior of the rural population. The scientific novelty consists in conducting a special research on the social behavior of Ural peasantry in the conditions of famine in the early 1930’s, which has not previously become an independent subject of study. It is demonstrated that initial cause of peasants’ protest was the procurements, and then the focus shifted towards the indignation over famine. During the 1932-1933, the collective demonstrations, escape to cities, and looting were mostly justified by filling their need in food. Escalation of famine also led to manifestation of social deviations. In 1933, the rise in mortality created a threat to reproduction of the rural population, which in the Ural Region was more evident than in Bashkir ASSR.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Bakhteev D.V. —
Prerequisites for establishment and development stages of the technology of artificial intelligence
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 8.
– P. 89 - 98.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.8.30382 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=30382
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The object of this research is the technology of artificial intelligence. The subject of this research is the mechanisms and factors of the establishment and development of this technology. Philosophical prerequisites underlied the classical scientific works; however, the foundation for the establishment of the aforementioned technology is the studies in the area of neurophysiology and theory of computation. In the XX century, with the advancement of computer engineering, this technology received an impetus to development, which lead to its widespread proliferation and increased the interest of socio-humanitarian sciences, primarily jurisprudence and ethics towards it. The following conclusions were made. Methodological foundation of the modern technologies of artificial intelligence is the nervous system theory, which serves as prototype for designing the artificial intelligence systems on the basis of the artificial neural networks. The process of establishment and development of such technology was divided into five stages. The factors ensuring wide proliferation of the systems of artificial intelligence include: the possibility of modeling of the processes of human reasoning, collection and processing of large data, interdisciplinary and multifaceted nature of scientific research on this technology.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Bravina R., Prokopeva A.N., Petrov D.M., Syrovatskiy V.V. —
Cremation rites At Batyran III and Kuuduk III in Erkeeni Valley of the upper Lena River (XIV – XVIII centuries)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 10.
– P. 109 - 123.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.10.31033 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31033
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The traditional Yakut culture preserved the rituals rooted in the Ancient Turkic era of Southern Siberia. Particular interest arouses the burial rite of Yakut people, among which was cremation of the deceased. In legends, this ritual is associated to the ancient tribe Kyrgys that lived well ahead of the arrival of the ancestors of Yakut people to the middle Lena River – Omogoya and Ellyaya. Noteworthy is that accordant to the Chinese manuscripts, this ritual is also known among ancient Turkic and Yenisei Kyrgyz people. Records on the existence of isolated instances of cremation of the deceased among Yakut people of the northern suburbs occur all the way until ethnographic modernity. The article applies the authentic historical sources, as well as the interdisciplinary research data in the field of forensic medicine, ethnography and folklore, which allow examining the materials on both, historiographical and interpretational levels. The goal of this work lies in the description and analysis of cremation rite and burial objects At Batyran III and Kuuduk III in the XIV – XVIII centuries, discovered and explored in one of the three valleys of middle Lena River – Erkeeni. The author assumes that at the end of first millennium AD, some part of Yenisei Kyrgyz people arrived to the territories of Lena River, and having gradually adjusted to the local environment, became a part of the forming Yakut nation.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Ryabova O.V., Zykova T.V., Kochkurova E.A. —
Hotel enterprises in Nizhny Novgorod in 1918-1939.
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2024. – ¹ 1.
– P. 81 - 91.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.1.69582 EDN: DECMMG URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=69582
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The market reforms that began in the late Soviet period and continued after the collapse of the USSR radically changed the country's hotel industry. The changes have affected literally all aspects of the industry. Similar large-scale changes were already taking place in the hospitality industry at the beginning of the twentieth century, after the socialist revolution of 1917. Therefore, it is interesting to find out how the young Soviet state, in the most difficult conditions of the civil war and foreign intervention, was able to practically rebuild the country's hotel industry. Because of this, the experience of hotel construction in the first two decades of Soviet power can be useful. The subject of the research in this article was the development of hotel enterprises in Nizhny Novgorod, such as communal hotels, "Peasant Houses", night shelters during this period. The paper provides an analysis of the main directions of development of the Nizhny Novgorod hotel industry from 1918 to 1939. The article is based on materials from regional archives (TSANO and GOP NO), periodicals, and scientific literature. The article uses historical-systemic and historical-comparative methods, as well as general scientific methods such as description and comparison. The conducted research showed that the hotel industry of the city was in a difficult situation by 1918. The change in the social system in the state, the decline in the standard of living of the population, and the refugees provoked a crisis in the hotel industry of Nizhny Novgorod. The mass closure of enterprises was avoided only by nationalization and municipalization of enterprises. The opening of the Peasant's House in 1925 was able to alleviate the acute shortage of hotel stock for a short period. But in the 1930s, due to the growth of foreign tourism, the problem of a shortage of high-class hotels worsened. The construction of the Volna, Rossiya and Intourist hotels partially solved this problem. But for ordinary Soviet citizens, hotels are still inaccessible. At the same time, the level of service was at an extremely low level.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Syrovatskiy V.V. —
Burial of Vladimirovka (XVII century): a new monument with secondary burial rite in Central Yakutia
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 4.
– P. 77 - 83.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.4.29488 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29488
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The object of this research is the Yakut burial rite of the XVII century. The subject of this research is the ritually disturbed burials of Yakuts. The article presents a detailed review of the types of ritually disturbed burials. The author makes an attempt of interpretation of the materials of earthen burial of Vladimirovka, explored in the course of fieldwork of Srednelensky archeological expedition crew from the Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences within the limits of Yakutsk. This burial is referred to one of the types of ritually disturbed gravesites, namely secondary burial, which was widespread during the Late Middle Ages in Yakutia. The archeological data is compared to the ethnographic records, historical sources and natural scientific methods. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the rite of secondary burial is rarely reflected in the archeological materials and is rather considered as deviation. Moreover, the use of natural scientific methods of age determination allows identifying the specifics of burial rite and help in further dating of other monuments with similar features. The author puts forward a hypothesis on secondary burial on the monument, related to the changes in traditional beliefs of the people due to arrival of Russian population in the XVII century. Special attention is given to determination of social status of the buried based on the comparison with the existing data on burial rites of the Yakuts.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Gevorkian D.S. —
Charity in the context of comprehension of state functions (in accordance with the works of V. F. Deryuzhinsky)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 11.
– P. 122 - 132.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.11.23749 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=23749
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The subject of this research is the theoretical legal heritage of the prominent Russian police scientist, publicist, and public figure of the late XIX – early XX centuries, editor of the journal “Labor Assistance” Vladimir Fedorovich Deruizhinsky (1861-1920); his representations of the purpose of charity, methods of providing help by the state and private actors to the people in need; about the experience of operation of forced labor camps and commodity stations; on the effective principles of organization of public assistance; his assessment of the experience of organization of public assistance in Russian and foreign countries. The comprehensive problem-theoretical reconstruction and interpretation of theoretical legal heritage of V. F. Deryuzhinsky is realized in the modern legal science for the first time. The article explores the views of V. F. Deryuzhinsky upon the purpose of providing help to people in need, subject compositions of those who provide help, and methods of the public assistance. The author determines the motivational grounds of charity; as well as characterizes the basic stages of social work in monarchical Russia that became the object of research of V. F. Deryuzhinsky. It is underlined that Deryuzhinsky considered that the proper organization of public assistance to the poor, whose number indicates the wellbeing of the state, is the crucial task of the government. The article characterizes the results of comparative analysis of the systems of public assistance conducted by V. F. Deryuzhinsky: classification of the state that provide assistance using various methods; definition of efficiency of the Elberfeld system for aiding the poor; assessment of the experience of operation of forced labor camps and commodity stations; possibility of implementation of the foreign experience in Russia. The conclusion is made that the professional and public activity of V. F. Deryuzhinsky influenced the development of the Russian state policy in the area of social assistance in the late XIX – early XX centuries, as well as his contribution in development of the theory of social work.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Skrydlov A. —
A scholar-statistician and state authority in the early XIX century: on the biography of K. I. Arsenyev (1789-1865)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 11.
– P. 37 - 47.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.11.34470 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=34470
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The object of this research is the evolution of statistical science in the Russian Empire in the early XIX century. The author analyzes the peculiarities of interaction between the academic community of statisticians and state authority on the example of career trajectory of the academician K. I. Arsenyev. The research leans on the basic methods of historical science – problem-chronological for studying the time sequence of events; historical-genetic and historical-comparative analysis for determining the key stages of the scholar’s scientific biography, as well as objective and subjective factors that impacted his performance. Special attention is given to the analysis of scientific works of K. I. Arsenyev, which prompted the major statistical discussion that unfolded in pre-reform Russia during the 1818-1819. The author examines the impact of the “Professors’ Case” upon Arsenyev's future career, traces the history of his relationship with the Emperor Nicholas I, and analyzes the scholar’s role in the development of administrative statistics in Russia. In the course of this research, it was established that academic career of Arsenyev is not typical, but rather illustrative for characterizing the status of a scholar-statistician in the first half of the XIX century. The difficulties of undergoing censorship, limited access of the scholars to departmental statistical materials, and risk of being suspected in political unreliability impeded the development of statistics during the indicated period. Patronage of the emperor relieved some of these constraints for Arsenyev; thus, receiving more freedom for scientific pursuits, he achieved impressive results. Overall, the representatives of conservative part of the elite continued to view statistics as a political science, which requires deliberate attention and control of the government.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Danilova E.N. —
The Third Constitution of the Russian Federation
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2013. – ¹ 3.
– P. 79 - 125.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2013.3.721 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=721
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The author of the artile studies the history and adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR in 1937. The author underlines some of peculiarities of these processes and compares them to the preparation of Stalin Constitution in 1936. The emphasis is made on the fact that development and adoption of new republican constitutions was a part of ongoing Constitional Reform in the USSR during the second half of the 1930's. The author of the article concludes that Politburo and the Central Committee of the Comunist Party of the Soviet Union played an important role and controlled the entire process of creation and adoption of new republican Constitutions. By studying materials of the brief peoples discussion of the Draft Constitution of the RSFSR in 1937 the author has defined the most important problems that worried the population of the Russian republic. Those problems included national relations, status of national republics, economic and social rights of rural and urban population, education and repressions.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Boltaevskii A.A., Pryadko I.P. —
Establishment of the Soviet political elite: from Lenin’s death to Stalin’s triumph
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 2.
– P. 115 - 134.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.2.17827 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17827
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The growing interest towards the defining moments in Russian history takes place under the conditions of establishment of Russia’s independent course. The object of fierce discussion, similar to the period of Perestroika, becomes the activity of J. V. Stalin, as well as the peculiarities of formation of the Soviet political system over the period of 1920’s – 1930’s. Some people see Stalin as a dictator, but other consider him a prominent government leader. At the same time, the interests to his persona causes the occurrence of various tendentious and falsified materials. The authors lean on a broad range of sources: documental materials, testimonies of political and military leaders, works of Russian and foreign experts, as well as use the comparative-historical and problematic-chronological methods. An average Russian believe that the great in Stalin’s era consists in increase of the political-military power of the country, success in industrial expansion, and most importantly – victory in the Great Patriotic War. All of these events overshadow the negative manifestations, such as mass repression, persecution of church alongside the academic and cultural figures, as well as devastation of peasantry during the process of collectivization. Depending on the sociopolitical situation in the country, the historical memory of our citizens will reproduce certain events of the period of 1920’s – 1950’s, which obscures the facts that contradict the established conjuncture. Stalin’s activity can be viewed as the creation of new political elite, which is capable of withstanding the internal and external challenges.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Boltaevskii A.A., Pryadko I.P. —
Balkans at the crossroads of the worlds: Slavic "knot of history" (late XIX – early XX centuries)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 3.
– P. 113 - 125.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.3.18171 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=18171
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The subject of this article is the located at the crossroads of civilizations Balkan Peninsula, which throughout centuries is a sphere of geopolitical interests of various coalitions. Aggravation of the imperialist contradictions in the late XIX – early XX centuries led to the formation of "hot spot" in the southeast of Europe, which justly acquired the name of “powder keg”. The close ties between Russia and the nations of the peninsula have century-long traditions, but have been repeatedly subjected to various challenges, both domestic and external factors. The authors lean on the documents and studies of the Russian and foreign origin, which allow restoring the historical picture of the epoch. The main method of the research is the problematic-chronological. Despite the similarity in political and economic processes, the Balkan countries were unable to establish a strong alliance that could become an independent geopolitical player on the global arena. Moreover, the incompleteness of process of the formation of national states caused a series of military conflicts that continue to spark periodically even until present day.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Ryabova O.V., Efremova M.V., Shimin N.A. —
Foreign tourism in the Nizhny Novgorod region in the late 1920s–1930s.
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2023. – ¹ 8.
– P. 27 - 35.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2023.8.43717 EDN: WKDYIZ URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=43717
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Abstract:
The subject of the study is the formation and development of foreign tourism in the Nizhny Novgorod (Gorky) region in the first decades of Soviet power. The purpose of the paper is to describe the problems faced by the tourism industry in organizing work to attract foreign tourists.
With the beginning of the "Stalinist modernization", the flow of foreign tourists is increasing. But the material and technical base of the tourism industry turned out to be completely unprepared for this. There was also a catastrophic lack of trained personnel to work with intourists. To get out of this situation, the government creates the GAO "Intourist", which becomes a monopolist in the organization and reception of foreign tourists. The methodology of the work is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity, as well as a systematic approach that allows a comprehensive examination of the subject under study. The novelty of the scientific work lies in the identification and generalization of historical sources, the involvement in scientific circulation of archival data showing the activities of the Gorky Regional Department in the period under study. The conducted research has shown that the need to open representative offices of GAO "Intourist" abroad, the organization of work with intourists already on the territory of the USSR faced an acute shortage of highly qualified personnel. The solution to this problem was the organization of courses for the training of tour guides with knowledge of foreign languages. Problems with the accommodation of intourists in hotels, poor transport provision were the result of chronic underfunding of the industry. The explanation for this is the need for industrialization in the USSR. Therefore, the tourism industry was provided on a residual basis.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Martynenko A.V. —
Main tendencies in the development of the intellectual culture of Islam in the modern and contemporary history
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2012. – ¹ 1.
– P. 168 - 211.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2012.1.328 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=328
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The purpose of the article is to compare and analyze the Muslim concepts of modernism and Salafi Islam. This study is based on a civilizational approach. In this article the author analyzes both contemporary concepts of Islam (al-Afghani, Abduh, Gasprinsky, etc.), and Salafist doctrine (al-Wahhab, Sayyid Qutb). The scope of this work includes oriental studies, political science, religious studies. The main conclusion of the article: the modernist and the Salafi approach to Islamic traditions define the basic discourse of Muslim culture XVIII – XXI centuries.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Kodan S.V. —
The Council of People’s Commissars and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks order…”Joint normative legal acts of the Communist Party and the Soviet State within the system of sources of Soviet law
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 1.
– P. 39 - 53.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.1.17674 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17674
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Abstract:
The established within USSR system of administration and regulation of public relations in the Soviet society represented a conglomerate of the Communist Party and the government. The Soviet state acting as a mechanism in realization of ideological and political decisions of the Russian Communist Party-the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks-the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and its legislative activity in its foundation was determined by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. At the same time, the Communist Party did not possess official constitutional authorities for decreeing the normative obligatory for the entire population acts, thus was initially using a particular form of legalization of its decisions – joint acts of the Party and the state. This article reveals the place and role of the joint orders of the Party’s Central Committee and the Soviet State of normative legal character as the means of broadcasting into society the politico-ideological decisions of the party, as well as the combined efforts of the party and state apparatus towards the determination and solution of the questions of managing the social, political, and economic processes.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Vasilchenko M.A., Zakharov A.M. —
“A Foreign City”: Dr. František Langer and the battles for Kazan in August – September 1918
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 4.
– P. 131 - 137.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.4.35379 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=35379
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the participation of the soldiers and officers of Czechoslovak Corps on the Volga front of the Russian Civil War reflected in the documentary novel by F. Langer. The goal of this work consists in the analysis of evolution of the relations of Czechoslovak legionnaires on the Russian events in the context of the large-scale socioeconomic crisis. The research is based on the novel by F. Langer, which was written in 1920 but became available for scholarly reflection almost a century later. This novel introduces new records on the events of 1918 in Kazan, which became a turning point in the battle for the Volga Region, and allows revising the chronology of protest moods within the Czechoslovak Corps. The most well-known manifestation of the refusal from participation in combat operations is the actions of the personnel of the 1st regiment of the corps under the command of the Colonel Y. Shvets, who committed suicide in the late autumn of 1918. This fact is regarded as most striking manifestation of demoralization of the military personnel; however, these symptoms could be traced in September if referred to the text of F. Langer’s chronicles, which has not previously become the subject of scientific analysis. The documentary novel expand the boundaries of protest moods in the soldier environment; it forms a solid representation on the intrapersonal conflict among the participants of the events back in the early September of 1918, which adds more details on the motivation of the participants of combat operations. The conclusion is made that the Czechoslovak Corps, solving virtually pointless battlefield tasks, not only suffered heavy losses, but also lost the meaning of its actions in general. The work of F. Langer indicates the first protest moods among the soldiers in the early autumn of 1918.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Skrydlov A. —
“The Case of Professors” in 1821 at St. Petersburg University in the history of Russian statistics
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 11.
– P. 156 - 168.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.11.36856 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=36856
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Abstract:
This publication is written in commemoration of the 200th anniversary of the “Case of Professors" of St. Petersburg University, which heralds the important stage in the formation of conservative policy of the Russian government in the sphere of science and education. The object of this research is the impact of the events of 1821 upon the development of government science in Russia – the early direction of statistical science. The author analyzes the prerequisites for the emergence of political-economic direction of government science in Russia, draws parallel with the traditional German school, outlines the key peculiarities – attempt to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the phenomena under review, establish causal relationships between them, appose government science with political economics. In the course of the “Case of Professors”, two of the most prominent representatives of this scientific direction – C. T. Hermann and K .I. Arsenyev were exposed to harsh criticism by the officials of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education. Leaning on the published and archival sources, the article explores the arguments of M. L. Magnitsky, I. S. Laval, A. N. Golitsyn on the topic of teaching statistics at the university. The conclusion is made that the major complaint of the officials to the teaching techniques and scientific works of Hermann and Arsenyev was their extensive interpretation of the subject of statistical science. The opponents of the scholars sought to bring the government science back to the traditional for the XVIII century descriptive school, as well as limit it solely to the empirical methods. It is indicated that the prohibition against using the works of Hermann and Arsenyev in the educational institutions entail significant consequences and halted the development of political-economic direction of government science for over two decades. The university statistical education returned to this tradition only after 1835, with the adoption of the new university charter.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Zalietok N. —
British women in the First World War
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 2.
– P. 50 - 65.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.2.14066 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=14066
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Abstract:
The study of the peculiar position of British women and their involvement in the military campaign during the First World War are of great interest to scientists in the context of a large-scale struggle for the women’s emancipation that covered Britain in the early XX century. Activities of British women as members of the women’s auxiliary services and rear workers largely predetermined their future position in the society. The goal of this article is to analyze the main types of employment of British women during the military campaign of 1914-1918, as well as their attitude towards the war through the prism of social stereotypes. In the course of the study a historical-comparative method, a problem-chronological method, an analytical and psychological method, a statistical method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis were used. The author concludes that in the period of the First World War, due to the conscription of a large number of men in the army, the list of jobs available to the female population significantly expanded. This case concerned members of the women’s auxiliary services as well as women rear workers. In addition, in this period women were active participants of campaigns that represented polar ideological directions – from pacifism to direct appeals to men to join the army. Traditional gender views on the role of women in this period, due to the military situation, were slightly diminished. At the same time, along with admiration for isolated examples of women's sacrifice, the majority of ordinary British women – members of the women’s auxiliary services and rear workers – were often subjected to condemnation by the society.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Pirozhok S.S. —
Robert von Mohl: contribution into the better understanding and systematization of the knowledge on state, law, and society
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 6.
– P. 49 - 60.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.6.17534 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17534
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the relevant part of the theoretical-legal heritage of the prominent German scholar and politician of the XIX century – Robert von Mohl (1799-1875). The work examines the following aspects: the establishment and genesis of Robert von Mohl state-legal views; his concepts in the area of domestic administration of German Empire; his outlook upon the government’s activity on resolution of the social issues; as well as views upon the place and role of public associations in life of the state and society, character of their interaction and mutual impact. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that this work is first to perform a special comprehensive research and interpretation of the theoretical-legal heritage of Robert von Mohl. The author presents the biographical facts of the scholar, gives characteristics to his contribution into the development of foreign and Russian science of the police law, as well as underlines the achievement of the German professor in development of the German culture. The article analyzes the Robert von Mohl views regarding the problems of the domestic administration, mechanism of ensuring and realization of the mutual rights and responsibilities of the state and its citizens. Attention is given to the fact that Robert von Mohl was not only one of the first who referred to the issue of social (labor) question, but also formulates the propositions on its resolution.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Kozlov M.N. —
Late pagans of the Ancient Rus
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 5.
