Abstract: The subject of the study is the participation of the English small-scale provincial nobility in the events of the Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) and their behavior patterns in the context of a dynastic conflict, using the example of the fate of John Paston from Norfolk County (northeast of England). Special attention is paid to how the relationship between the average nobleman and his neighbors was built, the circle of his acquaintances, the degree of involvement in national politics, personal conflicts and motives. Both the general patterns characteristic of the fate of most representatives of the privileged class of the XV century are considered, as well as the specifics that distinguish the region specifically studied and the personalities of interest to us in comparison with data from other counties (primarily the south-west of England). The main source is the fundamental family archive "Letters of the Pastors", which contains invaluable information on the English history of the period we are interested in. The research is based on the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity and is based on the problem-chronological principle. Analytical, comparative historical and dialectical methods are used in the analysis of historical sources. Due to the fact that the study is built around the biography of a particular person, the events of the epoch we are interested in are considered from the perspective of microhistory. Within the framework of the study, the working hypothesis developed by the author in other articles ("John Trevelyan and the Wars of the Roses", "English provincial Nobility and the Wars of the Roses", "The political struggle of the era of the Wars of the Roses in the light of English parliamentary legislation") on the evolution of the policy of the royal power in relation to the provincial nobility is being tested. At the initial stage of the Wars of the Roses, the Lancastrian party is the first to move to form the ranks of its supporters in the counties, which, using the example of Norfolk, leads to a conflict between John Paston and Lord Molanes, a prominent supporter of the Lancaster dynasty. The fact that Paston did not become an active Yorkist turned into difficulties for him at the next stage, when King Edward IV switched to a policy of reconciliation of warring factions, which is why the nobles, who remained neutral during the conflict, found themselves at enmity with both supporters of the Yorks and former Lancastrians reconciled with the new dynasty.

Keywords: Yorkies, The Lancasters, The letters of the Pastors, Norfolk, Feudalism, XV century, Wars of the Roses, The Middle Ages, England, History

Abstract: The article discusses the issue of the organization of English Protestant migration to continental Europe during the reign of Mary I Tudor. The study is based on the materials of the English immigrant community that formed in Wesel and subsequently settled in Aarau. The aim of the research is to analyze the factors that shaped the course, structure, and nature of English migration, using the Aarau community as a case study. The study is supported by various types of sources, including documents compiled by authorities in Aarau, correspondence between English immigrants and figures of the European evangelical movement, and self-written accounts by the immigrants. The main research methods are methods of social analysis (group analysis, identification of its key parameters) and network analysis (analysis of communication networks). By examining the English immigrant community and the European evangelicals who supported it, the author identifies key individuals who influenced the conditions for emigration. Catherine Willoughby and Richard Bertie played a significant role in the establishment of the community. Thomas Lever, as a community leader, organized the relocation. Heinrich Bullinger and his associates were involved in relations between emigrants and local authorities. Based on the findings of the analysis of the emigration process, the author identified several key factors that contributed to it. These included the social composition of the group (with a predominance of artisans), the religious beliefs of community members, which determined the geography of the migration, inter-сonfessional relations in the area, and active involvement in the organization of migrant movements and accommodation, both by the pastor and prominent figures of the evangelical community.

Keywords: Myles Coverdale, Heinrich Bullinger, emigrant communities, social network, Puritans, Marian exile, evangelical movement, Counter-Reformation, Reformation in England, Thomas Lever

Abstract: In the article, based on the annual reports' data, for the first time an attempt to compile the statistics on the activities of the Odessa branch of the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society (IOPS) was made. The studied structural division of the IOPS was opened on December 19, 1893 and became the second after the Yakut branch of the IOPS (March 21, 1893). Using diagrams, the author of the scientific research clearly showed the dynamics of changes in the quantitative composition of the Odessa branch of the IOPS and the ratio by category of membership in the period from 1896 to 1916, analyzed the financial and economic activities of the branch. The article concludes that the growth in the number of members of the Odessa branch before 1905 was associated with the administrative support and public popularity of representatives of the first generation of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society. The reduction in the number of members was subsequently facilitated by the banal non-payment of membership fees for three or more years, as well as the death of IOPS members, under which its active formation took place. The maximum economic viability of the Odessa branch of the IOPS was achieved by 1901, after which the organization's revenues began to fall. Grain harvests in the grain-growing regions of the Russian Empire, as well as domestic and foreign policy factors (the Russo-Japanese War, the First Russian Revolution, the Balkan Wars, the First World War, the Great Russian Revolution of 1917) contributed to the hard crisis in the Odessa branch. The article is intended for specialists in the field of church history, missiology, the history of public organizations, as well as for a wide range of researchers interested in the issues of Russia's presence in the Holy Land.

