History of law and state
Reference:
Ivanov P.A.
Assessment of Li Hongzhang's foreign policy from the point of view of the modern political system of the People's Republic of China
// Genesis: Historical research.
2024. ¹ 9.
P. 1-16.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.9.71579 EDN: SLESOL URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=71579
Abstract:
The article is devoted to the analysis of the foreign policy strategy of Li Hongzhang, one of the most prominent Chinese diplomats and political figures of the late 19th century. The article examines the activities of the influential dignitary of the Qing Empire in order to establish the status of the state in the international arena. Criticism of Li Hongzhang is due to his concessions to foreign powers, so his policy is considered inconsistent with the national interests of the country. Despite this, his actions can be regarded as a manifestation of a realistic approach to international relations, which in many ways anticipated the pragmatic foreign policy of Western states. The author analyzes the process of transformation of China's role in international relations, its transition from a backward and semi-colonial country to a leading power in the region and the world. Particular attention in the text is paid to the characteristics of the country's foreign policy from the end of the 20th century to the present day. The article attempts to rethink the diplomatic work of Li Hongzhang through the prism of modern international relations and the foreign policy strategy of the PRC. The article analyzes his political views and key moments in his career, including his role in concluding unequal treaties that had long-term consequences for China. The final part of the article provides a comparative description of the two foreign policies, and describes the influence of the new political elite of the PRC on the country's changed role today. The comparison between Li Hongzhang's traditional diplomatic methods and the strategies used by the modern political elite of the PRC includes the following criteria: protecting national interests, using "soft power", strategic partnership and a multilateral approach to international relations. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the legacy in China's emerging initiatives, such as "One Belt, One Road" (including the "Silk Road Economic Belt" and the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road"). Thus, the author of the article emphasizes the importance of studying the historical context and the role of the individual in it for considering the strategies and courses of the country's foreign policy in the future.
Keywords:
International relations, Unequal treaties, Modernization, Foreign policy, Imperialism, Qing, CPC, PRC, China, Li Hongzhang
History of law and state
Reference:
Portnov A.A.
The policy of Edward IV in the light of English parliamentary legislation
// Genesis: Historical research.
2024. ¹ 9.
P. 17-31.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.9.71634 EDN: ZHAEJH URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=71634
Abstract:
The subject of the study is the policy of the first English king from the York dynasty, Edward IV, primarily economic. The problem of its nature is posed in connection with the discussion on the exact definition of the time of England's transition from feudalism to capitalism and from a class-representative monarchy to an absolute one. Special attention is paid to the goals and activities of the administration of Edward IV in organizing the economic life of the kingdom, the influence of foreign policy on key decisions in the domestic sphere, as well as the results of measures taken in the second half of the XV century to overcome the consequences of the Wars of the Roses (1455–1585). The research is based on the materials of the English parliamentary legislation, as the most impartial source of knowledge about the policy of the royal power. The research is based on the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity and is based on the problem-chronological principle. Analytical, comparative historical and dialectical methods are used in the analysis of historical sources. The main conclusions of this study are that the economic situation of England in the 1460s was not critical, but in the face of defeat in the Hundred Years' War and the dynastic conflict, the government of Edward IV decided to carry out economic reforms aimed at raising the welfare of English producers, merchants and the king himself. Edward IV's economic policy was protectionist in nature and was conditioned, among other things, by a foreign policy factor. All this, coupled with his social transformations, the decrease in the role of parliament and the increase in the powers of the king, which was continued in the absolutism of the Tudors, characterizes him as a monarch of the transition period from the Middle Ages to Modern times, in the economy, in particular, expressed in the transition from feudalism to capitalism.
Keywords:
Edward IV, Capitalism, Feudalism, Wars of the Roses, XV century, The Middle Ages, England, History, Yorkies, The Lancasters
History and historical science
Reference:
Podmoloda K.S., Timonina E.S.
The Yugoslav historiography of the Russian emigration of the first wave
// Genesis: Historical research.
2024. ¹ 9.
P. 32-48.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.9.71610 EDN: VWMXZG URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=71610
Abstract:
The article examines the Yugoslav historiography of the Russian emigration of the first wave. The article highlights several main stages in the history of the study of the phenomenon of the Russian diaspora, identifies the key thematic areas of the work of Yugoslav historians on a given issue, analyzes the main issues related to individual works. The study of this topic allows us to reconstruct the change in attitude to the problems of a certain phenomenon in historical science, depending on political and social transformations. This issue is especially relevant when analyzing scientific and journalistic works within a certain political and regional community. It is important to note a certain specificity of the research literature of Yugoslavia on the history of Russian emigration. The authors of the works considered in the article mainly focused on the problems associated with the stay of Russian emigrants in Yugoslavia, since in the 1920s the kingdom was one of the main centers of emigration. The present study has a scientific novelty, since the works of Yugoslav researchers on the topic of Russian emigration were previously considered only as part of the historiography of the Russian diaspora as a whole. Most of the papers on this topic have been published in the last 30 years. However, the works of the first half and the middle of the 20th century devoted to the problems of the Russian diaspora are of particular historiographical value, since they reflect the transformation of attitudes towards Russian emigration of the first wave of the Government of Yugoslavia and its public. In turn, studies published over the past three decades highlight the vast range of activities of Russian emigration in the 1920s – 1930s. They were written using a large amount of archival data and other sources.
Keywords:
Aleksey Borisovich Arsen’ev, Toma Milenkovich, Zagreb, Novi Sad, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, Russian diaspora, Russian emigration, historiography, Miroslav Yovanovich