– P. 205 - 215.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.5.19338 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=19338
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Abstract:
For the first time in Russian science, the subject of this research became the history of the late pagan communities of Ancient Rus (the end of the X-XII centuries), their socioeconomic structure and lifestyle. The author presented several dominant in the modern historiography antagonist theories associated with the problems of Christianization of Ancient Rus during the pre-Mongolian era. Based on the analysis of the written sources and data, the archeologist were able to trace the main directions of the escape of the population from the forced Christianization (the end of the X-beginning of the XI centuries), as well as demonstrate the types of the late pagan communities, and presence of pagans in multiple Russian cities of the early Christian epoch. On the example of the pagan community of the Zbruch cult center, the author carries outs a historical analysis of the socioeconomic structure of late pagans, and partially follows their lifestyle. The conclusion is made that a certain part of Eastern Slavic people did not accept Christianity, and under the leadership of the priests of the pagan cult migrated to the sparsely populated wooded regions of the Western, Northern, and Northeastern Rus. They were able to preserve a part of their pagan sanctuaries in many of the large cities and villages of Rus, as well as establish a major pagan complex in the territory of Galicia Province, which became a shelter for the highest representatives of the pagan cult headed by the ruling priest.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Gonta S.N. —
War in Rhodesia (1965-1979): fight against terrorists or civil conflict?
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2023. – ¹ 7.
– P. 45 - 57.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2023.7.43415 EDN: TBNIFI URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=43415
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Abstract:
The article is devoted to the study of the war between the Rhodesian government and the black rebels from 1965 to 1979. The relevance of the work is due to the lack of fundamental research on these events in modern Russian historiography. The object of the study is the armed conflict in the territory of the Rhodesia, which took place in 1965-1979. The subject of the study is the activities of the rebel organizations that opposed the white government of the country. The author studied in detail the main events of the war in Rhodesia. Also, the work defines the role of external influence on the parties to the conflict under consideration, special attention is paid to the study of terrorist acts that were committed by members of rebel organizations. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the war in Rhodesia (1965-1979) was a civil conflict, while also being a local conflict within the global confrontation between capitalist and socialist countries. At the same time, the actions of the rebel organizations were by no means just a struggle for independence, but were accompanied by bloody terrorist acts against the civilian population.The scientific novelty of the article lies in the study of the main events of the military conflict, as well as in the study of the methods of fighting the rebels against the government of Rhodesia. The author's special contribution to the study of the topic is a detailed description of the terrorist acts in Rhodesia that were committed by members of the rebel organizations.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Stepanova I., Gavrilov P.V., Kutakov S.S. —
Imperial volost of Udomlya in Bezhetskaya Pyatina of the Novgorod land in the late XV – early XVI centuries: historical-geographical reconstruction in GIS
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 12.
– P. 332 - 345.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.12.36128 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=36128
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Abstract:
This article provides the results of research of the territorial arrangement of the largest volost of Udomlya, which belonged to the Novgorod Archbishop prior to Novgorod land was annexed by Moscow. The author conducts localization of the toponymy of volost in accordance to the cadastre of 1498/99, which contained the characteristics of pogosts and dozens volosts. The article leans on the geoinformation technologies. For localization of settlements, the author linked the borders of land dachas and toponymy of the Economic Notes of the late XVIII century. This described the territory of the volost compactly located in northwestern Tver Region of Bezhetskaya Pyatina of the Novgorod land. This article is first to localize the territory of the volost of Udomlya located in northwestern Tver Region of Bezhetskaya Pyatina of the Novgorod land. Characteristic is given to the territories of pogost districts and dozens the volost was divided. The author clarifies the location of the centers of pogosts; most densely populated areas were in the basin of lakes Udomlya and Pesvo and the rivers Sezha and Volchina. It is established that volost included two pogosts – Spassky and Ilyinsky, which ceased to exist as pogost districts by the mid XVI century. The settlement pattern of dozens testifies to the gradual disintegration of the decimar system in volost by the late XV – early XVI centuries.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Shayakhmetova T.E. —
Legal regulation of execution of punishment in form of deprivation of freedom in the Russian Empire in XIX century
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 4.
– P. 83 - 90.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.4.18370 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=18370
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Abstract:
Deprivation of freedom, as the preventative punishment and criminal sanction, has a lengthy history in the Russian legislation. Execution of punishment in form of the deprivation of freedom has not been determined as an independent branch, and manifested as the institution of police law. The subject of this research is the direction of legal regulation of police activity in the Russian empire of XIX century, associated with the implementation of provisions on the preliminary detention and realization of the correctional and criminal punishments. The main conclusion of the conducted research consists in the position that systematization of the police legislation that regulated restriction of freedom as the measure of suppression and deprivation of freedom as punishment, has been realized in the process of activity of the II department of His Imperial Majesty clerical office on systematization of the Russian legislation. It resulting in establishment of the first legislative act regarding the deprivation of freedom – “Digest of decrees about those detained in custody and exiled”, which became a part pf the XIV volume of the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, as well as completed the institutionalization of police law in this sphere.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Tychinskikh Z.A., Zinnatullina G.I. —
Elements of Shamanism in the Folk Medicine of the Siberian Tatars
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2022. – ¹ 12.
– P. 51 - 61.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2022.12.39304 EDN: WCOILI URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=39304
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Abstract:
The purpose of the article is to examine, on the basis of field ethnographic materials collected by the authors in the Tyumen, Omsk and Novosibirsk regions during a number of field seasons, the relics of shamanism preserved in the folk medicine of the Siberian Tatars. The relevance of the study is related to the poor knowledge of this issue. The object of the study is the relics of the pre–Islamic beliefs of the Siberian Tatars, including the categories of shamans (imce, kuremce, sihyrce, kotsle mullah, etc.). The subject is their role in the traditional healing and magical rituals. The authors believe that with the spread of Islam in Western Siberia, there is a loss or significant transformation of the early common Turkic ideas about the universe, nature and essence of man. But, despite this, some elements of the common Turkic cultural and religious practice have been preserved in the culture of the Siberian Tatars. The main conclusions of the authors are the following. Magical rituals occupied a significant place in the traditional folk medicine of the Siberian Tatars. The authors show the preservation of some relics of shamanism among the Siberian Tatars, as well as categories of shamanists, which include imce, kuremce, sihyrce. The similarities and differences in their capabilities in traditional medical practice are shown: clairvoyance (kuremce, imce, sihyrce), diagnosis of diseases, treatment (imce, kuremce, sihyrce), kamlaniya (imce, sihyrce), prediction of the future, communication with spirits (kuremce, sihyrce). In connection with the important role of Sufism in Siberian Islam, it is shown that the practices inherent in shamanism were used in the treatment of Islamic clerics - mullahs.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Zharova E. —
The Laws on the Awarding of Academic Degrees in the Russian Empire as the Reflection of Differentiation in Biological Sciences
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2012. – ¹ 2.
– P. 236 - 272.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2012.2.438 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=438
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Abstract:
The process of formation, development and differentiation of biology sciences in the Russian empire is considered in terms of the laws on the awarding of academic degrees. Changes of the legislation in this area reflect not only the system of scientific certification, but also the formation of various branches of biology as the science that developed in the XIX century.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Nikulin V.V. —
Justice and Politics: the Balance Between Politics and Law in the Soviet System of Punishment
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2013. – ¹ 5.
– P. 1 - 59.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2013.5.747 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=747
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Abstract:
In this article conceptual views of theorists of Marxism-Leninism of a policy and right ratio are considered. The author of the article analyzes interrelation of the political doctrine of the Bolshevism with system of punishments, concrete manifestations of class policy in the system of punishments existing in the Soviet Russia in the 1920th years are shown. It is proved that in the Soviet Russia the politized right defined also class approach to definition of the principles of system of punishments. At class approach motivational action of punishment significantly decreased that inevitably influenced crime increase among "the classes". Steady templates of legal behavior, the relation to the law, generally nigilistic character were formed. The impunity and permissiveness atmosphere that conducted to the conflict of social behavior and a class association was created. It is claimed that the criminal and legal reform which is given out as revolutionary change of all criminal orientation of the Soviet right and law-enforcement system, embodied in UK RSFSR of 1926, didn't change essence of legal policy, having kept in it lines of the repressive character which has amplified to signs of legitimate terror in the late twenties. And emergency criminal measures of punishment came true various socially – the political significant reasons for a justification of ill treatment of own citizens.It is noted that the institute of legal responsibility in the Soviet Russia had unambiguously class character. It was considered to be the basis of legal responsibility not only an offense, but also socially dangerous condition of the personality. The nature of punishment in many respects was defined not by the principle of justice, and political purposefulness.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Shchedrina Y.V. —
The judges’ affiliation with political parties and question of ensuring judicial independence in Russia: historical-legal aspect
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 5.
– P. 99 - 111.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.5.20718 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20718
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the normative regulation of judges’ affiliation with political parties due to ensuring the judicial independence. Throughout the three period of development of the Russian state (pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and post-Soviet), the article examines the relation of government to membership of the judges in political parties, as well as provides statistical data on this matter. The author attempted to conduct a comprehensive research, which allows tracing the position of a legislator regarding the party status of the judges across the entire period of development of the Soviet state. The conclusion is made that during these periods of development of the Soviet state, when the government strived to establish an actually independent court, it strictly prohibited the membership of judges in political parties. Violation of such prohibition resulted in preliminary cancellation of the judiciary powers or even resignation.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Veber M. —
The mutiny of workers of Polevskoy factory against the Bolshevik authorities (17-18th of June, 1918): causes and consequences
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 6.
– P. 170 - 182.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.6.21154 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=21154
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Abstract:
The paper is devoted to the curious phenomenon of the Russian Civil War - uprisings of workers against the dictatorship of proletariat, namely, rebellions of mining population of the Urals against the Soviets in the spring and summer of 1918. One of the largest anti-Bolshevik rebellions of mining population in the Urals occurred in June 1918 in the village of Polevskoi factory, located 54 miles south-west of Yekaterinburg. These events are poorly described both in Soviet and modern Russian historiography. Based on the archive documents, memoirs and newspapers, the author reconstructs the events of the mutiny of workers of Polevskoy factory. The paper examines the complex of reasons, which provoked the mutiny against Bolsheviks. The paper also describes consequences of the mutiny, including comparison of the number of victims of red terror with the number of victims of white terror in Polevskoy factory. The author makes a conclusion about the need for national reconciliation and establishment of the general monument to the victims of the Russian Civil War in Polevskoy.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Barsukova E.A., Zhang Y. —
Proverbs and sayings in modern Chinese textbooks for studying Russian as a foreign language as tools of creating the image of Russia
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2024. – ¹ 1.
– P. 111 - 120.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.1.68988 EDN: DHAFKV URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=68988
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Abstract:
In Russian as a foreign language textbooks, proverbs and sayings dedicated to Russian culture are often encountered. These fixed expressions enrich the foreign students’ associations with Russia and its people as well as comprehensively draw a truthful and vivid image of Russian culture, and enhance the students’ interest in studying the Russian language. In the present research, proverbs and sayings are considered not only as a culturological phenomenon but also as a means of shaping an image of Russia in Russian as a foreign language textbooks. The object of the study is the Russian proverbs and sayings in modern Chinese textbooks of Russian as a foreign language. The article examines the role of the Russian proverbs and sayings as the tools for creating the image of Russia in modern Chinese textbooks of Russian as a foreign language. The material of the paper consists of proverbs and sayings in the textbooks "Russian Language in Universities" published in China from 2008 to 2014. Using continuous sampling method, we have identified more than 250 Russian proverbs and sayings. The methodology of the work combines elements of comparative and content analysis of the source data. The scientific originality of the study involves identification of the structure of Russia’s image represented by the proverbs and sayings under consideration. The article identifies and analyzes the following components of the image of Russia created by proverbs: natural, historical images, images of spiritual culture and everyday life. Proverbs and sayings are a phenomenon of human existence, fragments and treasures of popular wisdom. They reflect the natural image, character, mentality, worldview of the people who created them, their traditions, customs, and history, etc. Considering both linguistic and extralinguistic factors, the author concludes that in modern Chinese textbooks of Russian as a foreign language, Russian proverbs and sayings have become effective and constructive means of stimulating rich associations about Russia among students, and they shape a typical natural image, a rich image of spiritual culture, multifaceted everyday life, and a comprehensive historical image of Russia.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Naumov A.O. —
Soft power and public diplomacy of Germany: past and present
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 11.
– P. 133 - 145.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.11.33457 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=33457
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Abstract:
The concept of “soft power”, which gained popularity in recent years, was developed by the United States at the end of the Cold War. However, Germany has been using similar foreign policy tools long before the emergence of this term in 1990. The subject of this research is the German strategy of “soft power” with its own tradition and specificity that differs significantly from other countries. Public diplomacy remains the key instrument in building the “soft power” potential of Germany. Therefore, analysis is conducted on the evolution of the main vectors of “soft power” policy of the country and the activity of the key actors of its public diplomacy for the past 150 years. The article describes the use of “soft power” strategies by various political regimes that were in power in Germany. The conclusion is made that in foreign policy of the Federal Republic of Germany, which appeared on the world map in 1949, “soft power” and public diplomacy have played and continue to play an important role, allowing to achieve significant gains on the international arena in light of restrictions imposed after the World War II regarding the use of “hard power” tools. However, the German experience shows that excessive enthusiasm for building the internationally attractive image of the country may lead to quite unpredictable consequences.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Samokhina N. —
Shambhala: Myth or Historical Mystery?
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2012. – ¹ 1.
– P. 1 - 33.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2012.1.243 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=243
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Abstract:
The present article is devoted to one of the most mysterious concepts in Eastern history and philosophy - the concept of Shambhala. Is it just a myth or is Shambhala not only a myth but also a hidden historical reality? In the XIX-XX centuries that ancient Indian concept was reinterpreted in the teachings of Theosophy and Agni Yoga by E. Blavatsky and the Roerich family. There have been debates regarding philosophical ideas that were introduced to the world culture by Blavatsky and the Roerich. The present article provides a comprehensive analysis of the facts relating to the legendary spiritual abode of the East; the facts demonstrate that the allegations of the real existence of Shambhala could be a reality.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Nikulin V.V. —
Social and Legal Aspects of Anti-Corruption Enforcement in the Soviet Russia (the 1920th)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2014. – ¹ 1.
– P. 24 - 61.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2014.1.749 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=749
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Abstract:
The author of the article investigates the experience of fight against corruption in the Soviet Russia in the 1920th years against the developed new economic relations (New Economic Policy) and the analysis of legislative and law-enforcement actions of the power counteracting. The main attention is paid to counteraction to bribery, as to the most characteristic manifestation of corruption. Various aspects of manifestations of bribery and specific actions of the authorities on its minimization are considered. It is claimed that experience of fight against corruption in the 1920th years testifies that, despite drastic legislative measures, corruption in the form of bribery appeared the unbeaten phenomenon of the Soviet-Russian reality, remaining the most essential component of nomenclature crime. Is shown that corruption changed and continued to exist. The bribe during strengthening of fight against it becomes latent, sophisticated, with attraction of the whole chain of intermediaries and use of the hidden methods of receiving. The conclusion that corruption was in many respects generated by the system is drawn and "military and bureaucratic dictatorship" generated them. Dictatorship promoted development of psychology of impunity of the nomenclature, aggravated with system of its withdrawal from punishment, destruction morally - moral principles of society that led to elimination of constraining motives of behavior. The situation was aggravated with low cultural level in the mass of the Soviet officials, the mutual responsibility reigning in the nomenclature environment, negative attitude to the law and confidence that received material benefits from a held post – deserved remuneration of the winner. Without having before revolution in what Russia - or especially recognized high situation, Bolsheviks, having come to the power, reached the highest position in the Russian society. Is shown as the consciousness of own exclusiveness easily turned into permissiveness. Situation was aggravated with lack of independent judicial system that generated low efficiency of national vessels, corruption of judges didn't allow to use the most important principle of punishment – its inevitability, to use all legal potential of the prevention and bribery eradication. The author comes to a conclusion about need for fight against corruption of application of a package of measures of legal, economic, moral character is constant and precautionary influencing potential corrupt officials.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kosov I.M. —
Rhetorical functions of bestiary in Giraldus Cambrensis’ "Topography of Ireland" (according to manuscript of the year 1200)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 5.
– P. 97 - 109.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.5.20836 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20836
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the body of miniatures of the NLI MS Giraldus 700manuscript. The object is the rhetorical tools and ways of amplification of the visual text of images of the authorial manuscript in the third version of “Topography…” into the semantic layer of stylistic of the presented treatise of the late XII century. Special attention is given to the classification and typology of miniatures in the Russian and foreign historiography. The researcher specifies the typology of the studied manuscript and its place within the tradition of the English bestiary of the High Middle Ages. The scientific novelty of this work consists in exclusion from the selection of lists of the non-contemporary to the author source – “Topography of Ireland”. In other words, based on such depicted rhetorical tools, the stylistic and rhetorical method of the medieval scribe – the logic in-phase is vividly restored. An important practical result of the conduced analysis of the miniatures will be consciousness within the framework of comparativist approach of the archetype nature of synchrony of the visual and written text as such over the period of III – XII centuries.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Tatarnikova A.I. —
Tomsk Villages in the 1900s-1920s: Dynamics of Population and Size
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2022. – ¹ 10.
– P. 49 - 58.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2022.10.38988 EDN: FILKHH URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=38988
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Abstract:
The article gives a comparative description of the development of the rural settlement network of the Tomsk county/district in three time slices: for 1904, 1911 and 1926. The object of the study is a network of rural settlements of the named sub–region, the subject is their number, typical structure and size in terms of the number of yards and the number of inhabitants. The author uses historical-comparative, historical-typological and problem methods of research, as well as the method of graphical visualization of the statistical data obtained on the development of the Tomsk settlement network. The influence of political, socio-economic and other factors on the state of the network of rural settlements is traced. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the "Lists of Populated places", which have become the main source for studying rural settlements of the county/district under consideration, the dynamics of their number, number and population are investigated, qualitative changes in the structure of the settlement network are revealed. The conclusion is made about the gradual expansion of the scale of the rural settlement network in the Tomsk subregion, the reduction of the yard and the population of the Tomsk village by 1926, its unbundling. Attention is focused on structural changes in the settlement network caused by the new agrarian and resettlement policy of the state, as well as the economic and socio-cultural modernization of the country and its individual territories.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Fando R.A. —
Nicholas Sergeevich Obraztsov (1906-1966): life journey of the forgotten scholar
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 8.
– P. 50 - 57.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.8.26780 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=26780
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the Russian scientific emigration to the United States. The subjects is the biography of the prominent entomologist Nicholas Obraztsov, who emigrated during the Great Patriotic War from the Soviet Union to Germany, and later the United States. His life journey is an illustration of a challenging fate of the Russian native, who happened to live in a foreign country, and was condemned to oblivion on his motherland. Referring to the scholar’s biography allows filling the gaps in the history of Russian natural science, which appeared due to a longtime suppression of the achievements of Russian emigrant scholars. The biography of N. S. Obraztsov is viewed with consideration of the psychological, sociocultural and thematic-disciplinary aspects. The main results lies in reconstruction of the life journey of the famous entomologist. The author analyzes the scientific contribution made by Obraztsov to the development of morphology and systematics of various groups of insects, publishing of scientific and reference literature, as well as creation of museum collections. The absence in the national historiography of the works and scientific activity of N. S. Obraztsov underlines the novelty of the presented material.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Dubinin A.I. —
The ethnic factor in international relations in the Middle East: a historical retrospective and the current state
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2023. – ¹ 6.
– P. 27 - 36.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2023.6.40988 EDN: CVQKZR URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=40988
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Abstract:
The Middle East is one of the most hot spots of our time. The close interweaving of peoples, linguistic groups, and religions makes this region one of the most "explosive". Studying the problem of ethnic conflicts in the Middle East, special attention should be paid to the history of the emergence of statehood in the countries of the region. For several centuries, the Middle East region has been a European colony. It was only by the twentieth century that most of the peoples living in the Middle East gained independence. An important role in this was played by armed groups, often professing radical Islam and claiming not only their own country, but also the territory of their "neighbors". This article is also focused on the situation of ethnic minorities who have failed to establish their own State. The most striking example is the Kurds, separated by four borders at once and living in Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria. The object of this study is the relationship between the peoples of the Middle East. The research is based on the historical and systematic method. Within its framework, the development of the states of the Middle East in the XX and XXI centuries was considered, the relationship between historical prerequisites and the current situation in the region was assessed. Along with historical methods, general scientific methods (analysis and generalization) will be involved. When writing the article, the following tasks were set:
1) To analyze the historical component of international relations in the Middle East
2) To assess the current state of interactions between countries and peoples in the region 3) To assess the degree of influence on the policy of the Middle East countries by armed groups 4) To analyze the degree of involvement of Western states in the regional agenda.
The novelty of this work lies in the analysis and study of the historical prerequisites for the formation of statehood of individual countries of the Middle East, dividing them into groups to identify signs that affect the ethnic factor in international relations in the Middle East.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kodan S.V. —
Classification of sources on the history of Russian state and law: theoretical approaches, classificatory foundations, characteristic of the types
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 11.
– P. 31 - 44.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.11.27995 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=27995
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Abstract:
This article is dedicated to one of the insufficiently studied problems within the historical-legal source study – the classification of sources on the Russian state and law. The attention is focused on the theoretical approaches towards determining the peculiarities of the sources of knowledge on the state-legal phenomena and institutions in the historical projection. The article provides general characteristics of the types and varieties of the carriers of state-legal information that manifest as the sources of establishment and development of state and law in Russia. Methodology leans on the approaches to classification of sources that established in the historical source study applicable to the specificity of studying the carriers of historical-legal information. The scientific novelty consists in the proposed concept of classification of sources on the history of state and law based on the theoretical approaches of historical source study, applicable to understanding of the nature of government administration and normative regulation. The proposed classificatory scheme is defined by the need of including into the scientific discourse of a broad range of information carriers that allow exceeding the limits of positivist approach within the historical-legal research.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Pashkovsky P.I., Kryzhko E.V., Bliznyakov R.A. —
Pilgrimage as a Phenomenon and Features of Russian Pilgrimage Activities in Palestine in the Second Half of the 19th – early 20th Centuries
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2024. – ¹ 5.
– P. 63 - 72.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.5.70781 EDN: CXQALD URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=70781
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Abstract:
The author considers the problem of the essence of the phenomenon of pilgrimage and its manifestations using the example of pilgrimage activities of the Russian Empire in Palestine in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The methodological basis of the research is the provisions of neorealism and the systems approach, the derivative of which was the use of historical-genetic, comparative and activity methods. It is shown that pilgrimage is defined as a journey to holy places and relics of sacred significance along a certain route for religious, health or other purposes. This activity includes four stages and is characterized by the presence of seven functions: spiritual-educational; educational; missionary; communication; uniting parishes; charitable; exchange of experience. The tradition of traveling to holy places has existed throughout human history. In the Christian era the inextricable connection of pilgrimage with religious experience became a special practice. It was revealed that the experience of Russian pilgrimage includes five stages. The third (Palestinian) stage is characterized by an increase in the Russian Empire's interest in the Middle East region. This necessitated the need to argue Russia’s intentions regarding the territories of the Ottoman Empire, contributing to the strengthening of the Russian spiritual presence in Palestine and the intensification of the pilgrimage movement in this direction, which from the second half of the 19th century consistently supported at the state and church levels. As a result, the Russian Spiritual Mission was founded, land plots were acquired and developed in the Holy Land, and infrastructure was created. State and church structures accompanying this activity were founded. Then the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society was created, which became the main organizer of the Russian spiritual presence, missionary and pilgrimage activities in the region during the period under review.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Gigauri D.I., Korovin K.S. —
Revolutionary myth of “proletarian dictatorship” in the Soviet constitutional doctrine of 1918 and visual communication
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 11.
– P. 40 - 57.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.11.31215 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31215
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Abstract:
This article is dedicated to representation of the myth of “proletarian dictatorship” in the Soviet constitutionalism. Having emerged in the XIX century, this mythologem experienced certain transformations as a result of targeted work of the party leaders, legal experts and scholars on creating the first Soviet constitution. Later, its ideological content received normative consolidation in legislation. A symbolic reflection of revolutionary myth became the national holidays, demonstrations, cinematography and theatre, banners and other cultural phenomena that contributed to formation of the new civil consciousness. The authors trace the origin of the concept of “proletarian dictatorship”, as well as its further evolution in Lenin’s doctrine on the state. The description of symbolic practices of representation of ideological framework of the Soviet revolutionary regime allows demonstrating the practical implementation of the new type of constitutionalism – the Soviet. The article substantiates the gradual arrangement of the idea of “proletarian dictatorship” as a fundamental myth of the early Soviet State, as well as examines its visual and communicative aspects. The novelty of this historical-legal research is defined by the use of interdisciplinary approach and comprehensive analysis of the Soviet national ideology. The conclusion is made that the legal ideas contained in the Soviet constitutional doctrine proliferate and reproduce through large-scale cultural manifestations that create revolutionary institutions and examples of civil behavior. At the same time, the myth of “proletarian dictatorship” serves as distinct cultural foundation for the new political legal regime that expresses the essence of the Soviet constitutionalism.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Yunina E.A. —
Photographic studio with a female face. The spouses Ussakovsky: marital and creative union in sociocultural space of Tobolsk of the late XIX – min XX century (the experience of historical-cultural analysis and regional biography)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 12.
– P. 93 - 158.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.12.31893 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31893
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Abstract:
This article presents the results of personification of the evolution of photography in Tobolsk during the late XIX – min XX century, demonstrated on the example of biographies of I. K. Ussakovsky and his spouse M. M. Ussakovskaya – owner of one of the most popular photographic studio in the city. The research methodology leans on the historical-genetic, descriptive-narrative, retrospective and historiographical methods; historical-anthropological and micro-historical approaches, with application of the biographical tools and method of historical reconstruction. On the basis of the newly revealed archival documents and published data alongside the analysis of products and teaser advertising of the studio of M. Ussakovskaya, the author comprehensively reconstructs the family history and professional activity of the spouses Ussakovsky in accordance with the political situation in the country. For 37 years, the studio of M. Ussakovskaya has been one of the leading public-cultural establishments of Tobols in the area of photography services. It was attended mostly by the privileged part of the population. After the change of political regime, the studio quickly enough readjusted to the transformed structure of everyday life of the city. The lead in the mastery of photography in the marital tandem belonged to I. K. Ussakovsky. He was responsible for execution of practical and organizational tasks in the studio, while M. M. Ussakovskaya acted as a competent representative of family business, handled the administrative work and made deals with the authorities.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Krichevtsev M.V. —
Life sentence as a type of criminal punishment in France of the late XVIII – early XIX centuries
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 12.
– P. 96 - 108.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.12.34714 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=34714
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Abstract:
This article questions the opinion established in modern French historiography on implementation of life sentence as a criminal punishment under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte (in accordance with the Criminal Code of 1810). Leaning on examination of legislative, policy drafting, and court materials, the author traces the evolution of the system of criminal penalties associated with incarceration. and determines the role of life sentence therein – since the adoption of first criminal laws in the era Great Revolution until the revision Napoleonic Criminal Code in 1832, and the court of Peers under Louis-Philippe I. The acquires materials demonstrate that after long absence of the Consulate and Early Empire in the time of Revolution, life sentence was envisaged by the Criminal Code of 1810 as an alternative measure to penal servitude for life or deportation (for criminals of senior age), rather than an separate type of criminal punishment. Reference to the practice of the court of Peers during the Restoration and the July Monarchy suggests that life sentence became a separate type of criminal punishment only with the advent of verdict passed by Peers with regards to 1830 case of former ministers. This sentence was based on the combination of legislative and court functions in actions of the Chamber of Peers as higher justice authority, and thus was of constitutive nature. The conclusion is made that the implementation of life sentence in French criminal law should be attributed to the time of the July Monarchy rather than the ruling of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Korolev A.A., Koroleva L.A., Mol'kin A.N. —
Pentecostal Movement in the USSR. 1950 - 1980
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2013. – ¹ 6.
– P. 125 - 131.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2013.6.9378 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=9378
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Abstract:
In article the provision of a pyatidesyatnichestvo in the USSR in the 1950-1980th is analyzed. In 1944-1945 Pentecostals were combined with baptists, but the part the pyatidesyatnicheskikh of communities refused to obey to this "project".The geography of distribution of Pentecostals in the USSR covered Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia.Some Pentecostals followed the doctrine "nonresistance to the evil" and refused to take in hand the weapon, for what were exposed to persecutions in the USSR.From the second half of the 1960th fight for emigration becomes the main content of oppositional activity of Pentecostals. Till 1974 the Soviet management at all didn't consider the application of Pentecostals on emigration as there were no calls and visas. Pentecostals used in the fight as the main means, - appeals to the international organizations, to specific officials; besides - hunger strikes, press conferences, unauthorized penetrations into foreign embassies, attempts of illegal emigration, etc. However it should be noted that unlike baptists, activity of Pentecostals didn't meet a wide resonance in the West. The Moscow human rights activists tried to give real help to Pentecostals.In 1979 in the USSR "Council of churches of Pentecostals" was created. In 1980 the human rights group of evangelical Christians Pentecostals of RSFSR was formed.Since the end of the 1980th in the state and confessional relations there is a change. Now on the territory of Russia operate the Russian church of Christians of Evangelican Faith; United Church of Christians of Evagelical Faith and Russian Union of Christians of Evagelical Faith.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sosnin A.V. —
Civil procedural law according to the Digest of Laws of the Russian Empire in 1832-1857
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 6.
– P. 227 - 255.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.6.17355 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17355
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Abstract:
This article examines the question of genesis of the legislative structure of the Digest of Laws of the Russian Empire of 1832. The author analyzes the theoretical ides, basic principles and rules of drafting of the Digest of civil procedural laws. A special attention is given to the construction projects of the system of civil procedural legislation. During the course of examining the legislation structure of the Digest of laws, the author determines the correlation between the elements and the peculiarities of public relations. The author reviews civil procedural law, evolution of the Russian civil procedural law, modern historical legal science, as well as history of the Russian procedural law. It is noted that in the courts of this time period were known for bribery ; it was considered as bureaucracy – corrupted, ignorant, unaccountable, but at the same time was silent before the highest authorities.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Nilogov A.S., Bogdanova I.I. —
To genealogy of the history of Russian historians of the XVIII-XX centuries (based on the materials of metrical books of St. Petersburg Central State Historical Archive)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 8.
– P. 112 - 126.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.8.19569 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=19569
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Abstract:
This historical-genealogical research attempted to find the authentic metrical records on the birth, baptizing, death, funeral, burial of the prominent Russian historians who live in St. Petersburg in the XVIII – beginning of the XX centuries. It became possible using online access to the recently digitalized metrical books of the churches of Petrograd spiritual chancery, which are stored in the St. Petersburg Central State Historical Archive. Such illustrative biographical information can be valuable for the genealogists and historiographers for the purpose of further examination of the biographies and ancestry of the Russian historians. During the course of this work, the authors detected the records about the birth/baptizing of K. D. Kavelin (1814), L. P. Krasavin (1882), L. N. Gimilyov (1912), death/funeral/burial of M. V. Lomonosov (1765), N. M. Karamzin (1826), K. D. Kavelin (1885). Particularly, the authors were able to discover a metrical record about death of the historiographer N. M. Karamzin, whose 250th anniversary of birth was held in 2016, same as 190th anniversary since death.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Moreeva S. —
Analysis of the foreign trade activity of Russia since beginning of the World War I until lifting of the economic blockade
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 5.
– P. 61 - 72.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.5.20554 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20554
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Abstract:
The subject of this research (carried out based on the results of scientific research work on the topic “Economic and legal aspects of foreign trade activity of Russia since the beginning of the XX century: past, present, and prospects”) is Russia’s foreign trade over the period from the mid 1914 until the early 1921. The author analyzes the transformation of the Russian foreign trade policy and transactions associated with the country’s participation in the World War I, as well as domestic events of the following years, trade and "golden” embargo of Soviet Russia from the side of the Western countries. The work traces the sequential changes in state regulation of the foreign trade activity: transition from the limited meddling of the government into foreign trade activity, towards the prohibitive-permissive system of regulation with the further establishment of state monopoly in foreign trade right after the October Revolution. Using the acquired statistical data, the author demonstrates how the participation in the WWI alongside the following domestic events affecter the trade balance of the country, volume and structure of export and imports, as well as the list of Russia’s trade partners.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Korobitcyna L.V. —
Alan John Percivale Taylor – public figure and popularizer of history
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 3.
– P. 84 - 90.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.3.24612 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24612
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Abstract:
During the years of the World War II, British government paid particular attention to formation of public opinion inside and outside the country, organizing the research institutes and statutory authorities on creation of the black and white propaganda, as well as attracting prominent historian scholars to cooperation. One of the remarkable representatives of the experts-intellectuals was Alan John Percivale Taylor, the author of several works written on request of the Directorate on the military policy affairs. The subject of this research is the activity of the famous British scholar and popularized of history A. J. P. Taylor, whose participation in the sequence of radio lectures of 1940’s laid the foundation for the development of popular science television. Methodological basis contains the principles of microhistorical approach that allows determining a number of trends characteristic to the entire British intellectual continuum of the late XX century. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the indicated problem was not fully covered in the national historical science, thus this article will attempt to fill the gaps regarding the engagement of the British intellectuals into media space during the war and post-war years. A conclusion is made that participation of the representatives of academic environment in propagandistic activities through using such high-tech for the 1940’s mass media as radio and television, contributed to origination of the popular science and educational programs.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Zhirova N.S. —
Relationship between the group “Kirti” and Communist Party of India (1925-1942)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 11.
– P. 30 - 36.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.11.24712 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24712
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the examination of peculiarities of the relationship between the Communist Party of India and the group “Kirti” – center of the revolutionary nationalistic party “Ghadar” that was closely related to the Communist International. The author sets a task to explore the interaction process of the aforementioned organization over the period of 1925-1942, determine the contradictions between them, reveal the specificities of the Communist International pertinent to the two parties, as well as analyze the attempts of conflict resolution between the Communist Party and the group “Kirti” that ultimately led to unification of the indicated organizations in 1942. The scientific novelty of this work consists in coverage of the previously unknown pages in the history of the Communist Party of India, and insufficiently studied in the national historiography group “Kirti” along with the official section of the Communist International that was the conductor of interests of the latter in India. This became possible due to the attraction of materials of the Russian State Archive of Sociopolitical History, as well as published documents by the Intelligence Bureau and works of the Indian historians.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Khaliulina A.I. —
Language and cultural development of Tatar minority in Bashkortostan
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 5.
– P. 97 - 108.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.5.25881 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25881
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the language and cultural development of ethnic groups in the polynational region. The object of this research is the Tatars of Bashkortostan. The problems of ethnocultural development of Tatar language population in Bashkortostan in the late 1980’s have become an accelerator in creation of Tatar national cultural clubs and organizations, which raised concerns regarding the studying of Tatar language in schools of the Republic, creation of theatres and philharmonic halls in Tatar language districts, expansion of the mass media in Tatar language. Methodological foundation is the historical-chronological method that allows revealing the indicated processes in diachronic cut, as well as sociological method that views the language and cultural development of Tatar minority in polynational region in synchronic cut. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time with the attraction of normative document on language issues and results of sociological survey, an attempt was made to describe the language and cultural development of Tatar language population in Bashkortostan. A conclusion is made that all of the aforementioned problems to a certain extent were realized by the republican authorities, although some questions remained unnoticed and were not removed from the agenda. Among the paramount, in accordance with an opinion of Tatar intelligentsia, is recognition the Tatar as national language alongside the Bashkir and Russian. The author underlines that insufficient TV and radio coverage in Tatar language, as well as lack of organization of education in the native Tatar language. The listed problems have constantly been raised by the republican authorities.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sevostyanova E., Skobina E.A. —
Delimitation of the China-Russia border since the XVI century until 1917
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 5.
– P. 19 - 31.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.5.26151 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=26151
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Abstract:
This article examines the key landmarks in delimitation of the China-Russia border since the XVI century until 1917, as well as its peculiarities. Russia and China are the two state that historically never had any serious armed clashes, and most questions regarding delimitation and demarcation were settled peacefully, despite the geopolitical and economic frictions, as well as territorial disputes. Regardless of difficult negotiations and an attempt of unilateral denunciation, both parties searched for a compromise and recognized the line of demarcation. Based on the chronological and problem-historical method, the article analyzes the key landmarks in delimitation and demarcation of the borders. A conclusion is substantiated on the existence of an objective need for factual establishment and legal formalization of the borderline. The legal formalization of the border lagged behind its factual establishment because on one hand, both parties did not have the required resources, while on the other – both empires had the concealed colonization plans. The delimitation took place in the territories that belonged neither to Russian or Chinese empires, but were of same importance for both countries. Their legal status has been changed accordingly. Delimitation not only considered the existing natural barriers – rivers and mountain ridges, but for the first time established the artificially determined landmarks. Legal aspect of agreement execution was improved by establishing jurisdiction for border violators, determining the legal regime of border checking, formalizing the border markers by protocols. The difficulties with the demarcation are already confirmed by the fact that the legal arrangement of 1689 continued into the XXI century.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Gonta S.N. —
Armed Forces and Police of Independent Rhodesia (1965-1979). Part 1: Police
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2024. – ¹ 1.
– P. 167 - 179.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.1.68820 EDN: DAYQPK URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=68820
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Abstract:
This research is devoted to the study of the functioning of the Rhodesian Security Forces (the general name for the police and army forces of Rhodesia) during the years of its de facto independence from 1965 to 1979. The relevance of the study is due to the absence in domestic historiography of any fundamental research that would be devoted to this issue. The subject of the study is the Rhodesian Security Forces. In this (first) part of the work are considered the activities of the Rhodesian police after its declaration of independence. The author has studied the history of the development of the Rhodesian police from its founding until the official cessation of activity in 1980. Also, the author presents data on the number, racial composition, technical equipment, structure of units and other information about the police forces of Rhodesia. After the declaration of independence, the Rhodesian police faced difficulties, but even in such conditions they managed to maintain combat effectiveness and continue to improve. Based on this article, conclusions can be drawn about the important role played by the Rhodesian police in maintaining law and order in a country that was actually involved in the counter-terrorism struggle throughout its existence. Also, we can conclude that the Rhodesian police were only partly a “racist” structure, since most of the police were of African origin, although there were certain restrictions for them.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Stepanov M.G. —
The role of civil aviation of the Republic of Khakassia in development of internal migration of population (mid 1940’s – late 1980’s)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 12.
– P. 131 - 139.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.12.28161 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=28161
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The subject of this research is the impact of civil aviation upon internal migration in the Khakassia Autonomous District of Krasnoyarsk Krai during the mid 1940’s – late 1980’s. Special attention is given to the development of aircraft infrastructure, expansion of flight geography, renewal of aircraft fleets, growth of labor migration due to the construction of Sayansk territorial industrial complex. A conclusion is made that with the opening of medium-range flights of the Abakan Airport led to the increasing interest in culture and history of Khakassia, and thus the growing tourist flow. In the course of this study, the author applied the following research methods: historical-comparative, historical-generic, historical-systemic, historical-structural and historical-typological. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this article analyzes the impact of civil aviation of Khakassia upon the growth of internal migration of population, as well as introduces the materials from the National Archive of the Republic of Khakassia into the scientific discourse, which were classified until 2015 and were not available for examination.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Yunina E.A. —
To the question of use of the photographic materials in reconstruction of everyday life in Western Siberian province of the late XIX – early XX century, based on the example of regional photo collection
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 12.
– P. 32 - 57.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.12.28535 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=28535
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Abstract:
The goal of this article is the synoptic characteristic of the photographed visual sources applied in the process of reconstruction of everyday life of the residents of Russian periphery, as well as models of everyday routine of the diverse social, professional and age groups of urban population of the late XIX – early XX century. For detailed and gradual examination of this topic, the range of sources was limited by photo collections of Tobolsk and Tyumen. This article is first to describe and introduce into the scientific discourse of the set of photos of several local collections preserved in the state museums, as well as private and family archives. Methodological foundation contains the principles of historical anthropology and visual history, combined with the micro-historical approach towards exploring the local photo collections of various types. Micro-historical approach is specified by studying the local collections, with application of systemic and structural-functional analysis, comprehensive and descriptive approaches, historical-typological method, as well as paramount in working with photo collections method of museum classification and attribution. The scientific novelty is defined by the use of photo documents as the backbone and independent sources in studying the history of everyday life of Western Siberian cities during the period of rapid growth of photographic industry in Russia, which fell on the turn of the XIX – XX centuries.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sennitskaya E.V. —
The system of Orthodox fasts in Russia as the means of deterring migration of peasants and the actions of rebel or bandit squads
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 12.
– P. 184 - 246.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.12.31096 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31096
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the Orthodox fasts and customs that prohibited consumption of certain food products. The author examines the history of evolution of fasts, namely the circumstances of emergence of the first printed Charter (Typicon) in 1610; as well as compares the articles on fasts of the Typicons of 1610, 1633, and 1641. The article employs the following methods: 1) geophysical (comparison of the time of fasts with the periods of ice drift, high water, freeze-up, and agricultural cycles in Central Russia); 2) comparative-historical (reveals the logic of prohibitions and their development stages); 3) systemic (prohibition of certain food products is viewed an element of government policy aimed at prevention of migration); 4) ethno-psychological (substantiation of prohibitions); 5) linguistic (analysis of the texts of Typicon). The conclusion is formulated that the system of fasts set by Typicon of 1610 served the following goals: 1) to consolidate the traditional agricultural practices; 2) to prevent the free movement of rebel bandit squads; 3) to create obstacles for independent sale of agricultural products by peasants and, thus benefit the feudales via wholesale purchase of peasant goods and their sale; 4) to hinder peasant transitions (serfdom). The hypothesis is advanced on the mechanism of enslaving peasants based on toughening the system fasts. The Charter of 1610 itself was passed due to imminent threat for the government Vasiliy IV Shuisky during the Time of Troubles for the purposed of reducing the influx of rebels and impede the transitions of peasants, which deprived the feudales of northern territories with less fertile lands were deprived of workforce, and thus the ability to equip the military at their own expense. The system of prohibitions implied the food obtained by hunting, so the peasants would move solely via river channels controlled by the government. The impact of such prohibitions may explain the irrational river routs Y. Pugachev instead of the road path to Moscow.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Korovin K.S. —
Lenin’s understanding of the right of nations to self-determination and the Soviet constitutional doctrine of 1922-1923
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 12.
– P. 180 - 189.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.12.31829 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31829
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Abstract:
The internationalist socialist ideas, originated in Europe and reflected in the ideas of Bolsheviks, manifested in the slogan of the right of nations to self-determination. The genesis of such principle using methodology of the history of notions allowed determining the conceptual grounds of the Soviet constitutional project. Prior to the Revolution of 1905, V. I. Lenin started to write on the national self-determination, in which he initially saw the bourgeois and counterrevolutionary content. However, by 1913 Lenin attached the class and proletarian meaning to it, since it became evident to Bolsheviks that tactically the use of bourgeois nationalism may be profitable for integrating the socialist republics into a single union. The period from 1917 to 1921 the principle of sovereign equality of states was recognizes at the party congresses and conferences; in essence, the right to secession for the constituent republics of USSR was formulated. It is worth noting that the aforementioned ideas reflected in the Treaty and Declaration on the Creation of the USSR, and later in the Soviet Constitution, which concept was elaborated in 1922-1923. Namely the question on the form and content of the constitution founding document of the future union became the matter of disputes, as the right of nations to self-determination dictated particular framework for sovereignty of the republics. The article provides a detailed analysis of genesis of the idea of self-determination of the nations in V. I. Lenin’s political doctrine, as well as its implementation in the constitutional doctrine of the future Union State.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Ippolitov S.S. —
Russian émigrés in Germany: psychological situation as a humanitarian program (1917-1920)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 1.
– P. 82 - 93.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.1.31903 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31903
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Abstract:
The author examines the psychological adaptation of Russian émigré in the German society during the period in question. Special attention is paid to the Russian humanitarian organizations as communication channels between the Russian refugees and authorities of the hosting countries with regards to distribution of humanitarian aid, solution of legal and administrative issues; humanitarian situation among former Russian prisoners of the World War I in Europe; psychological state of Russian emigrants as a humanitarian problem of white émigré. Methodological framework consists of the principles of historicism and systematicity. The latter implies studying the problem in inseparable connection with the processes and events taking place in society at the particular moment in history. The author examines the history of Russian humanitarian activity in emigration as an element of general historical context in development of the country. This article is first within the Russian historiography to consider the psychological peculiarities of adaptation of Russian émigrés in the European society; as well as introduce into the scientific discourse previously unpublished autograph of the prominent émigré writer and publisher Roman Borisovich Gul. Depressive trends, cultural famine, transformation of moral image were frequent occurrences in the moral-psychological climate of Russian communities, due to the circumstances of long-term isolated living in the refugee camps in Germany. As a counterbalance to the gradually vanishing hopes, as a so-called compensation for the emerged spiritual vacuum, in the moods of Russian émigrés have formed the centripetal tendencies, desire to unite national groups, isolate from antagonistic external environment, create the own “Russian” world in a foreign land.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Belukhin N.E. —
“Rebellious Parliament”: period of the “policy of reservations” in Denmark-NATO Relations (1982-1988)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 4.
– P. 47 - 57.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.4.35530 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=35530
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the foreign policy of Denmark in the 1980s. The subject of this research on the one hand is the ideological foundations of Denmark's foreign policy during this period, which were strongly affected by the ideas of European social democracy, and on the other hand – the influence of the Danish Parliament (Folketing) upon the formation of Denmark’s official position on the issues of European security discussed within the framework of NATO. Denmark’s refutation of neutrality after the World War II and its entry into NATO in many ways determined the foreign policy position of Denmark throughout the Cold War as a small European state that perceived the Soviet Union as a threat to national security. At the same time, the desire of Denmark of maintain maximum flexibility and avoid making far-reaching commitments within the framework of NATO, led to the fact that Denmark was often perceived as an unreliable and inconvenient ally. The period from 1982 to 1988 indicates the Atlantic dissidence of Denmark and simultaneous improvement of relations with the Soviet Union), when Denmark’s representatives in the NATO sessions, being obliged to take into account the position of the parliamentary majority in the Folketing, were forced to make reservations to the final documents of the sessions, expressing disagreement or criticism of implemented measures. Among the Russian scholars dealing with the history of Denmark, this period has not yet received wide coverage. This article is an attempt to describe and explain the causes and consequences of the period of the “policy of reservations” for Denmark’s foreign policy in the context of the end of Cold War and in the conditions of transition towards the post-bipolar system of international relations.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Verchenko A.L. —
Xinhai Revolution in China: the new approaches to old traditions
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2012. – ¹ 2.
– P. 191 - 235.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2012.2.374 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=374
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Abstract:
After the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 China struggled for the extirpation of customs and traditions, which hindered development of the country. Some of them like “lotus feet”, weddings on the will of the parents or fortuneteller’s advises or divorce prohibition were just prejudices in the minds of people. Others like wearing braids as a sign of submission to the Emperor of a foreign dynasty Qing were considered as derogation of the dignity of state. The thirds like smoking opium threatened the nation’s existence.
The lack of education, adherence to the old days and rituals established by the ancestors, the unwillingness of the ruling classes to lose this kind of leverage to keep the power – all these factors hindered the struggle of the progressive forces against the old ways.
The important role in the struggle against the vestiges of the past was played by the first president of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen, who during his rather short term of ruling has managed to introduce a new Western calendar, to adopt a decree on the elimination of the use of opium, foot-binding, men wearing braids, etc.
The changes took place with difficulty, causing resistance of traditionalists and lasted for many years, demonstrating that any change should take place slow, taking into account national psychology of the people, only then they will be irreversible.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Bugai N.F., Chebotareva V.G. —
Chapters of History of German Peasantry in Russia
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2013. – ¹ 1.
– P. 70 - 128.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2013.1.603 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=603
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Abstract:
The article reveals certain chapters in history of German peasantry in Russia, from involvement of German labour resources pursuant to the Manifesto of Ekaterina II (in 1973) until events of the XX century. Based on the analysis of documents, the authors of the article study participation of German peasants in the land development at the Volga Region and Novorossiysk Region during the XIX century and development of land resources in Kazakhstan during the XX century. Special attention is paid at active participation of Soviet germans in developing economy of the Soviet Union during 1940 - 1980. Previous articles were mostly devoted to forced migration of Soviet germans but in this article the authors focus on their life style in Siberia and Far North as well as Kazakhstan and Middle Asia. The authors describe their role and contribution to development of the economic potentials and spirits in the region. The authors provide names of Germans who were involved in different fields of industrial production, agriculture, state management, education, health care and sport.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Koroleva L., Korolev A.A., Mol'kin A.N. —
Youth Policy of the Russian Orthodox Church in Modern Russia: Problems and Perspectives
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2014. – ¹ 3.
– P. 53 - 59.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2014.3.11021 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=11021
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Abstract:
The article reviews one of the most important parts of the Russian Orthodox Church’s activity as a meaningful institution of the Russian society – working out and realization of the youth policy.
From the second half of the 1980s the state lived through a rise of interest to the religion. And the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) aspired to use the new opportunities at maximum to widen its influence, extend and even inculcate the Orthodox spiritual values among young people. The Russian Orthodox Church pays special attention to the youth because it is the youth that makes the future of the Russian society’s development.
In 1991 the All-Church Christian Youth Movement (ACCYM) was created at the congress of the Orthodox youth. On the order of the Holy Synod (January, 30-31, 1991) the Moscow Patriarchate Department for the Religious Education and Catechetesis was founded under the chairmanship of hegumen Ioann (I.N. Economtsev). In 1994 the first meeting of rectors of religious schools was conducted by His Holiness Alexis II Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia.
In 2000 the Synodal Department for the Youth Affairs was opened with the goal to start missions among young people and make the youth more active. Since 2001 eparchial Departments for the Youth Affairs began to open on the canonical territory of the ROC. Since that time the annual All-Russia meeting of the Orthodox youth have been conducted. In 2002 the All-Russia Orthodox Youth Movement and the children’s organization “The Fellowship of the Orthodox Pathfinders” were created.
The methodological basis of the research consists of objectivity concepts, concepts of historism, system, full consideration of social and subjective in the subject of the research and the maximum possible neutrality in the researcher’s attitude to the interpretation and estimation of the material. Where possible, the principle of social and psychological approach have been used as well as the principles of tactfulness in the estimation of facts because the specificity of the confessional practice of the ROC were strong moral and ethical characteristics of its participants. The scientific novelty is based on the attempt to analyze the youth policy of the ROC under the present-day condition.
The reality shows that the priesthood in general accepted the ideas of the Orthodox youth service and felt its taste. And though the Church does not have enough experience in tangible embodiment of such ideas (and that makes it difficult to realize the ideas), its position about the youth service becomes more clear year by year. Giving its general support to the constructive endeavours of the Russian Orthodox Church in the youth upbringing, the government must strictly follow the norms of the Confessional Law not to violate the rights of other religions and the irreligious people of the Russian Federation.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Ufimtseva E.V. —
Genesis of the system of law in Russian jurisprudence in the second part of the XIX - beginning of the XX centuries
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 4.
– P. 332 - 354.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.4.14446 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=14446
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The article is devoted to characteristic of domestic lawyers’ and historians’ of the second part of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries theoretical views about internal structure of Russian law, its analysis and description in connection with development of the conception of branch structure of domestic law in Russian jurisprudence in 1930-1950th. The author defines the concept “branch of law” which is using in modern conception of brunch structure of the system of law in contrast with some similar concepts of domestic jurisprudence of the second part of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries. Besides criteria of the distribution of legal rules between different elements of structure of law in accordance with views of domestic lawyers and historians in the second part of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries are described in this article too. The author was using general and specifically law methods and scientific approaches in writing of the article such as: methods of analysis and synthesis, method of abstraction, comparative jurisprudence method, historical and systematic approaches. The author describes the genesis of concept “branch of law” in domestic jurisprudence from beginning of the second part of the XIX century and characterizes criteria of the emergence of branches of law which were used by Russian theorists of this period of time, and the connection of these criteria with modern theoretical views about the system and structure of law. Besides the role of codification of legislation as one of the most important factors of development and organize of internal content of the system of law is described in the article too.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kattsina T.A., Marinenko L.E. —
Change of the model and practices of solution of the problem of child neglect in the early XX century (on the materials of Yeniseysk Governorate)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 6.
– P. 9 - 19.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.6.20730 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20730
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Abstract:
The article is dedicated to examination of the model and practical activity of the local leadership of Yeniseysk Governorate in solution of the child neglect problem during the period of 1917-1925. The chronological framework of the research capture the term of establishment of the Soviet authority in the country, as well as the first reforms in the area of protection of childhood. The study of the aforementioned issue on the materials of Yeniseysk Governorate allows formulating an idea about what events took place in the region and the entire country. The scientific novelty consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of the new archive materials that have never been published earlier, which allowed reconstructing the practice of implementation of the Soviet model of solving the problem of child neglect on the example of Yeniseysk Governorate. The conclusion is made about the changes made in providing help to the street children during the first years of Soviet government, when the private initiative of separate individuals was replaced by the state centralized system. The article gives the analysis of the system of government measures on the struggle against neglect in the region; determines and systematizes the factors which formed the children homelessness during the stated historical period; and presents the assessment of the efficiency of work of the local self-governance in solution of this problem.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Orbodoeva M.V. —
Spiritual culture of China during the period of Wei and Jin
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 5.
– P. 18 - 22.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.5.20842 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20842
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Abstract:
The author gives particular attention to the topic of spiritual culture of China during the period after the collapse of Han Empire, namely the period of Wei and Jin. The era of Wei and Jin represents a breaking point in the history of this country, which was preceded by the time of ruling of the powerful Han Empire and its collapse. The crisis of the empire, disintegration of the unified statehood, destruction of the previous foundations in sociopolitical and economic spheres of Chinese society affected the spiritual culture of China. In writing this article, the author analyzed the works of the Russian, as well as foreign scholars. Special accent is made on the works of Chinese scholars. The main conclusion of this work consists in the facts that the spiritual culture of China during the period of Wei and Jin dynasties was on one hand the reflection of the processes that took place in the stated period; and on the other – served as preparative basis for implementation of Buddhism into the sociocultural space of China.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Salfetnikov D.A. —
Vectors of industrial modernization of the agrarian regions of South Russia and its implementation in the late 1930’s (on the example of Kuban and Stavropol Krai)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 3.
– P. 49 - 60.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.3.25462 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25462
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The object of this research is the industrial process in the two South Russian regions during the years of the second and third five-year industrial plans. The author meticulously examines the essence of the industrial transformation in the agricultural regions within the framework of Soviet Modernization; importance of Kuban and Stavropol Krai industry, as well as their common and specific features. Relevance of the article lies in the insatiable scientific and sociopolitical interest generated by Soviet industrialization, methods and rates of its implementation in separate regions of the country along with the results. The scientific novelty lies in analysis of the specificity of industrial development of the two regions with the economies of rural character, as well as regional cut of industrial processes within the indicated historical-temporal format. The article analyzed the structure of the regional industry, solution of industrial tasks in the prewar period. The conclusion is made that by the end of the 1930’s the industrial development of Kuban and Stavropol Krai has entered the new stage, accompanied by the emergence of new industrial branches and administrative-territorial reforms. Krasnodar Krai and Stavropol Krai remained mostly agricultural, but in the course of reconstruction and industrial development of this period, has increased the role of light, food, energy, and manufacturing industries, as well as other branches demanded by the regional and national economy.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Igumnov D.A. —
Decease of Alexander III in coverage of news media of St. Petersburg (on the example of publishers “Citizen” and “New Time”)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 4.
– P. 114 - 121.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.4.25818 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25818
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The subject of this research is the perception of the demise of Alexander II in news media, namely the materials of the publishers “Citizen”, “New Time”, and “Light”. The author examines such aspects of the topic as the assessment of persona of the deceased emperor, time that he ascended the throne, and his activity ad a monarch. Special attention is given to comprehension of relations between the “old” and the “new” during the ruling period of Alexander III, as well as the problem of legacy of the Great Reforms, liberalism, and revolutionary moods. The author compares the materials of three publishers and draws conclusions about their similarities and differences. The scientific novelty is defined by comparison of the materials that have not been previously compared. A conclusion is made that during the ruling period of Alexander III from the perspective of the reviewed in the article publishers was pivotal for choosing the path of the Russian society. At the same time, assessing the image of the deceased emperor, the publishers bequeathed the own political ideals to the future.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kosykh E.S. —
Legal aspects of the Soviet concession policy of the 1920’s
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 9.
– P. 38 - 44.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.9.27384 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=27384
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the legal aspects of the Soviet concession policy of the 1920’s. The research is conducted through examination of the materials from central archives. It is noted that the goal of concession policy was to create the favorable investment climate for attracting foreign capital to the Soviet economy. The author underlines the concession agreement was a special agreement allowing the derogation from the Soviet legislation to the benefit of foreign entrepreneurs. Concession signified that the laws on state monopoly for development of mineral resource, conduct of foreign trade, ban or restrictions to hiring workforce, etc. did not apply to some of the entrepreneurs. The use of comparative-historical and problematic-chronological methods allowed determining the peculiarities of legal regulation of foreign concessions in the 1920’s. The scientific novelty lies in demonstration of strong correlation between the political and economic tasks in the policy of Soviet State pertinent to foreign concessions. This correlation was clearly traced in legal regime of a concessionary company. Property of concessionary enterprise was owned by the state; a concessioner was merely a hirer. The legislation provided the state with the right to control the production activity of the concession, and prematurely terminate the contract at any time. Most of the concession agreements were terminated at the government’s initiative and without compensation. Only those, close to the Soviet elites, received a partial compensation for the losses. Concession existed for as long as the government was interested in it for any reasons of international, foreign economic, or domestic economic character.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kostrikov S.P., Kostrikov S.S., Kazarova N.A. —
Reports of Swedish diplomats on the events of the First World War (based on the decryption of diplomatic correspondence)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2024. – ¹ 1.
– P. 121 - 133.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.1.69514 EDN: DOHGGM URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=69514
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Abstract:
The subject of the study is the decrypted telegrams of Swedish diplomatic missions sent to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Swedish Kingdom K. Wallenberg, intercepted by the special services of the General Staff of the Russian Army at the end of 1915-1916. Sweden, while remaining a formally neutral power, nevertheless not only closely followed the events on the fronts of the First World War, but also conducted active trade and provided transit services to both Germany and Russia, deriving huge economic benefits from this situation. The documents of this period mainly cover the events in the Balkans, where the allied forces of the Entente tried to deploy the so-called Salonika (Macedonian) front to help the Serbian army and to divert enemy forces from other fronts. Based on the methods of historicism and systematic research, the reports of diplomats who informed their leadership about the events around Thessaloniki, about the situation and actions of the allied forces and the troops of the Central Powers, about the further intentions of the opposing forces, about the fate of Serbia and Montenegro, express assessments and opinions on specific issues and the prospects for the development of the war. Since there were supporters of both the Entente and the Austro-German bloc in the Swedish elite, the following conclusions can be drawn from the documents under consideration. They allow us to assess the range of issues of the most interest to Swedish diplomats and the Swedish government, as well as the degree of their awareness, the quality of information sources and the level of understanding of the content of the events taking place. These documents are very important for clarifying Sweden's position during the First World War. Since there were supporters of both the Entente and the Austro-German bloc in the Swedish elite, it can be understood from the documents under consideration that during this period it became increasingly obvious to Swedish diplomats that despite all the difficulties, including in the Balkans, the preponderance of the Entente countries was more likely. Most of the analyzed archival materials are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Ul'yanov M.V. —
State of criminology at the turn of the 1920’s – 1930’s
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 10.
– P. 38 - 46.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.10.30008 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=30008
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This article is dedicated to the circumstances that directly affected the change of character of criminological research during the early 1930’s. Special attention is paid to the substantial contradictions between the representatives of the People's Commissariat for Justice and People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (NKVD). The interministerial opposition also reflected in criticism of the work of the criminological establishments that were under the jurisdiction of NKVD. The paramount importance belonged to the dispute on studying criminal activity in USSR, organized in 1929 by the sector of state and law of the Communist Academy after publication of the article by S. Y. Bulatov “The Revival of Lombroso in the Soviet Criminology”. The conclusion is made that the changes that took place at the turn of the 1930’s in the field of studying criminal activity, were substantiated by a set of various circumstances, including rival for the leadership in the law enforcement system and dominance of different government agencies in the ideological sphere of society.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Wu Y. —
The role of University of Shanghai Cooperation Organization in humanitarian cooperation between Russia and China
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 5.
– P. 28 - 40.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.5.32832 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32832
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Abstract:
This article is dedicated to analysis of the role of the Network University of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Special attention is given to the current humanitarian cooperation between Russia and China that includes not only the traditional spheres as culture and education, but also healthcare, sport, tourism, as well as meets the demands of both states pertinent to structuring of regional subsystem of international relations. In this context, the author reviews Russian-Chinese cooperation in educational sphere in format of Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the role of University of SCO that allows successfully overcoming different barriers on the path of regional integration within SCO. The author’s special contribution into the research of Russia-China bilateral cooperation in humanitarian sphere lies in studying the evolution of their relations in educational sector with consideration of creation of the Network University of Shanghai Cooperation Organization. A conclusion is made on substantial strengthening of institutional framework of the bilateral humanitarian cooperation due to establishment of the University of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, as well as intensification of the processes of creation of a single “educational space” of SCO that increases the level of corporate integration that caters to the national interests of Russia and China.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Bozhok N.S. —
Images of the past in the festivals of cultural-historical reconstruction
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 12.
– P. 44 - 61.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.12.34421 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=34421
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The object of this research is images of the past, actualized in the festival practices of cultural-historical reconstruction. The subject of this research is the mechanisms of formation and strategies of representation of images of the past in the festivals of cultural-historical reconstruction. It is noted that the author views festival as the representative of the more general phenomenon – cultural-historical reconstruction, an integral interpretation of which allows embracing the variety of nonacademic practices aimed at studying and most accurate reconstruction of the material and spiritual culture of the past, preservation, actualization, representation and conveyance of cultural-historical values. In the context of commemorative practices of reconstruction, arrangement and representation of images of the past is conducted “intentionally, collectively and adapted for stage”. Relevance of the selected topic is defined by the fact that the reenactment movement becomes an increasingly meaningful actor in commemorative space of modern Russia, which significantly affects the formation of consensual images of the past. From theoretical and methodological perspective, the conducted analysis is based on the conceptual approaches presented in the Russian historical-culturological research on imagery. Internet resources, such as websites and forums of reenactors, social networks, and online media, served as the empirical foundation for this research. In the course of preparation and execution of cultural-historical reconstructions, the author employed quantitative and qualitative methods, including of thorough overt observation. As a result of the conducted analysis, the author determines specificity of the mechanisms for creating authentic images of the past and strategies for revealing collective representations on the past in the festivals of cultural-historical reconstruction, which have a positive impact upon ordinary consciousness.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Baranov E.Y. —
The epidemic situation in the USSR in the 1930s (historiographical aspect)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 12.
– P. 62 - 84.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.12.34658 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=34658
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Abstract:
The purpose of the study is to identify the main directions and results of historical studies of the epidemic situation in the USSR in the 1930s at the present stage of development of national historiography. Its relevance is due to the possibilities of a deep understanding of historical and modern trends in the development of epidemic processes and the assessment of historical experience in combating epidemics. Previously, the epidemic situation in the USSR in the 1930s did not become an independent subject of historiographical analysis. Two main directions have been identified. The first is connected with the conduct of historical and demographic research, the second - with research on the history of the formation and development of the healthcare system in the USSR. It is shown that the results of historical research consist in determining the political, socio-economic and environmental factors of epidemic morbidity, identifying positive and negative trends in the development of healthcare, quantifying the level of morbidity, assessing the role of infections in the structure of mortality. The historiography evaluates the level and resource potential of healthcare, analyzes measures to counteract epidemics, characterizes the role of epidemics in the onset of demographic crises, and reveals their negative impact on the processes of demographic modernization. It is concluded that approaches to historical and demographic research have changed: from identifying demographic crises, scientists have moved on to historical generalizations, analysis of morbidity and mortality based on the concept of "epidemiological transition". The results of the research show that the healthcare system has developed, taking into account the experience of population losses due to epidemics and despite the lack of resources. The emphasis in the fight against epidemics was placed on preventive measures, vaccination of the population was an effective tool.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Petrov Y.I. —
The Problems of the Establishment and Development of the Institution of Assessors in Russia in the Late XIX Century
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2013. – ¹ 5.
– P. 72 - 103.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2013.5.9202 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=9202
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Abstract:
The article is devoted to the historical background of Nicolay Bunge's tax reform. The author of the article describes particular activities and measures aimed at elimination of the old taxes and introduction of the new taxes that would increase the taxation efficiency, expand the scope of persons paying taxes and change the social composition of taxpayers. The author also analyzes the status of fiscal management in Russia of the late XIX century. He underlines that the tax control was quite weak in those times and this is why the institution of assessors was created. The author describes the process of formation of the institution as a local financial control body. He also analyzes the legal base of activities performed by the new institution and touches upon the changes in its structure as well as the reasons causing these changes. Special attention is paid to human resources at such institutions, education of assessors as well as their service, promotion in rank and incentives. Much emphasis is mae on the question about the process of interaction between assessors and other local executive authorities. The author underlines the peculiar role and great significance of assessors in achieving targets of tax reforms in the late XIX - early XX centuries.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Voropanov V. —
On the Activity of Judicial Representatives of Rural Groups in Uyezds of the Russian North at the End of the XVIIIth Century
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 2.
– P. 104 - 120.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.2.13938 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=13938
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Abstract:
The object of the present research is the judicial system of the Russian Empire at the end of the XVIIIth century, the subejct of the research is the peculiarities of the implementation of the institution of judicial representatives that was established in 1775 in the territory of the Russian North (the case studies of Vologda and Arkhangelsk Governorates). In his article Voropanov analyzes the practice of substituting for the position of the 'judge' in governorate and uyezd courts (upper and lower institutions of justice as well as uyezd police administration, i.e. lower zemstvo courts), experience of law-enforcing activities of people elected by peasant communities as well as the attitude of the population towards reformed bodies of 'official justice' and, as a consequence, effectiveness of the judicial and legal reformations undertaken by Yekaterina the Second. In order to solve the set goals, Voropanov has used both general and specific research methods that are usually used in philosophy, law, history and social studies. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author analyzes documents of management and record keeping of the local state authorities of the late XVIIIth century that have never been studied before but provide a great insight into both implementation of electoral legislation and court activities created as a result of local government reforms in 1775 - 1785. The author also examines the role of these documents in the regulation of public relations in the territory of the Russian North and effectiveness of judicial and legal tranformations performed by Yekaterina the Second. The conclusions made by the author do not only disprove the opinion that the judicial reform of 1775 - 1785 was unefficient but also allow to assess methods, means and results of the government's efforts on strengthening the balance of public relations, both between different social classes and ethnic groups and both in the Russian North and Russian Empire in general.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Suroven' D.A. —
About chronology of reigns of Okinaga-tarahsi-hime (empress Jingu) and Homuda-wake (emperor Ojin)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 6.
– P. 1 - 226.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.6.16206 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16206
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Abstract:
In this article materials about chronology of reigns of empress Okinaga-tarashi-hime (Jingu) and emperor Homuda-wake (Ojin) are analyzed. At the end of the XIX century researchers realized that time of reigns of the first sovereigns of Yamato are excessively extended. The reasons of it were found out by the Japanese scientist of Naka Michiyo. After that attempts of revision of chronology began. The most significant results are analysed in this article. Histori-ans, having compared materials of Japanese chronicles with the Korean and Chinese sources, found out that the second half of the Jingu’s regency and the most part of Ojin’s reign fell on the second half of IV – the beginning of the V centuries. Unresolved was a problem of time of the beginning of Jingu’s regency and a problem of the end of Ojin’s reign. In article results of the solution of these problems on the basis of comparison of materials of Japanese, Korean and Chinese sources are yielded. It is found out that reign of emperor Chuai came to the end in a year of the Korean campaign of empress Jingu which in the Korean sources is dated 346 AD. The period of the regency of empress Jingu falls on 347-389 AD, and reign of Ojin – on 390 – the end of 414 / beginning 415 AD.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Tret'yakova E. —
Administrative unions of the XIX century as legal form of cooperation of the states
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 1.
– P. 1 - 8.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.1.17619 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17619
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Abstract:
The article investigates the administrative unions of the XIX century, which provided frameworks for the countries for cooperation on permanent basis. Crucial characteristics of international administrative unions, their specific features and some of reasons for these institutes formation are determined and described in this paper. Referring to the relevant international legal foundations, the most substantial, according to the author, examples of administrative unions, which have played essential role in correspondent directions of intergovernmental cooperation developing, are indicated here. More than that, main results of their activity are also illustrated in the article.Historical and legal analysis of international administrative unions system, based on scientific studies, the primary sources (international legal acts) and data on the results of administrative union activity are carried out in the frameworks of research.The scientific novelty of the research displayed in historical and legal analysis of international administrative unions as a stage of formation of international intergovernmental organizations.The main conclusions of the study are: The main prerequisites for the formation of the administrative unions system was an intensification of relations in various fields, including international law. Administrative Unions had a number of features: a contractual interstate general administrative and organizing characteristics. The Russian government took essential part in the formation and functioning of most unions. Administrative Unions became one of the first organizational forms of intergovernmental association integration. They made a base of international cooperation on permanent basics and became a foundation for developing international intergovernmental organizations.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Loshchenkov A.V. —
Panchen Lama II Lobsang Yeshe and his creative heritage
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 5.
– P. 1 - 8.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.5.20313 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20313
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the figure of Panchen Lama II Lobsang Yeshe (1663-1737), the second of the highest hierarchs of Tibetan Buddhism, as well as his written heritage which is referred in its genre to the Buddhist texts – Gsung-'bum. This topic until present has not been a subject of examination in the Western and Russian Buddhology. This work sets a goal to fulfill such gap, as well as give characteristics to the figure and activity of Panchen Lama II based on the original Tibetan sources. The main stages of his biography along with the texts that belong to the tradition of Lamrim (“stages of the path”) are being described. The scientific novelty is defined by the subject of the research. The author makes an attempt to understand the role of Panchen Lama II in the strengthening of independence of the Buddhist civilization of Tibet and Tibetan statehood. For the first time the biography and overview of Panchen Lama’s heritage is being presented: the author describes the compilation of his works, analyzes its content, and determines the landmark compositions. All of this characterizes the author as a highly qualified multifaceted master of the Tibetan Buddhism.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Babich I.L. —
Orthodox life of the Moscow Region countrymen of the late XIX – early XX centuries (on the example of parish of the Church of the Life-Giving Spring Icon of the Mother of God in Tsaritsyno)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 4.
– P. 91 - 104.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.4.22172 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22172
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the noble, ducal, large industrial and foreign last names, who settled in Tsaritsyno as the countrymen over the period of 1880’s – 1910’s. The objects is the peculiarities of development of the countrymen movement in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The goal of this article is to trace the interconnection between the members of the Orthodox congregation that resided in the large architectural complex of the times of Catherine the Great Tsaritsyno and the process of establishment of the country life around it, using the materials from the Moscow Central State Archive. This article is prepared based on introduction into the scientific discourse of the new archive information, accumulated by the author in the Moscow Central State Archive, which preserved the documents on the history of the Life-Giving Spring Church, and particularly, metrical books of the temple. The author pursued correlation of the data about the countrymen and the congregation, who referred to the church for realization of various Orthodox rituals. The work also applied the materials of a so-called “verbal history” – the interview with descendants of the priests of the Life-Giving Spring Church in Tsaritsyno. The author is first to examine the intersection of the live of Orthodox parishes and the countrymen movements of the late XIX – early XX centuries from such perspective. This approach allowed determining the interconnection of the organization of suburban settlements in places with the active spiritual life under. The new social slice of the Orthodox congregation, when the single organization united the people of various social classes, gradually led to establishment of the other structures in Russian society.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Efimenko N.A. —
The ethnic aspect of the Yuan Empire’s liquidation
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2024. – ¹ 5.
– P. 11 - 19.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.5.40644 EDN: TJZTZP URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=40644
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Abstract:
This paper examines the importance of Chinese ethnicity through the example of the historically first dynasty named the Yuan Dynasty, where the rulers were nomadic conquerors and not of Han descent. The aim of the paper is to explore the ethnic aspect of the process of liquidating the Yuan Empire and the importance of the unity of the Chinese people. The methodology of the paper includes the use of different resources, including chronicles, historical research and sources showing the realities not only from the Chinese side, but also from the Mongol side. This approach makes it possible to consider the issue from both sides and obtain more objective conclusions. The results show that the importance of the unity of the Chinese people became evident as early as the Han era, when the concept of "Han man" became politically significant. For the first time, cultural attributes were no longer the only factor uniting people, and nationality became crucial to the unity of the state. The scope of the work includes the study of Chinese history, ethnic relations and nationality issues. The novelty of the work lies in the use of different sources and consideration of the issue from different angles, which allows for a more complete picture of historical process. The conclusions of the paper emphasise the importance of nationality as a sign for state unity and show that national problems can become a factor that can weaken and destroy even the most powerful states.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Zadorozhnyaya O.A. —
River agencies “Association of Western Siberian Shipping and Trade” and organization of its activity in the Ob-Irtysh River Basin
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 10.
– P. 50 - 58.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.10.27610 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=27610
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the process of formation of the model of river agency in the Ob-Irtysh River Basin on the example of “Association of Western Siberian Shipping and Trade”. The sources demonstrate the process of establishment of shipping lines through capital of the old and new entrepreneurial names, which strived for establishing the monopoly right over a specific sphere of activity. At the initial stage, the assistance of the local governments ensured such advantage, but the development of capitalist relations incited the distribution of competition. It necessitated finding a new way for remaining the largest shipping carrier, but by means of the separate production branches at the local level, strengthening their financial situation, increasing the staff and expanding administrative opportunities. The modern historical literature practically does not cover the problem of structural departments of river agencies of the Ob-Irtysh River Basin during the post-reform period, which is reflected on the unilateral approach to analyzing the activity of entrepreneurial organizations of the suburbs of the Russian State. The entrepreneurial companies of Western Siberia represented a fairly complicated type of the forming entrepreneurial organization due to the strong influence of both, family traditions and process of establishment of state capitalism upon the business world.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Stepanova I. —
Volosts of Belaya in 16th-17th centuries: historical-geographical characteristic of the region on the Western border of The Russian State
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2023. – ¹ 10.
– P. 32 - 40.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2023.10.68730 EDN: PUDMJN URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=68730
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The article presents the results of a historical and geographical study of the townships of Belaya in the XVI-XVII centuries. The objectives of the study included mapping the Belsky volosts and borders of the Belsky district on a modern geographical basis, studying their transformation in the XVI-XVII centuries. The main sources of the study are the materials of scribal descriptions of the Belsky and adjacent Toropetsky and Rzhevsky counties of the XVI-XVII centuries. The work was carried out using geoinformation technologies. A complete localization of the toponymy of the censuses of the Belsky, Rzhevsky, Toropetsky counties of the XVI-XVII centuries was made, which made it possible to map in detail the volosts of the county and its territory as a whole. Scribal descriptions allowed us to get an idea of the transformation of the territory of the Belsky Uyezd. The idea of the territory of the Belsky volosts in the period after their entry into the Russian state at the beginning of the XVI century was obtained. In the first half of the XVI century, the Toropets volosts of Rozhnya and Bibirevo were transferred to Belaya. In the second half of the 1560s, part of the Belsky Uyezd became part of the Rzhev Volodimerov Uyezd in connection with the formation of oprichnoi land ownership. After the Time of Troubles, the Polish-Russian border was established along the border of Toropetsky, Rzhevsky and Zubtsov counties with Belsky volosts. After the annexation of Belaya to the Russian state and the transfer to Rzheva Volodimerova of the former possession of the Catholic Church in the Zhukopov parish, the Belsky district acquired the outlines preserved in the XVIII century. Part of the territory of the county, as a result of confiscations from the Catholic Church and secular landowners, passed into the category of palace lands. However, the largest share of the territory of the county remained in the possession of the Smolensk and Belsky gentry.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Ivlev N.N. —
Financial education in Chelyabinsk Region in the conditions of Great Patriotic War
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 5.
– P. 16 - 26.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.5.29683 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29683
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This article examines the system of training and advanced training of personnel for financial institutions of Chelyabinsk Region during the Great Patriotic War. It is determined that the system of full-time educational establishments that prepared specialist for financial sector was destroyed at the beginning of the war, was destroyed and failed to provide the region with personnel. There was not a single educational establishment for preparing financial specialists. Mass conscription into the army, transfer of employees to defense factories, led to human resource crisis and threat to plans for mobilization of financial means. The author conclude that the way out of crisis situation with regards to shortage of personnel was found within the framework of the system of lectures, seminars and individual traineeship. Intensive work of financial branches and regional authorities allowed overcoming the human resource crisis by 1943, as well as retain financial stability in the region.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Shumkin G.N., Zubkov K.I. —
Timber “frontier” of metallurgical Ural: development strategy of charcoal metallurgy of the region in the late XIX – early XX century
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 11.
– P. 158 - 169.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.11.31111 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31111
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The subject of this research is the projects for colonization of forest of Western Siberia by the Ural metallurgical industry in the late XIX – early XX centuries. During the 1890’s, Ural metallurgy was experiencing the shortage of charcoal, which was the main type of fuel for iron production. As the means for overcoming such problem, the expert community started discussing the strategies of supplying metallurgical plants with charcoal from the forests of Western Siberia, which had to be transported by railways. The projects found their implementation through Tavdinskaya Railroad, which was put into operation during the World War I. The concept of “frontier modernization” serves as the methodological foundation for this research. Applicable to the topic at hand, “frontier modernization” consisted in the attempts to retain the specialty profile of Ural metallurgy and its conventional energy by forming at borders of metallurgical Ural of the new development, but with implementation of new technological solution. This work is first within historiography to provide a comprehensive analysis of the projects on colonization of forests of Western Siberia by the Ural metallurgical industry. The conclusion is made that although the project was implemented, it did not produce the results forecasted by the expert community, namely the creation of free charcoal market and decline of circuit system, as it was implemented too late- in 1917. In the context of profound changed in the principles of organization of Ural metallurgical industry in 1920’s, this project was no longer economically viable.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Skrydlov A. —
Institutionalization of statistical science in universities of the Russian Empire (late XVIII – early XIX centuries)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 3.
– P. 24 - 38.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.3.32372 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32372
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The object of this research is the process of institutionalization of statistical science in Russia in the early XIX century. The article examines the history of emergence within the structure of Russian universities of the corresponding departments and inclusion of statistical knowledge into lectures. The author analyzes the peculiarities of teaching statistical science in the Moscow, Kharkov, Kazan, and Saint Petersburg universities. Special attention is given to the activity of M. l. Magnitsky and D. P. Runich, which led to termination of the reputable scholars-statisticians from Kazan and Saint Petersburg universities. The research leans on the basic methods of historical science – problem-chronological for studying the time sequence of events; historical-genetic and historical comparative that allow studying the genesis and key stages of development of statistical education in the Russian universities. It is established that teaching statistics in form of political science initially appeared in the last third of the XVIII century in the Moscow University. Statistical courses were read upon personal initiative of the professors and were not established by the provisional “Project” of 1755. In their lectures, the first educators were guided by the experience of Göttingen University, which in the mid XVIII century became the center of the German school of political science. The university reform of 1802-1804 in Russia led to the creation of new system of higher education. In accordance with the norms of the Decrees of 1804, statistics was introduced into the curriculum of Russian universities for the first time. The article explores the key stages of organization of teaching statistics, such as unification of the content of lectures, publishing of course books, establishment of scientific schools.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Alekseev K.A. —
To the question of origin of Indo-Iranians and Tocharians in light of the newest genetic data
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 12.
– P. 34 - 43.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.12.34080 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=34080
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The subject of this research is the ethnogenesis of Indo-Iranian and Tocharian groups of Indo-European language family. The author analyzes the data on genetic composition of the population of Gandhara grave culture, which is an undisputable archeological evidence of expansion of Indo-Iranians into the Indus Valley, i.e. the place of dwelling of the speakers of Indo-Iranian languages that will be subsequently recorded in the written sources. The results of analysis are compared to the data acquired on the ancient population of the Tarim Basin in Eastern Turkestan, which supposedly is proto-Tocharian. The comparison of mitochondrial DNA detected the only admissible localization of population, which is ancestral for both linguistic groups, as well as outlined the logical chain of migration of Indo-Europeans. The novelty of this research consists in application of the comparative-genetic method for detecting the localization of origin of a particular human population (in this article – Indo-Iranians and Tocharians). The following conclusions were made: additional arguments in confirmation of the genesis of Indo-Iranians and Tocharians from the area of Danubian culture of the Neolithic (linear pottery – Linearbandkeramik, Lengyel, Alföld), as well as well reasons in support the migration model of Indo-Iranians and Tocharians from the area of agricultural cultures of Europe through Eurasian steppes, which can serve as the new foundation for hypotheses on the formation of steppe culture (like grave culture) by the people of European descent.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Ovchinnikov V.M. —
Smolensk in the autumn-winter campaign of 1812 according to the memoirs of contemporaries.
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2022. – ¹ 3.
– P. 1 - 15.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2022.3.34310 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=34310
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The article discusses the main features of the conduct of hostilities in the autumn of 1812 in Russia, and the role of Smolensk in Napoleon's strategic plans for the subsequent period. On the basis of the epistolary heritage, primarily of French contemporaries (both soldiers and officers), the specific aspects of the retreat of the Great Army along the Old Smolensk Road are considered, another facet of the Moscow campaign of the Emperor of all the French is demonstrated. The author also draws attention to the activities of the occupation authorities in Smolensk itself, based on creating conditions for turning the city into a powerful operational base for the entire army. Â
The main conclusions of the study are the following theses:
1. Numerous memoirs of contemporaries pay rather close attention to the problem of the retreat of the Great Army to the Smolensk region, giving quite detailed descriptions of both the life itself and the possible prospects for the further course of the campaign.
2. A number of indirect evidences demonstrate attempts to turn the city into an operational base that allows preparing troops for the next campaign in the East, which is indirectly confirmed by descriptions of attempts to create local self-government bodies in the city.
3. Smolensk in numerous French memoirs devoted to the campaign of 1812 was presented as a symbol of the drama that broke out in Russia.
4. In the Russian epistolary heritage of the epoch, the corresponding descriptions contain a sense of transformation of mass consciousness, in the conditions of a new practice for humanity called "total war".
5. In general, summing up the general results of the consideration of Smolensk in the autumn-winter campaign of 1812, it can be argued that its role as a moral barrier in Napoleon's desire to continue hostilities and the importance of the city as a strategic point has been insufficiently studied until now and requires a very deep analysis
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Muratova S.R., Bukanova R.G. —
Assessment of the factors contributing to the formation of regional budget of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug –Yugra
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 7.
– P. 1 - 22.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.7.36167 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=36167
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The relevance of this research is substantiated by the currently growing role of financial relations in the formation and execution of budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The formation and implementation of budgetary policy of the Russian Federation determines the economic and financial framework for functionality of the region and life of the society as a whole. The goal is to assess the factors contributing to the formation of regional budget of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. The subject of this research is the revenues and expenditures of the budget of Khanty -Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. Practical importance of the conducted research lies in the obtained results that allow the regional budgets to choose the way for improving budget security. The information base is comprised of the scientific works of Russian and foreign authors, educational-methodological publications, materials of the scientific conferences dedicated to the formation of regional budgets, legislative and normative acts of the Russian Federation,, reference materials of the Federal State Statistics Service Of the Russian Federation. The main conclusion consists in determination of the factors influencing the regional budget of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. The author's special contribution lies in evaluation of the specificity of formation of budget of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, as well as the methods aimed at minimization of budget risks for solution of the regional budgetary problems. The formulated recommendations for increasing budget security would promote the innovative development and improvement of budgetary and tax relations of the regional budgets. The theoretical significance consists in advancement of the theory of regional economy. The acquired results can be applied in theoretical substantiation of the strategic tasks of managing regional budgets.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Filippova V.V. —
Displacement of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation neighboring with Yakutia: history and modernity
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 12.
– P. 1 - 15.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.12.36995 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=36995
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The subject of this research is displacement of the indigenous small-numbered peoples in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation neighboring with Yakutia. The object is the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North residing in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, Zabaykalsky Krai, Amur Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. These constituent entities of the Russian Federation have contiguous territories with the Sakha Republic. The author examines the displacement and size of the indigenous population of the regions of the Russian Federation neighboring with Yakutia. Special attention is given to clarification of the places of traditional dwelling of the indigenous small-numbered peoples in the aforementioned regions of the Russian Federation. It is established that the following ethnic groups reside in the territory contiguous to Yakutia: Dolgans, Evenks, Evens, Yukaghirs and Chukchi. The areas of residence of the listed ethnic groups border with the areas of settlement of the corresponding indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North in the territory of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The author’s special contribution lies in the analysis of displacement and size of the indigenous population in the regions of the Russian Federation neighboring with Yakutia on the local level. The novelty of consists in the territorial analysis of the places of traditional dwelling of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Bezgin V.B. —
Russian village in the late XIX - early XX century: the verges of peasants’ deviant behavior (Part 1)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2012. – ¹ 1.
– P. 120 - 167.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2012.1.266 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=266
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The article presents a research on the deviant behavior of Russian peasants in the era of modernization of Russia in the late XIX - early XX century. The author studies the problem of suicide among the peasants and the attitude of rural population to the facts of euthanasia. On the basis of archival materials author analyzes the dynamics of rural suicide, describes methods and motives of farmers’ suicide. The article clarifies the attitude of the rural population towards alcohol and determines the cause and extent of alcoholism in the village environment.
Mental illnesses in a Russian village were not common, mental disorder was seen as a phenomenon that violates the usual rules and can potentially be dangerous. The article determines the level of spread of such crimes as infanticide and abortion in the Russian village, discloses its causes, nature and motives. The article brings the analysis of deviant behavior of Russian peasants in intimacies, disclosure the patterns of premarital and marital behavior and the attitude of the villagers to the deordination of the rules of marriage. The author describes reasons and forms of rural prostitution as well as the attitude of Russian villagers to fornication and adultery. The article shows different types of sexual crimes among Russian peasants, the motives and the extent of their expansion. The author describes the criminal laws of the Russian Empire and the legal views of rural residents in respect of such crimes. The article shows the examples of sexual inversions among the peasants and the reaction to it by the local population.
As the result of this study the author finds deviant behavior of Russian peasants to be a result of the modernization processes in the country in the late XIX - early XX century. With the influence of the city, migratory fisheries, social mobility of residents of the village the accustomed relations, community and family foundations and patriarchal customs were destroyed and therefore the various forms of peasant deviance reinforced.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sevryukov D.S. —
Features of formation of the judiciary in the development and adoption of the Constitution of the USSR in 1936
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 3.
– P. 651 - 671.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.3.14460 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=14460
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The subject of the research is the set of normative legal acts regulating the formation of judges of courts of general jurisdiction in the Russian Federation. The author explores not only regulations, but also archival sources. The paper makes an interesting conclusions, allowing the show features of the procedure of formation of the judiciary in the study period. The above circumstances actualize the theme chosen for the study because of historical and legal analysis of the experience of becoming the organizational and legal mechanism of formation of the judiciary in the RSFSR can make positive adjustments to the process of reforming the modern judicial system in order to avoid the mistakes made in the past. Methodological basis of this work are the general principles and methods of scientific knowledge related to the research unit of the humanities. This includes, in particular, the principles of dialectics: Development and historicism, general scientific approaches - methods of analysis and synthesis, systematic approach, induction and deduction, etc. In addition, were used special methods: formal-legal, concrete historical, comparative legal, chronological, sociological, etc. due to the fact that the presented thesis is the first in the domestic legal science work that attempts to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the organizational and legal mechanism of formation of the judiciary courts of general jurisdiction in the Russian Federation. In the course of the study to obtain new results and conclusions, supplemented, clarified, specifying either refute prevailing in the domestic legal science views on the issues of formation of the judiciary in Soviet Russia.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sokolova E.S. —
The law as it is fortecia truth": on the theoretical and practical foundations of the legislative policy of Peter the Great
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 3.
– P. 345 - 366.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.3.15151 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=15151
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The article is devoted to the problem of identifying the basic concepts of legal strategy Peter I in the field of rule of law. Peter's model of legitimacy for a long time was estimated in historiography as the uncritical borrowing of educational traditions of German Protestantism excluding old legislative realities that took place in lawmaking the first Romanovs. Shows the relationship between the legislative ideas of Peter's time with government initiatives of the preceding period, aimed at strengthening the socio-political image of autocratic power. Contrary to the opinion of the mediated mode of legality in the first quarter of XVIII century Northern war legislative policy of Peter I is seen as a means of filling institutional voids", which created an obstacle to the effective implementation of autocratic paradigm of Supreme power. Special attention is paid to the question of the degree of influence of the old traditionalism to regulate the relations of nationality in Petrovsky variant "legitimate monarchy". On the basis of a comparison of a number of inscribed decrees of the turn of the XVII – XVIII centuries, followed by the legislative strategy of Peter the great, providing an overall obligation to it's personal orders, the conclusion about the presence of pronounced imbalances between the ideologeme of "state interests", "particular" needs of estates and formal test of the rule of law in favor of the personal will of the Emperor-autocrat.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Akishin M.O. —
The formation of the legal language in Ancient Rus IX – XII centuries.
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 1.
– P. 203 - 236.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.1.17620 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17620
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The fundamental hypothesis of the article is the theory, formulated in parallel, and V. I. Vinogradov.L. Weisgerber, according to which language is a state – building factor, an essential attribute of the state. The core of the lexico-semantic field of the state language is legal language. The formation of the state language of Ancient Russia was, on the one hand, due to the blurring of the dialects of East Slavic tribes and the formation of a single Russian spoken language; on the other hand, the adoption of Church Slavonic as the language old Russian book-learning. The desire to distance the Prince of statutes for the population of Ancient Russia was determined that Russian spoken language as their basis. However, Church Slavonic language has influenced the texts of the Prince of legitimation, it was carried out translations of Byzantine legislation, including acts of ecclesiastical law, which had legal force in Russia. Therefore, the state language has evolved in the combination of Russian spoken language and Church Slavonic language. A study of the lexico-semantic field of Russian language of the law helped to prove that in Ancient Russia there was a number of terms that are fundamental to modern legal language, including: law, law, customs, Ambassador, Treasury, court, plaintiff, a person, estate, lender, will, murder, witness, etc. Rich lexical composition of the language of the law allowed to borrow from Byzantine law and to formulate abstract rules in the statutes of princes of Ancient Russia.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Khotko S.K. —
Circassia in the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1578-1591
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 4.
– P. 1 - 11.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.4.19792 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=19792
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the process of Circassia’s involvement into the sphere of the military-political influence of Ottoman Empire throughout the XVI century. The highest level of integration of the Circassian political space into the Ottoman Empire was achieved during the 1570’s. In the long Ottoman–Safavid War (1578-1591), Circassia appeared as a regional ally, by providing the Ottoman Empire with its territory, manpower and material resources. The author underlines that during this timeframe there was a noticeable political convergence between the Circassian principalities with the Ottoman Empire and Crimean Khanate. Such phenomenon was a result of the Russia-Circassia military-political alliance (1552-157), which in turn was caused by the Crimean Khan Sahib I Giray’s military campaigns (1539, 1545, and 1551). Among the main conclusions of this research are the following: 1) a rapid decrease in intensity and political significance of the connections between the principalities of the Western Circassia and Moscow after the year 1562, and Eastern Circassia in 1570; 2) the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1578-1591 became an important milestone in establishment of the Ottoman sovereignty over Circassia.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Surkov O.S. —
P.E. Kazansky on the imperial power
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 5.
– P. 43 - 49.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.5.24634 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24634
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Abstract:
This article is dedicated to the teaching of a conservative legislator, Professor P. E. Kazansky on the imperial power. The goal of this work is the consideration of structural components of his teaching and their interrelation in the context of liberal and conservative views of Russian of the end of XIX – beginning of the XX century. The relevance of Kazansky’s teaching is defined by the fact that at the presents stage of development, the national political-legal thought experiences the constantly growing influence of the elements of conservative discourse. A conclusion is made that the committed monarchist and organizer of the All-Russian National Union P. E. Kazansky, created an original doctrine on the concept of imperial power. The indicated doctrine differs from the official interpretation of Theophan Prokopovich, as well as nationalist concepts. P. E. Kazansky suggests a complicated in its structure theoretical explanation to the nature of autocratic power, which includes the historical, factual, sacral, cultural and juridical components. The correlation of the aforementioned components is viewed by Kazansky as a complex diachronic process, within the framework of which the formal-legal components of the concept of autocratic power hold a collaterally subordinate position.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Tauber V. —
Religion and Politics in Early Modern Royal Travels: Queen Elizabeth's Progress to Kent in 1573
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2022. – ¹ 9.
– P. 65 - 78.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2022.9.38728 EDN: QCRRZP URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=38728
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Abstract:
The article is devoted to the consideration of the summer travels of the English royal court of early Modern times. This practice, originating from the traveling courts of the Middle Ages, flourished in England in the second half of the XVI century. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth Tudor, summer progresses became an integral part of the court ceremonial, an important means of representing the monarch and a mechanism for implementing royal policy. The article focuses on one of these trips, namely, a summer trip to Kent in 1573, whose central episode was a reception hosted for the Queen by Archbishop of Canterbury Matthew Parker. The author examines the preparation and course of this reception, analyzes the motives and expectations of all participants in the events and fits the royal visit into the context of church history and religious policy of England in the second half of the XVI century. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a detailed, based on a wide range of sources, consideration of the royal visit of 1573, which had not previously attracted special attention of researchers. The main conclusion of the study is the observation about the peculiar nature of the reception in Canterbury, due to the increased attention of all participants to the religious and political content of this event. For Elizabeth, this reception was an occasion to emphasize her image of a pious monarch and defender of the true faith. On the other hand, such a visit in the first half of the 1570s, during a harsh period for the Church of England, was on its part a gesture of support for the Archbishop of Canterbury, whom the latter sorely needed. Parker, in turn, made considerable efforts to extract the maximum benefits for himself from this reception. Thus, the conducted research shows how the royal progress could be used for the purposes of religious policy and complements our understanding of the methods and mechanisms of its implementation in early Modern England.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sevostyanova E. —
“Third year in a row the Ghulja question gives the go-around…”: Russia and China in settling the Ili Crisis on the pages of “Eastern Herald” newspaper
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 1.
– P. 21 - 36.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.1.28981 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=28981
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Abstract:
This article examines the reflection in the Eastern Herald” newspaper of a difficult period in the history of China-Russia relations during the 1870’s – 1880’s. The goal consists in the analysis of newspaper publications, and determination of conceptual components of the discourse on the Ili (Ghulja) crisis and border demarcation. The research established that this topic was one of the principal on the pages of “Eastern Herald” during the 1882-1884; separate publications occur in the 1890-1891l; the consequences of resettlement were covered in the 1890-1891. Chronological, comparative-historical methods along with the method of content analysis were applied. The reports on the course of border demarcation carried information character and neutral language of description, while the publications on relations between the authorities and the population in the transferred territories were characterized with the negative-biased nominations. As a result of conducted analysis, the author determine six main plot lines: overall assessment of policy of the Russian Empire on transferring Ili (Ghulja) District; course of measures on demarcation of borders; main events on organization and defense of migration flows to the Russian Empire and organization of resettlement in the territory of Semirechye; formation of the image of China’s provincial officials and government overall; characteristics of China’s army and its military capability; characteristics of China-Russia trade. The parallel plot line of the publication was the reports on situation in the Far Easter borders of Russia, which created a general picture of China-Russia border relations.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Evdoshenko N.V. —
Charity organizations and financial aid rendered to the writers and scholars of white émigré in Europe in 1920’s – 1930’s
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 5.
– P. 159 - 181.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.5.32840 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32840
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the financial aid rendered by charity organizations of the Russian literature and scientific emigration to the writers and scholars in European countries over the period of 1920’s – 1930’s. The goal consists in determination of significance of the provided by beneficiaries financial assistance in the context of economic situation of the receiving country during the indicated historical period. The work examines the activity of organizations that rendered financial aid to the writers, journalists and scholars in such countries as France, Switzerland, Germany, Turkey (Constantinople) and Czechoslovakia. Methodology is based on the historical approach and principles of scientificity and objectivity. Quantitative, comparative and statistical methods are applied for the analysis of financial indexes. For achieving the set foal, the author analyzed a wide variety of sources from the Russian and foreign archives, some of which were published for the first time. As a result of the conducted research, the author acquired new data on the size of actual financial assistance rendered to the writers and scholars of white émigré. Assessment is conducted on the significance of such aid for successful social adaptation and overcoming of financial difficulties by the representatives of scientific and literature emigration. The article is addressed to all researchers of the organizations of white émigré.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Osipov E.A. —
French “Mirages” in Libya in 1970 as a symbol of “new Arab” policy of France
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 12.
– P. 18 - 26.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.12.34569 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=34569
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Abstract:
The relations with Arab countries have always been an intrinsic component of French foreign policy, predominately in the de Gaulle's Fifth Republic. Namely in the 1960s the General de Gaulle laid the groundwork for the so-called “new Arab” policy of France, intended for consolidation of the country's role in the Middle East and the Mediterranean, as well as for overcoming issues in the relationship with Arab countries caused the colonial past of France. Leaning on the wide range of scientific literature and sources, including the documents from the Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France, the author reviews the circumstances of signing a major contract by France for delivering arms to Libya in 1970, few months after the Libyan Revolution and assumption of power by Muammar Gaddafi. The signed in 1970 Franco-Libyan agreement was congruent with the overall context of “new Arab” policy of Gaullist France, and can be regarded as its symbol. Special attention is given to the factors that prompted French leadership to military cooperation with Libya, although France was aware that it could aggravation relations not only with Israel, but also with the United States. Along with the interests of French military-industrial complex, oil factor, and, prospects for the development of Franco-Libyan cooperation, an important role played rivalry between France, USSR and the countries of socialist camp, the activity of which increased in the third world countries during the 1960s – 1970s. In a way, namely the concerns about the growing influence of Moscow in the Middle East and the Mediterranean accelerated the “new Arab” policy of France.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Khasanova Z.F. —
The items of Islam and pre-Islamic beliefs of the Bashkirs in collection of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the Institute of Ethnological Research of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 11.
– P. 95 - 102.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.11.36740 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=36740
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is museum sources on the religion of Bashkir people. The goal lies in examination of the items of Islam and pre-Islamic beliefs from the ethnographic collections of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of R. G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is determined that the Museum stores over 50 items related to religion that were collected in the late XX century in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Kurgan Oblast, and Orenburg Oblast. These Islamic (Sunni Muslims) items are rather associated with the traditions and lifestyle of the Bashkir people: prayer rugs – namazlik, Quran, tasbih, tagiyah, ablution items – kumgan, dress of the Mullah. Prayer rugs are decorated with floral embroidery, with images of mosque, kumgan, crescent moon, and Arabic inscription. The collections also feature the items related to Shia Muslims – a stone used in prayer. Islam first infiltrated Bashkir culture in the X – XI centuries; by the XIII – XIV century it spread significantly; strengthening its positions with each century, it has fully integrated into life of Bashkir population by the end of the XIX century. Despite this fact, certain items pre-Islamic beliefs have retained in everyday life of the Bashkir people: amulets (amulet stones, juniper, feathers of wood grouse, goose down, etc.). Bashkirs were able to synthesize the pre-Islamic and Islamic tradition, which remain existing harmoniously in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sosenkov F.S. —
Constitutional and legal principles of Soviet Federalism
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 11.
– P. 30 - 45.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.11.36818 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=36818
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The subject of this research is establishment and development of the principles of Soviet federalism: ideocracy, class character, proletarian internationalism, party spirit, right of nations to self-determination, two-level nature, unity of legal space, dual sovereignty, inviolability of the territory of the republics, dual citizenship, etc. The goal lies in examination of the sources, peculiarities of constitutional layout, evolution of the principles of Soviet federalism, and their role in the crisis and downfall of the Soviet federalism. The author offers the definitions of such phenomena as the Soviet federalism and the Soviet federation, which defines the novelty of this work. Classification is given to the principles of Soviet federalism in accordance with the criteria outlined by the author: 1) by the time of emergence, the principles are divided into ideological (ideocracy, class character, proletarian internationalism, party spirit, right of nations to self-determination, etc.) and state-legal (single citizenship, inviolability of the territories of the republics, unity of legal system, supremacy of federal legislation, etc.); 2) by the method of codification, the principles are divided into constitutional (ideocracy, class character, right of nations to self-determination, etc.), and stemming from the essence of constitutional norms (asymmetry, party spirit, two-level nature). It is noted that some principles of Soviet federalism fade their significance over time (class character), while others are eliminated from the constitutional and legal practice (principle of mutual control over observance of the all-union and republican legislation). It is substantiated that Soviet federalism was jeopardized mostly by the fundamental interrelated ideological principles: ideocracy, party spirit, and right of nations to self-determination. The author’s special contribution consists in introducing archival documents into the scientific discourse.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sivkina N.Y., Mozherovtseva A.D. —
The cult of Sarapis in Hellenistic Egypt as a continuation of the policy of "merging peoples"
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2023. – ¹ 1.
– P. 76 - 84.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2023.1.37361 EDN: KMVOLU URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=37361
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Abstract:
As part of their policy aimed at creating a strong Hellenistic Egypt, the Ptolemies created and maintained the syncretic cult of Sarapis. Ancient sources have preserved several beautiful stories and legends about the appearance of this god and his cult in Egypt. The purpose of this work is to clarify the political role of this cult in Egypt, the peculiarities of its perception by different segments of the population, which ultimately influenced the change in the Ptolemaic policy towards the local population. The main research methods are both general philosophical methods – analysis and synthesis, and special – comparative-historical and comparative-genetic methods. In the modern world, there are a large number of countries (including Russia) in which different peoples live, having different traditions and beliefs. The study of the Egyptian version of the policy of "merging peoples" and the cult of Sarapis, as one of its components, helps to understand what factors should be avoided in an attempt to smooth out contradictions and create a strong interethnic association, which determines the relevance and novelty of the study. According to the creators, the cult of Sarapis should have been understandable and close to both Greeks and Egyptians. Therefore, the image of God, traditions and rituals included Greek and Egyptian elements, which was supposed to bring the population closer together on the basis of worship of this god and contribute to strengthening the central government. But in reality it turned out that in Egypt itself the cult of Sarapis did not become popular with either the Hellenes or the local population. The policy of uniting different ethnic groups on the basis of the religious factor without carrying out the same policy of rapprochement in other spheres (military, administrative, etc.) was doomed to failure.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Khristinich I.V. —
Execution of the Fire Safety Law Under the Prosecutor's Supervision Over 300 Years
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2013. – ¹ 5.
– P. 60 - 71.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2013.5.9243 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=9243
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Abstract:
It is well known that the prosecution authorities have started to significantly influence the level of legitimacy in Russia since the very moment those authorities were created. Prosecutors deal with all legal spheres of life activities including fire safety. In the pre-revolutionary Russia fire safety was already controlled by prosecutors along with the issues of national security. The main goal was to inform the authorities about all incidents of fire and fire safety measures. In the pre-revolutionary period all fire safety agencies and organizations were under the supervision of prosecution agencies.
The main regulatory and administrative documents of the Prosecutor General of the USSR describe the following directions of prosecution supervision in the sphere of fire safety: supervision of the execution of laws by administrative agencies conducting preventive maintenance and fire safety investigations, control over the execution of orders and instructions and supervision of the execution of laws on responsibility for violation of fire safety rules.
Based on this insight into the history, the author of the article makes a conclusion that as an independent activity, prosecutor's supervision over the execution of fire safety rules started to form at the post-socialist period of Russian history.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kulikov E.A. —
N. Y. Danilevsky civilizational approach towards the typology of states within the history of Russian legal thought
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 6.
– P. 479 - 508.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.6.16042 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16042
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Abstract:
The subject of the conducted research is the political legal doctrine of the prominent Russian thinker of the XX century Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky. The author analyzes the civilizational approach towards the typology of societies and states, which for the first time in the history of global thought was developed by this scholar in his fundamental work “Russian and Europe: Look Upon the Cultural and Political Relations of Slavic Word with Romano-Germanic”. The attention is given namely to the political legal component of the aforementioned approach. The author examines the essence of N. Y. Danilevsky’s outlook and pursues a certain correlation between his approach and the approach of K. N. Leontyev and Eurasians. The author gives a detailed characteristic to the scientific approach of N. Y. Danilevsky towards the typology of states. Often, within the Russian juridical literature, it is forgotten that namely this thinker was the first to develop such approach 50-60 years ahead of his colleagues. In addition to that, the author compares N. Y. Danilevsky approach with K. N. Leontyev approach and reveals the distinctive and general features.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Tsendrovskiy O. —
The evolution of theory and practice of PR in the history of social communication
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 5.
– P. 279 - 337.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.5.16301 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16301
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Abstract:
The author of the article attempts to determine the concept of the phenomenon of “public relations” and its internal borders, as well as to demonstrate its historical development and place within the modern society. For this purpose, the following goals are set: to gradually expound the history of persuasive communication and its main instruments (advertising, propagation, PR); during the course of the historical-social research, to revise and correct their definitions and common understanding; as a result of the analysis of the current state of social communication, to give practical recommendations for the advertising and PR and, as well as the forecast of their development in the nearest future. The author’s main contribution consists in postulating of the multi-component nature of public relations, which despite the absolutely predominant opinion, cannot be reduced to a single foundation. The author formulates three independent elements of public relations: informative, suggestive, and adaptive; and describes their origin, specificity, and concept. The author claims that the initial instrument of PR – the creation of special events with the powerful dramatic layer of semantics that are interesting and entertaining – gains a great significance and advantage over all other ways of communicational influence under the conditions of prevalence of the virus model of spreading information (horizontally, from user to user).
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Bezgin V.B. —
Unnatural vices within the peasant environment (second half of the XIX – beginning of the XX century)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 2.
– P. 108 - 120.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.2.17918 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17918
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Based on the archive materials, the author examines the facts of sexual inversions (incest, sodomy, and zoophilia) in the Russian village of the end of XIX – the beginning of XX century. According to the existed criminal legislation they qualified as crimes against public morality, and the villagers considered them as vice and contradicting the human nature actions. The article presents an analysis of the court cases associated with the sexual actions of criminal character, which involved the peasants. The author determined the level of expansion of these crimes within the rural environment, explores the reaction of the villagers to the cases of sexual perversions, as well as studies the legal precedents with regards to such cases. As a hypothesis, the author suggests that the manifestations of sexual inversions among peasants were linked to the peculiarities of the rural lifestyle, as well as the negative consequences of the modernization process of the Russian society. The unnatural vices in the village were most common to the rural marginals. On the contrary, the male villagers became victims of sexual perversions on the city from the side of local sodomists.
Based on the archive materials, the author examines the facts of sexual inversions (incest, sodomy, and zoophilia) in the Russian village of the end of XIX – the beginning of XX century. According to the existed criminal legislation they qualified as crimes against public morality, and the villagers considered them as vice and contradicting the human nature actions. The article presents an analysis of the court cases associated with the sexual actions of criminal character, which involved the peasants. The author determined the level of expansion of these crimes within the rural environment, explores the reaction of the villagers to the cases of sexual perversions, as well as studies the legal precedents with regards to such cases. As a hypothesis, the author suggests that the manifestations of sexual inversions among peasants were linked to the peculiarities of the rural lifestyle, as well as the negative consequences of the modernization process of the Russian society. The unnatural vices in the village were most common to the rural marginals. On the contrary, the male villagers became victims of sexual perversions on the city from the side of local sodomists.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
P'yankov S.A. —
The Ural agricultural societies in the late XIX – early XX centuries: the process of establishment, functions and social structure
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 4.
– P. 137 - 148.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.4.20218 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20218
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Abstract:
This article based on the data of the administrative statistics, country documentation management, and periodical materials, analyzes the mechanisms of organization of the agricultural societies in the Ural region. The author presents the dynamics of formation of the agricultural societies in Russia, as well as demonstrates the place of Ural governorates in this process. The social structure of the founders and rankers of the public associations are being examined. Based on the example of separate societies, the work analyzes the vectors of the work, number of the participants and areas of their activity, ways and nature of interaction with the representatives of authorities and local self-governance. Special attention is focused on the role of county agricultural personnel, which is one of the main actors in the process of establishment of the agricultural societies in the Ural region. The author makes a conclusion that the agricultural societies were in the sphere of influence of the agricultural services of the government and county council. The growth in the number of agricultural societies was not directly linked to the high social activity of the peasant population, and in many ways acted as the result of the reformation process in agricultural sphere from the outside. The established as the result of the external influence agricultural societies performed the interlink function between the agriculturists and peasantry, playing the role of re-translators of the new production technologies.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Markhanova T.F. —
Population of China during the time of Sui dynasty (581-618)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 5.
– P. 29 - 37.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.5.20871 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20871
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Abstract:
This article is dedicated to the demographic policy of Sui dynasty. The goal of the work is to demonstrate the size of China’s population during the ruling of Sui dynasty based on the Chinese sources and Western-European literature. The author is first to examine the methods of calculation of the population base during the ruling of Sui dynasty and highlights three of them: maoyue (visual inspection), registration of households, and dynamic of population base. The system of taxation lied in the foundation of the centralized census of Sui dynasty. Similar official enumeration of the population was conducted for tax collection and realization of labor duty. Analyzing China’s demographic situation during the time of Sui dynasty, it is noted that the growth and decline in size of population of China were associated with the periods of development of the country, as well as socio-economic and natural-geographical factors. During the bloom of the dynasty, the author underlines a significant economic growth, which affected the increase of the size of population. However, during the crisis and wars, the situation with population changed to negative. The author comes to a conclusion that during the time of Sui dynasty in 609 A.D., with the help of three analytical methods, the population comprised 46 million registered people, which allowed forming a new tax base for the country.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Iminohoev A.M. —
The city of Verkhneudinsk/Ulan-Ude in 1930: demographic processes and size of population
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 3.
– P. 25 - 32.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.3.22285 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22285
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Abstract:
In the presented article, the author examined the channels and mechanisms of population formation in Verkhneudinsk / Ulan-Ude under conditions of large-scale socialist industrialization of the 1930s, when radical changes in the growth rates and the structure of the city's population took place. Based on the archive materials, special attention is paid to migration flows from other regions and rural areas of the republic, which was the main source of urban population growth during the examined the period. The author analyzes the important problems, which aggravated due to the massive influx of migrants, such as urban infrastructure, housing crisis, and growth of social diseases. The methodological basis of the research includes the fundamental principles of historical science: the principle of historicism, which requires considering historical events and processes in their development and interrelationship; the principle of scientific objectivity and systemic nature that allows carrying out an objective analysis, give assessment to the facts related to the topic in their combination. The main conclusions of the study lie in the thesis that the formation of urban population of Verkhneudinsk/Ulan-Ude during the 1930's was affected by a number of socioeconomic and demographic processes characteristic to the entire county, among which are industrialization, collectivization, and demographic transition.
.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Babich I.L. —
Ecclesiastical dynasties and spiritual crisis in the prerevolutionary Russian (on the example of the Kazantsev hereditary Orthodox priests)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 7.
– P. 122 - 132.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.7.23639 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=23639
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the ecclesiastical Orthodox dynasties of the XIX century in Russia. The object of this article is the evolution of spiritual life of the hereditary priests Kazantsevs, who served in the Church of the Life-Giving Spring Icon of the Mother of God in Tsaritsyno (presently Moscow) that was a part of the unfinished by Bazhenov and Kazakov Catherine Palace. Ecclesiastical ministry of the Kazantsevs was suppressed in the end of 1903, when the next successor refused to accept the ministry. The goal of this work consists in demonstrating the causes for spiritual crisis in the prerevolutionary Russian, as well as its impact upon the events of 1917. The research is prepared based on the archive materials from the Central State Historical Archives of Moscow and Moscow Region, archive of the Kazantsevs family, and verbal discussions with the descendants of the family. Leaning on the collected materials, the article portrays the history of ecclesiastical Orthodox dynasty of the XIX using the method of historical reconstruction. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that based on the example of church ministry of several generations of the Kazantsev family, the author was able to trace the trend established in Russian in the late XIX – early XX century, namely the beginning of spiritual crises and infiltration of the revolutionary ideas into the families of priests. As a result, people with theological education refused from the ministry, preferring the various secular professions but remaining Orthodox in their soul. It is worth noting that the spiritual life of several generation of the ancestors could not “confront” the strength and pressure of the new ideology of the late XIX century. The author believes that the description of history of a single Orthodox dynasty helps understanding the inevitability of the following events in 1917.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Korovin K.S. —
Ideological grounds of the Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of 1918
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 9.
– P. 15 - 30.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.9.24090 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24090
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Abstract:
The analysis of the Communism ideology through the prism of the constitutional context is new to the modern historiography. The article views Lenin's state and legal ideology as the basis of legitimizing formula of the Russian Constitution of 1918. The main attention is paid to examination of the influence of political and legal ideas of Marxism-Leninism upon the adoption of the framework law of Soviet Russia alongside the further constitutional consolidation. Leaning on the principles of theory of the ideological morphology, the article structures the formulation of such concepts in Lenin's teaching as a commune state, dictatorship of the proletariat, proletarian democracy, and state management by workers (the elimination of bureaucracy). From the standpoint of the theory of speech acts, history of terms and concept of the “legal policy”, Marxism-Leninism is analyzed in the context of Russian Constitution of 1918. It is asserted that Bolshevism was a type of social engineering, aimed at the legal and political construction of post-revolutionary reality. Thus, the constitutional commission, established in April 1918, became the de facto instrument for consolidating the basic provisions of the Marxist-Leninist ideology in the first Constitution of the Soviet State. In this context, the realization of Lenin's ideas undergone detailed examination in specific Articles of the Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of 1918.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Mistryugov P.A. —
State policy of provisional government and Soviet power with regards to former servicemen of Russian public and political police over the period of March 1917 – December 1921 (on the materials of Samara province)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 10.
– P. 14 - 31.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.10.26167 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=26167
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the examination of policy of the provisional government and Soviet power with regards to policemen, gendarmes and secret police. The author considers such aspects of the topic as the measures of local authorities taken towards them, analyzes the vectors of state policy, means and methods of its implementation, as well as response of the communities in which the “former” served prior to being arrested. Relevance of the article lies in the fact that the problem of actual rather than mythologized political measures, applied towards the representatives of the annihilated law enforcement structures of imperial power at the local level, remains insufficiently studied. The scientific novelty is defined by the poorly studied problematic, which includes the previously unexamined questions on the political corrective measures towards servicemen of the imperial law enforcement structures over the period of 1917-1921; the acquired results of its study; and the sources introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Glukharev N.N. —
Formation of images of the future in the USSR in the 1920s.
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2024. – ¹ 1.
– P. 28 - 43.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.1.69559 EDN: PWXOFU URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=69559
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Abstract:
The article is devoted to the trends in the formation of images of the future in the USSR in the 1920s. The subject of the study is the image of the future as an object of design during the formation of a new state of society, the search for guidelines and practices of social development. Design in a broad context is considered as an active creative activity to shape the image of the future. Design may imply certain deadlines for its implementation, or it may be based on approximate calculations, on some guidelines that do not have a strict time limit. The research methods were historical-analytical, historical-comparative, historical-genetic, system-analytical. The postulates of F. Polak and E. Bloch were adopted as the methodological basis for studying images of the future.
The article identifies the subjects of designing images of the future in the period under study, among whom are the leaders and ideologists of the Communist Party, as well as representatives of the urban intelligentsia. The main factors in the formation of images of the future are identified, among which are noted: the “current present”, political programs and ideological attitudes of the power elite, ideological trends of previous decades, scientific achievements, value systems. Projecting images of the future by subjects in the 1920s, experiencing the influence of various factors, led to the formation of images of a predominantly utopian nature, defining the horizons of the “expected” or “possible” future. Given the schematic and vagueness of the political guidelines for communism and the diversity of its author’s figurative variants, the future society was presented in the general categories of collectivism, science-centrism, technocratism, the ideals of a new socially determined person, and the subordination of nature to society.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Timshina E.L. —
Looking back at the past: image of the Soviet Union in the politics of memory the parties (by the example of materials of elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the VI and VII convocations)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 3.
– P. 37 - 52.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.3.32753 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32753
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Almost three decades have passed since the dissolution of the Soviet Union; however, there is still no unity towards its history – various political actors interpret it differently. Analysis is conducted on the politics of memory of the parties that participated in the last two election campaigns in reference to the Soviet period. The goal of article is to determine the parties with own politics of memory; assess the attitude of the political parties on the Soviet history as a whole and isolated key events; as well as describe experience of using the politics of memory in electoral cycle. The opposition parties – the CPRF, LDPR, Yabloko, PARNAS, and the Communists of Russia – most actively referred to the politics of memory. The center of political attention became the history of the Soviet period, to which different approaches were applied. The liberal parties criticized the USSR and advocated decommunization, while the left-wing parties notices only positive aspects in the Soviet history. The LDPR offered to separate the attitude towards the Soviet regime, and the attitude towards the state. Although the political parties have not fully fulfilled their potential as the actors of the politics of memory, the development of the own strategies of interpretation of history is traced clearly. The politics of memory may evolve into a separate vector of major party politics.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Dashieva S.B., Rinchinova O.S., Tsyrenova N.D. —
The formation of worldview of the doctors of traditional medicine in China, Mongolia, and Russia
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 9.
– P. 79 - 87.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.9.33848 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=33848
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The subject of this research is the current state of the system of traditional medical system in China, Mongolia and Russia. The object of this research is the role of a doctor in development of the traditional medicine (Tibetan) in China, Mongolia and Russia. The authors conduct comparative analysis between the degree of integratedness of the doctor of traditional medicine into the general medical and scientific-educational environment of one or another country, and degree of their demand in practical health care. Special attention is given to the sources of biographical records on the doctors of Tibetan medicine in Old Mongolian and Chinese languages, as well as to the problem of the impact of sociocultural and normative legal environment upon personal becoming of the doctor of traditional medicine. The main conclusions consist in determination of commonality of religious beliefs and the method of acquisition of knowledge on Tibetan medicine in the context of Buddhist philosophy, as well as the fact that traditional Tibetan medicine is interrelated with Buddhism, in which the system of the so-called “direct transfer” of knowledge from the teacher to a student has sacred and fundamental meaning in becoming of the healer monk. The authors' special contribution to the research is defined by introduction into the scientific discourse of previously unpublished records on the doctors of Tibetan medicine in China, Mongolia and Russia. The novelty consists in conducting the analysis of factors that unite the doctors of Tibetan medicine in China, Mongolia and Russia, as well as in reveling the commonality of religious beliefs and method of acquisition of knowledge of Tibetan medicine in the context of Buddhist philosophy.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Ryabova O.V., Smirnova I.P. —
From the history of the development of tourist and excursion business in Nizhny Novgorod in the 1920s.
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2022. – ¹ 4.
– P. 46 - 53.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2022.4.37850 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=37850
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The subject of the study is the study of the development of tourist and excursion business in the Nizhny Novgorod province in the first decade of Soviet power. The purpose of the work is to analyze trends in the development of tourism, contradictions between commercially oriented tourism and the ideology of Soviet power. The article describes the first tourist and sightseeing routes. A detailed description of long-distance excursions to the resorts of the Crimea and the Caucasus, as well as to the industrial centers of the country is given. The role of trade unions in providing benefits when paying for vouchers is indicated. The methodology of the work is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity, as well as a systematic approach that allows a comprehensive examination of the subject under study. The novelty of the scientific work lies in the identification and generalization of historical sources, the involvement in scientific circulation of archival data showing the activities of the Excursion Bureau of the Nizhny Novgorod Province in the period under study. The conducted research showed that tourist and excursion activities, despite its important role in the ideological propaganda of the Soviet government, were characterized by insufficient funding. Attempts to commercialize this type of activity, to achieve the possibility of making a profit have not been successful. The reason for this was the low incomes of the population (therefore, trade unions had to subsidize tourist trips), and the ideological orientation of this type of activity. Therefore, with the beginning of the "Stalinist modernization" of the country and the end of the NEP, the concept of the so-called "proletarian tourism", with its idea of organizing a voluntary society of amateur tourism, is becoming increasingly popular.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Abramova N.G. —
Modern Problems of Studying and Teaching Historical Geography in Russia
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2013. – ¹ 1.
– P. 50 - 69.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2013.1.620 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=620
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Abstract:
Throughout the period of teaching historical geography there has been a very important problem with study materials. At the beginning of the XX century a few study books were published. However, researchers noted that those study books had a weak conceptual framework, mostly due to a weak definition of the subject matter of historical geography and undeveloped methods of research. During the 20's - 30's of the XX century historical geography was forgotten as an academic discipline. Researches were mostly conducted within the framework of history studies. Historical geography was not taught at schools for almost 30 years. The author of the present article describes how the academic community came back to studying and teaching historical geography in mid XX. The article also contains the description of the place and role of historical geography in modern world and reviews of study books and study materials in this sphere.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Babich I.L. —
Evolution of the Orthodox Church During the Period of the Bishopric of Ignatius Bryanchaninov
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 1.
– P. 96 - 137.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.1.13968 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=13968
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Rerformations of the government and economy that took place in the Caucasian Region in 1860s involved religious reforms, too. The present article is devoted to the history of religious reformations in that region. The blossom of Orthodoxy in the Caucasus is mostly associated with a public and religious figure of Russia of the XIXth century, the bishop Ignatius Bryanchaninov. He had lived and worked in the Caucasus since 1858 till 1861. This is the period the present article is devoted to. The author of the article bases the research on the two types of sources, archive materials taken by the author from the two funds of the Russian state historical archive, Holy Synod and Caucasian Committee, and the published letters of Saint Ignatius to his brother Petr Alexandrovich, the Governor of Stavropol, and Nikolay Nikolaevich Muraviev-Karssky, an outstanding military and political figure. The article is also based on the chronological principle and covers the following points: consecration of the archimandrite Ignatius to the position of Bishop of the Caucasus, Ignatius Bryanchaninov's plan on what needed to be done in the Cauasus, the nature of Ignatius' communication with the civil authorities in the Caucasus, measures undertaken by Ignatius to change the borders of the Caucasian bishopric, retirement of Ignatius Bryanchaninov and, finally, consecration of a new bishop.
The results of the research evidently show that even though Ignatius Bryanchaninov had been a Bishop of the Caucasus and Black Sea Region for not such a long period of time, he made a great contribution to the expansion and promotion of Orthodox beliefs and style of life in the North Caucasus.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Mamontov V. —
The impact of the foreign policy factors upon the development of customs legislation in Moscow State of the XVI-XVII centuries
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 4.
– P. 46 - 50.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.4.19069 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=19069
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The subject of this research is the legal regulation of the customs of Moscow centralized state of the XVI-XVII centuries. The object is the combination of the socioeconomic and foreign policy relations established in the Moscow centralized state in the XVI-XVII centuries, which affected the development of the Russian customs law during the examined period. The goal of this work is to analyze the influence of the foreign policy factors on the customs policy of Moscow State, as well as its reflection in the normative legal acts of the aforementioned period. Special attention is given to the study of the Russian experience of syncretizing the elements of foreign policy and the customs legal regulation based on the example of formation of the customs legislation in the Moscow State of the XVI-XVII centuries. The examination of the experience of establishment of the Moscow State customs legislation allows claiming that the development of the customs law is performed taking into account the influence of the foreign policy factors that are in turn substantiated by the possibility of implementation of the instruments of customs policy for the purpose of solution of the foreign policy tasks, as well as by the necessity of consideration of the foreign policy conjuncture during the introduction of certain legal norms regulating the relations in the customs sphere.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Akishin M.O. —
State reforms and legal language of the Russian Empire of the XVIII century
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 4.
– P. 51 - 72.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.4.20072 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20072
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This article examines the impact of state-legal reformations upon the development of the legal language of the Russian Empire of the XVIII century. The author performs an analysis of the Romano-Germanic doctrines of the Renaissance era with regards to the development of the state and law of Russia through the prism of the language borrowings. The article reviews the state-legal policy in the area of language relations, changes in the language of legislation, establishment of the conceptual apparatus of law, language of the official clerical correspondence and judicial procedures, as well as the influence of legal science upon the development of the theory of legal language in the Russian Empire. It is determined that the establishment of the enlightened absolutism and the state of the early New Times had impact upon the development of Russian language. The law in the modern essence becomes the essential source of law. Certain requirements to the language are being formulated in the lawmaking process. The author highlights the establishment of terminology and terminological system of legal language; the legal notions attain the legal definitions. The formation of legal science led to the development of the theory of legal language; the dictionaries of the XVIII century were comprised by the renowned Russian scholars and public figures. It is noted that Russia has formed the tradition of the doctrinal definitions of legal concepts, which were endowed with substantial authority.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Krichevtsev M.V. —
Legal regime of detention of foreign prisoners of war in France under Napoleon I (on dispositions of the Empire and the acts of the prefecture of Eure department in 1813 – 1814)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 5.
– P. 1 - 13.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.5.20877 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20877
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The subject of this research is the changes in legal regime of detention of the foreign prisoners of war in France during the ruling period of Napoleon I. The work examines the normative positions pertaining to places of dislocation, organization of work and daily life of the prisoners of war, their financial support administration and police supervision over them, as well as punishments for violation of order and discipline. Legal regulation was exercised on general imperial level alongside separate departments, which causes a question about the interaction of the imperial law with the local law. The article compares the imperial regulations with the acts of prefect of M. de Miramont existing in the Eure department in 1813 – 1814. The relevance of this topic is substantiate by the insufficient study in science of the relation of administrations of various departments towards the dislocated within them prisoners of war and peculiarities of legal regulation of their detention. The conclusion is made that that legal regime of detention of the foreign prisoners of war in France during the late Napoleonic era, to a significant extent is defined not by the general imperial regulations but the local stipulations. Acts of the prefecture issued in the Eure department, testify to the extensive freedom of lawmaking of a prefect in this field. Particularly, the acts of 1814 significantly expanded the authority of the local civil administration pertaining to the depot of prisoners of war within the department’s territory and enhanced its impact upon the military structure in the late ruling period of Napoleon I.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Chediya A.R. —
Ethnic situation in Western Caucasus in perception of the Ottomans (on the example of the archival Ottoman document Hatt- Hatti hümayün 1104/ 444590- Y
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 2.
– P. 102 - 113.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.2.25306 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25306
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The object of this research is the representations of the Ottoman authors about the ethnic situation in Western Caucasus in the early XIX century. Considering the throughout more than a 300 year history (from 1454 to 1829) fell within the scope of the Ottoman Empire, special interest for studying the history of the regional residents and their relationship with the Ottoman Empire represent the unpublished archival Ottoman materials that reveal the peculiarities of Ottomans’ understanding of the ethnic situation in Western Caucasus. One of the aforementioned documents is considered in the article. The author conducted analysis and generalization of the Ottoman historical works that contain information about the peoples of the region, as well as used the basic theoretical and practical methods of historical research. For the first time into the scientific discourse is introduced the document from the Ottoman State Archive Hatt- Hatti hümayün 1104/ 444590- Y, which provides a description of the peoples of Western Caucasus. Due to the fact that they remained non-literate until the second half of the XIX century, the majority of historical research of the region is presented by the memoirs compiled by the foreign travelers, military men, ambassadors, agents, etc. Thus, the indicated document will allow the scholars of history and ethnography to have a new perspective upon the ethnic history of the peoples of Western Caucasus.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Drozdov A.I. —
Population of Khakassia in the conditions of establishment of Sayan territorial-production complex: historical-demographic aspect
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2018. – ¹ 9.
– P. 65 - 72.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.9.27219 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=27219
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The subject of this research is the demographic changes in the territory of Khakassia in 1970 – first half of 1980’s. The goal of this work is to analyze the processes of natural and mechanic migration of population in the conditions of its industrial development. Khakassia was assigned to the role of the center of establishment of the Sayan territorial-production complex; it included the three industrial hubs: Abakan, Chernogorsk, and Sayanogorsk. The indicated period marks the time of consolidation of population structure in the region characteristic to the industrial society. The analysis of factual material is conducted on the basis of modernization theory. The work also applies the historical methods (comparative-historical, problematic-chronological, retrospective), as well as quantitative methods (descriptive statistics, dynamic analysis). The scientific novelty lies in generalization and systematization of the materials related to the considered problematic from the perspective of modernization theory. Examination of demographic processes is carried out on the basis of a set of historical sources (both, published and archival). In terms of the establishment of Sayan territorial-production complex, the demographic changes, common to the late-industrial modernization, took place in Khakassia: growth of the absolute size and portion of townspeople in the population structure, and thus, the reduction in size and relative density of rural population.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
van Haaske L.A. —
Accusatory discourse of the Salem witch trial: the experience of imagological analysis
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 2.
– P. 34 - 46.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.2.35055 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=35055
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The object of this research is the imagery underlying the accusation of witchcraft within the framework of the Salem witch trial (colonial Massachusetts, 1692). The author reviews the imagery that is directly related to the witchcraft discourse, as well as the general principles of accusations of witchcraft. Emphasis is placed on the impact of such imagery upon the collective consciousness of the Puritan community in North America in the XVII century. Special attention is turned to the mythological symbols reflected in the discourse of justice. The article is prepared within the framework of the authorial project on studying the influence of the imagery of fear on social behavior in history. The fact of randomness of accusations was established. The leading imagery, which was the cause for the accusation of witchcraft, is revealed. The ultimate role of fear of supernatural influence in this trial is recognized. The author notes the prime importance of fear as an actor of collective action and the importance of studying this phenomenon in the context of historical science. The conclusion is drawn on impossibility of interpretation of the Salem trial as an instance of aggression towards the persons who have a special (socioeconomic, religious, or marginal) status within the community. The novelty of this research consists in the use of formal legal sources in the analysis of cultural space in the imagological context.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Galyamov A.A. —
Historical-ethnographic and visual sources of C. Roth’s printmaking from J. G. Georgi’s edition (on the example of the Ob Ugrians)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 6.
– P. 95 - 105.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.6.35871 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=35871
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The subject of this research is the printmaking of C. Roth from the academic edition of J. G. Georgi Georgi “Description of everyone living in Russian state…”. The works of the Nuremberg printmaker Christopher Roth, although being an important source, were not given due attention for a long time, being viewed only in the context of studying the academic work of J. G. Georgi. The this article aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the historical-ethnographic and visual sources of C. Roth’s printmaking on the example of the images of the Ob Ugrians (“Ostyak on the Ob River”, “Ostyak on Ermine Trapping”, “The Face of Ostyachka”, and “The Back of “Ostyachka”). Based on the developed visual motifs – costumes, characteristic “postures”, attributes, etc., it is possible to reconstruct the list of sources used by C. Roth in his art pieces. The conclusion is made that as the historical-ethnographic and visual sources, C. Roth used drawings (including “plein-air” and expeditionary), " mannequins, and examples of Ostyak traditional dresses from the Siberian collection of the Kunstkamera. However, in creation of such compositions as “ Ostyak in Ermine Trapping”, “The Face of Ostyachka”, and “The Back of “Ostyachka”, the list of the aforementioned sources can be complemented by ethnographic descriptions from the academic editions of the second half of the XVIII century, miniatures from chronicles (“Brief Siberian (Kungur) Chronicle”), as well as ethnographic maps (“Ethnographic Map of Siberia of the Great Northern Expedition”).
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Krizhanovsky N.I., San'kova S.M. —
The impact of M. O. Menshikov's childhood upon the formation of his publicistic interests
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 9.
– P. 133 - 150.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.9.36474 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=36474
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The subject of this research is the early life of M. O. Menshikov – one of the ideologists of the Russian nationalism of the early XX century and leading publicist of the largest all-Russian newspaper “Novoe Vremya”. The goal consists in full reconstruction of the conditions of his childhood and early youth. The methods of deduction, induction, comparative and prospective analysis were used for reconstructing separate circumstances of the initial stage of development of Menshikov’s personality and holistic biographical picture. The synthesis of objective analysis of the facts with subjective assessments of the events described by Menshikov himself in his diaries and articles allowed depicting the external circumstances of his youth, as well as reconstruct the peculiarities of development of his inner world and social reflection. The conclusion is made that a range of the core themes of Menshikov's publicistic writing, which were covered in the newspaper “Nedelya” and later in “Novoe Vremya”, and ultimately brought him popularity, take roots in his childhood and early youth: “family relations”, “upbringing and education”, “pursuit of belonging”, “finding happiness through harmony with the world”. These topics were covered by Menshikov based on the rich life experience, a long path from the poor peasant family to the cadet of Naval Engineering School in Kronstadt. The fact that he was able to understand the problems of the commoners made him closer to the reader. The provided biography is currently the most detailed study of the early life of M. O. Menshikov's; many facts are introduced for the first time. The article also presents additional empirical material on the history of childhood, elementary and secondary education in Russia of the late XIX century.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Arapov A.V. —
The Main Tendencies of Faith in Christ (Religious Essay)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2013. – ¹ 4.
– P. 61 - 69.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2013.4.491 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=491
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The article is devoted to one of the movement in Russian religious sectarianism that is usually called 'faith in Christ' or 'Khlyst's movement'. The author of the article describes the main sects that are usually related to the 'faith in Christ' movement including 'God's People', 'Postniks', 'Old Israel' and 'New Israel'. The author gives an insight into their religion and history. Each movement was created based on the preceding movement. Most of the followers started to follow the new movement but the old movement also continued to exist. The author gives examples of their religious literature and describes the main forms of their mystic practices. The 'Faith in Christ' movement is viewed as the expression of the two tendencies typial for the Russian religion. Firstly, it is the focus on emotions when emotional mystic experience takes the central place and the internal state of mind and spirits is more important than the ritual. The second feature is the desire to see Christ in a new human (a spiritual leader). Of course there are not the only tendencies in Russian religion. There have been some opposing tendencies as well but they have been practiced by other religious communities.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Popova S.M. —
Analysis of Foreign and Russian Experience in the Development of Digital Infrastructure of Socio-Humanitarian Researches
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 1.
– P. 208 - 251.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.1.13820 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=13820
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The subject of the present research is the contemporary Russian and foreign experience in the development of the digital research infrastructure in the field of social studies and humanities including history. Internet Revolution and the transfer to the 'information society' have drastically changed not only the place and role of information and communication technologies in science and everyday life but even our image of possible forms of scientific researches. Special attention is paid to the encouragement of creation of sustainable scientific 'ecosystems' based on digital research infrastructures and deliberate support of the processes of self-organization of the research community. To achieve the objectives of the research the author has applied the methods of analysis, synthesis, data systematisation, comparative-historical, systems, structural and other scientific methods. The author makes a conclusion that the digital infrastructure of socio-humanitarian researches in the Russian Federation is quite behind such infrastructures of the global and European levels. One of the reasons for that is the opinion that the research infrastructure should be represented only by the centers of collectively used scientific equipment and unique researches in the field of natural sciences. In addition, a serious obstacle for the development of the digital research infrastructure in our country in social humanities is that digital technologies are usually excluded from the priorities of the state science advancement policy. The author provides a review of the Russian Internet resources (2000 - 2014) that can be important elements of the Russian digital infrastructure in the field of history.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Yakimov K.A. —
Peculiarities of the political education in Komsomol during the period of 1937-1938
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 5.
– P. 148 - 165.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.5.17469 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17469
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The relevance of this research is substantiated by the necessity of historical cognition of the role of Komsomol in political education of the youth. Based on the materials of the State Archive of the Sociopolitical History of Tambov Oblast, this article examines such compositional elements of political upbringing as participation of Komsomol members in the work regarding the struggle against the “public enemy”, well as anti-religious and educational activity of the Komsomol organizations. The author conducts the analysis of the impact of political education upon the formation of specific feature of the Soviet youth, as well as gives assessment to the quality of education in political schools and groups. The article also examines the influence of political upbringing on the character of public moods of the youth, which allows more objectively evaluate the sociocultural phenomenon of the Komsomol. The scientific novelty consists in reframing of the controversial sociopolitical moods of the youth during the most difficult stage in the history of Komsomol. The author underlines the influence of Komsomol organization in the field of political education and upbringing of the young generation upon the establishment of specific features among the Soviet youth.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Khusyainov T.M. —
Siege coins of the Polish Zamość Fortress minted during the siege by the Russian army in 1813
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 1.
– P. 107 - 117.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.1.17645 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17645
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This article examines the unique for Polish numismatics case of minting the siege coins (second after besieging Gdansk by the army of Stephen Báthory in 1577). The author briefly reviews the circumstances, under which took place the siege of the Zamość Fortress in 1813, during the period of Napoleonic Wars, namely the retreat of the Great Army of Napoleon and advance of the Russian Empire army (foreign crusades). Under the conditions when all the cash money were spent for the needs of defenders of the fortress, the commander of the defending fortress M. Hauge made a decision on the emission of private coin. This work is based on in the materials on history and numismatics, examples of the coins, as well as Polish, American, and Russian sources. Despite all of the efforts to eliminate, the coins of Zamość Fortress held its place in the body of coins and medals of the period of Napoleonic Wars, and became an important national heritage and patriotic symbol, memory for the future generations about the heroic defense. The coins minted during the siege of Zamość Fortress in 1813 are the second (after the siege of Gdansk in 1577) and the last case of the siege coins in Polish numismatic, which is especially interesting for the research.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Bredikhin V.E. —
Regulation of the composition of Komsomol in the late 1930’s – the early 1940’s
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2016. – ¹ 4.
– P. 186 - 208.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2016.4.20229 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20229
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The subject of this research is the policy of regulation of the composition of Komsomol during the prewar years as a way of strengthening of social and human resource base of Stalin’s dictatorship. The author examines the peculiarities of the enrollment into the union, as well as the institution of exclusion from Komsomol as the means of increasing of the quality of its composition. In the context of regulation of the composition of Komsomol, the author analyzes the purges of the “Great Terror” period of 1937-1938. For the first time in the new historiography of the strengthening of the regime of Stalin’s dictatorship, the author analyzes the practice of regulation of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the union in the late 1930’s through the mechanism of inclusion/exclusion of its members. The practice of inclusion of the late 1930’s significantly differed from the preceding period: the majority of the enrolled was comprised not by the labor people, but the students, which contributed into the growth of educational potential of the union. The mass inclusion of the youth produced a well-known negative effect: in form of increase of the portion of passive members, which decreased the organizational-executive quality of the Komsomol as the assistant of the party. The sanction policy in the union primarily supported the government interests, which substantiated the high percentage of exclusion of the Komsomol members based on political grounds.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sogdanova Z.G. —
Periodicals about the harm inflicted by German Fascist occupants
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2017. – ¹ 8.
– P. 149 - 156.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.8.22085 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22085
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Abstract:
During the first days after the liberation from German Fascist occupation, the regional mass media published records on the sustained human losses and inflicted material damage. The provided data regarding all social spheres that suffered from the occupants carry an emotional tone justified by the human pain. The subject of this article is the periodicals of the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and Stavropol Krai as the source of assessing the harm inflicted by the German Fascist occupants over the period of the Great Patriotic War. The key sources for writing this article became the periodicals from the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia and the State Archive of Stavropol Krai. Methodological basis is comprised by the dialectical and materialistic analysis of the historical events and facts published on the pages of periodicals during the post-occupational time. Thus, the periodicals, as the sources reflecting the events at the moment of their accomplishment, allow making a conclusion that policy of fascist conquerors carried mass character, and regardless of the regions and inhabiting peoples was standard, similarly rough, inhumane, barbarian, and ruthless.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Suroven' D.A. —
Reconstruction of chronologies of the first half of the V century (reign of the emperors Nintoku and Ingyō) Part I: Chronology of the second quarter of the V century
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 3.
– P. 22 - 46.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.3.27080 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=27080
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Abstract:
This article is dedicated to the establishment of precise chronology of the second quarter of the V century in the history of Ancient Japan, as back in the XIX century it was founded out that the reign time of the first Yamato emperors was excessively extended. The researchers were able to determine the proper chronology of the second half of the IV – beginning of the V century; but the precise chronology of the first half of the V century until the middle of the V century, when Japan borrowed the Chinese calendar Yuan Xi Lie, which gave the more precise chronology. The comparison of records of the Chinese dynasty stories about five wangs of Japan in the V century with the records about the Yamato emperors of the same period in Japanese sources, allowed ascertaining time of the reign of the aforementioned monarchs. The author determines the reason of distortion of the Yamato chronology of the second quarter of the V century in “Nihon Shoki”, founded on the cyclic indication of the Korean sources “Baekje Shinchan” that applied the inaccurate cycle, which is 26 years behind times. In restoring the authentic cyclic indicators, considering its shift back to 26 years, the author attempts to reconstruct the chronology of the second quarter of the V century within the accuracy of the year of reign, lunar month and day of event.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kimeeva T.I., Yudin M.O. —
Development of restoration technique of the object of architectural heritage: historical aspect
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2019. – ¹ 3.
– P. 72 - 79.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.3.29308 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29308
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the restoration of architectural heritage since the XIX century until the present day. The subject of this research is the development of restoration technique of architectural landmarks throughout the indicated timeframe, the records on which are described fragmentarily in scientific publications and require systematization. The application of historical-typological method in studying the evolution of restoration techniques and principles allowed determining the attributes inherent to each chronological period and substantiate the future development trends. This defines the scientific novelty of the article. The main conclusions consists in the logically structured scale of restoration techniques of the architectural landmarks, which is built on the basis of historical-chronological characteristic and considering the positions reflected in scientific publications. The authors also trace the correlation between the various restoration techniques, as well as formulate the concept of restoration of the objects of architectural heritage.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Ermolaeva E. —
Formation and development of foreign policy ideology of the Republic of Korea
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2020. – ¹ 7.
– P. 39 - 50.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.7.33554 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=33554
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Abstract:
This article explores the process of formation of foreign policy ideology of the Republic of Korea. The object of this research is the national ideology of the Republic of Korea, while the subject is the ideological concepts of its foreign policy. Analysis is conducted on the historical background, cultural and sociopolitical context, which affected the formation of South Korean ideology. The article describes the foreign policy concepts of the Republic of Korea, using the example of ideological course of the administrations of Lee Myung-Bak, Park Geun-hye and Moon Jae-on. The author applies the comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods, as well as content analysis in examination of the texts of documents for determining conceptual grounds of foreign policy. The Russian Korean Studies do not feature comprehensive research on the topic of ideology in the sphere of foreign policy of the Republic of Korea, which defines the scientific novelty of this work. The following conclusions were formulated:
1) Historically, Korea was in a state of foreign policy dependency, which impacted the formation of nationalistic views among the political elite;
2) The peculiarities of development of the Republic of Korea led to the division of political forces into two main groups that vector the foreign policy within the framework of genera paradigm, characterized by nationalistic context and the strive to ensure sustainable development of the country and regional security;
3) The ideological concepts of political groups mark a number of differences in the attitude to the alliance with the United States and interaction with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. However, the implementation of foreign policy strategy of the Republic of Korea depends on a particular situation, thus the ideological course of foreign policy does not always reflect the real government actions. The ideological differences in foreign policy of the rightwing and leftwing forces become more conditional – the pragmatic objectives aimed at preservation of stable relations and balance of forces, as well as maintenance of regional security, come to the forefront.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kolpakov M.Y., Mikheev D.V. —
The cold route to Muscovy: European travelers of the XV – XVII Centuries in the conditions of Russian winter
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 5.
– P. 27 - 56.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.5.35653 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=35653
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Abstract:
The XV – XVII centuries mark the intensification of trade, political and cultural contacts between the European countries and the Russian State. The large territory of the country, geographical peculiarities, road network, trade and political interests required long winter travels from the Europeans. The final data array, which describes the experience of European travelers is comprised of 27 essays and reflects 32 visits or stay in the territory of the Russian State. From the representative range of sources, the author determines the characteristics of winters, assessments of the quality of winter roads, descriptions of clothes and road equipment, main methods of transportation, stories about the peculiarities of winter indoor and outdoor night lodging, common and uncommon methods against cold weather, and methods of treating freeze burns. The subjectivity or objectivity of “winter” testimonies of the foreigners was established in accordance with the climatic characteristics of simultaneous regional winter seasons in the texts of the Russian chronicles. The results of analysis of the natural and climatic conditions in Europe and the Russian State against the background of changes in heliophysical parameters allow asserting that European travelers of the so-called period of “Little Ice Age” came from the region with longer or colder winters. In the European part of the Russian State, abnormal freezing temperatures were marked later and not so longstanding. Over the three centuries of winter travels to Muscovy and trips to the domains of the tsar, the Europeans have adopted the experience and technologies of the local population, as well as developed the original recommendations for foreigners, who desired to live and work in the conditions of the “Russian winter”. A new stage in adaptation of economic activity and everyday life of the population to the impact of cold climate would become possible after the emergence of new types of transport and improvement of communication system in Modern Age.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Tverdyukova E.D. —
Deputy corps of district soviets of Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War: staff composition and activity
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2021. – ¹ 11.
– P. 72 - 81.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.11.36836 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=36836
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the deputy corps of district soviets of Leningrad, while the subject is the quantitative and qualitative changes in its staff composition and activity of the deputies during the Great Patriotic War. Despite the fact that during the wartime, the responsibilities of local self-government were taken on by the executive committees of district soviets, the examination of everyday activity of the deputies is important for understanding the situation in the besieged society. The study relies on the record keeping and statistical materials from the funds of St. Petersburg State Central Archive, many of which have not been previously introduced to the scientific discourse; as well as published sources. For the first time in historiography, analysis is conducted on the staff composition of the deputy corps of district soviets and its changes during the wartime using the quantitative methods. It is established that majority of the deputies had poor economic and administrative experience, as they worked at production sites. After evacuation, conscription into the Red Army, work transfer to other regions, population losses, the number of people’s deputies has decreased by more than 2/3 by the end of the war. However, due to the shortage of qualified personnel, the process of nominating them for the senior positions in the executive branch ramped up. Using the historical-comparative and historical-chronological methods, the author determines the stages in the work of district soviets depending on the flip of events in the city: prior to the winter of 1941, the deputies took active part in the economic and political campaigns; in December 1941 – April 1942, their work virtually ceased; later, their main activity lied in single assignments of the district executive committees. The standing committees, in practice were mostly nominal.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kenya I.A. —
Female Charity as a Special Element of Russian Charity in the XIXth - Early XXth Centuries
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2014. – ¹ 5.
– P. 53 - 77.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2014.5.12462 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=12462
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Abstract:
Object of research are motives, features, the main directions of female charity in Russia in XIX - N of the XX centuries. Activity of women's charitable societies is studied on the example of charitable societies of the empress Maria Fiodorovna and activity of society "Ladies' contempt poor" S. S. Shcherbatova. Examples of charity of wives of governors, merchants, businessmen are given. Charity of the countess A.D.Bludova and S.V.Panina is considered. In article it is featured charitable, educational and philanthropic activity of the princess M.K.Tenisheva. Research methods are used: comparative-historical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. Motives of female and man's charity are defined by methods of psychology. Scientific novelty of research consists in identification of valuable installations and synthesis of motives of female charity in Russia in XIX - N of the XX centuries. The difference of motives and manifestations of female and man's charity is revealed. One of conclusions is representation of female charity as self-realization of an inner world of the woman. This conclusion is confirmed with concrete examples of activity of famous philanthropists of S.V.Panina, M. K. Tenisheva, etc.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Smoleev A. —
Crisis of Regional Bodies of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union During Perestroika (the Case Study of the Tambov Region)
// Genesis: Historical research.
– 2015. – ¹ 1.
– P. 59 - 81.
DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.1.13844 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=13844
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Abstract:
The subject of the present research is the Tambov Regional Body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985 - 1991. The object of the research is the social and political activity of Tambov regional strutures of the Communist Party during the above mentioned period. The author examines the social structure and changes in the number of communists of that region. Smoleev describes the main reasons of the crisis of the party and why its influence and positions were weakened at the final stage of perestroika. The author also provides an analysis of confrontations between the regional party government and local informal organizations and later - regional departments of opposing parties. The situation with the regional organization of the Communist Party is viewed in terms of the social and economic situation in the Tambov Region. The research is based on the principles of objectivity, historicism and critical interpreation of sources. The author tries to stay objective when studying the topic. Such a scientific analysis of the activity of Tambov Regional Body of the Communist Party is performed for the first time in the academic literature. The main conclusion of the research is that the crisis of the party was a result of many factors including difficult economic and social situation in the region, contradictions inside the party, growing political reforms eliminating the status of the Communist Party as a ruling party and movement towards parliamentary system and multiplicity of parties. Members of informal social organizations and opposing parties also made a great contribution to that.
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