Keywords: statistics essay, Palestine, Odessa, pilgrimage, public organization, IOPS, Odessa branch, Orthodox Palestine Society, Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Empire

Abstract: The subject of the study is "Brief notes on the attitude of various Christian churches to the moment", compiled by Metropolitan of the Aleutians and North America, Exarch of the Russian Orthodox Church in North America Veniamin (Fedchenkov) on January 22, 1942. Analyzing their content, the author examines in detail the anti-Soviet activities of Catholics in the United States of America in 1933-1941, directed first against the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and the USSR, and then against the allocation of assistance to the Soviet Union to fight the Nazi invaders. The mentioned document has not yet been put into scientific circulation, although many of the thoughts and considerations of the mentioned church hierarch were used by the government of the USSR to develop its foreign policy course. The methodological basis of this work includes the principles of historicism, consistency and objectivity. The analysis of the "Brief Notes..." by Metropolitan Veniamin (Fedchenkov) in comparison with a wide range of other sources allowed us to build a logical chain of relations between the USSR and the USA in 1933-1941, in which the anti-Soviet activities of the Roman Catholic Church in the USA played a negative role. The study of the "Brief Notes..." by Metropolitan Veniamin (Fedchenkov) made it possible to assess not only the seriousness of the influence of the Catholic Church on the foreign policy of the United States of America and other European countries in 1933-1941 and to better understand the nature of the events that took place after the end of World War II, but also to comprehend the role of the Catholic Church in the political processes taking place in Ukraine today. In the "Brief Notes...", completed by 1942, Metropolitan Veniamin pointed out the religious origins of Ukrainian nationalism, the narratives of which have not changed since the time of the events under consideration. The Patriarchal exarch gave a surprisingly accurate description of the various movements of the Catholic Church in the United States, which, oddly enough, does not lose its relevance in current realities.

Keywords: The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church, The Latin Church, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, USA, the Soviet Union, The United States of America, USSR, Metropolitan Veniamin Fedchenkov, Foreign policy

Abstract: The oldest and most authoritative creative union in the Republic of Khakassia is the Union of Writers. In the 1990s, the system of organizing the economic life of the writers' organization was destroyed, and the work of the association during this period was dictated by the need to preserve the experience of organizational work accumulated in Soviet times, to find new mechanisms for further existence and creative development. The subject of the study is the activity of N.M. Akhpasheva as chairman of the Union of Writers of Khakassia (1992–1998). She was able to maintain the capacity and authority of the creative association. The object of the study is the Union of Writers of Khakassia as a creative association that has a direct impact on the development of culture of the Republic of Khakassia. Special attention is paid in the study to the mechanism of activity of the regional writers' department and the influence of the personality of the chairman, N. M. Akhpasheva, on it. In the process of work, special historical research methods were used: problem-chronological, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-systemic. The narrative method (sometimes called descriptive-narrative) was used for a coherent presentation of documents examined in the archives about the activities of N.M. Akhpasheva and the Writers' Union. For the first time, the paper attempts to analyze the peculiarities of the relationship between the chairman of the Union of Writers of Khakassia N.M. Akhpasheva and colleagues within the creative union, its relationship with the authorities and society of the Republic of Khakassia in the period 1991–2021. The scientific novelty lies in the study of creative guidelines in the most influential creative association of the selected period. The author pays attention to the contribution of the chairman of the creative organization N.M. Akhpasheva to the development of national and regional culture. When analyzing archival documents of this period, the directions of activity are traced, new approaches in organizing the activities of writers are identified, and the conclusion is made about the importance of the role of the creative association and its chairman in the culture of the republic of this period. All this gives us the right to present a general panorama of the activity of the chairman and the creative union, the role of individual representatives in the cultural and historical life of the Republic of Khakassia during the selected period, as well as in clarifying the main forms of activity of the association.

Keywords: Domozhakov, Khakass Writers' Organization, socio-legal changes, Republic of Khakassia, creative union president, Natalia Akhpasheva, writers and poets, creative unions, Khakassia branch, Union of Writers of Khakassia

Abstract: The subject of the study is the activity of the Volgograd (Stalingrad) branch of the All-Union Society for the dissemination of political and scientific knowledge. The object of the research is the scientific atheistic propaganda carried out by the regional branch of the society in the 1940s and 60s. Special attention is paid to the methods used by the society (Q&A evenings, film screenings, literature printing, seminars, etc.). The author pays attention to statistical data (the number of lectures, brochures, etc.) for a deeper analysis of the results of scientific atheistic propaganda. The article indicates the problems that the society faced in the process of propaganda (many believers remained, lectures were sometimes poorly prepared, insufficient pamphlets were printed, etc.). The author also discusses ways to solve the problems presented above. The source base for this study was the archival documents of the Center for Documentation of the Modern History of the Volgograd Region (CDNIVO) and archival documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF). Many regional archival documents have been introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The principles of historicism, subjectivism, and systematic analysis of archival documents were applied in the methodology of the work. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: the regional office, like the entire Znanie society, actively worked to spread scientific atheism, the work was carried out from the first years of the organization's existence. The forms of work with the population were modern and diverse, such as film screenings, individual meetings, question and answer evenings, etc. But despite all the above factors, there were many believers, houses of worship and churches were closed reluctantly and infrequently. In the protocols, you can often see complaints about the quality of the lectures. It can be concluded that scientific atheistic propaganda remained one of the most difficult areas within the work of society. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that such a study has not been conducted before, today, when the religious worldview is actively developing and spreading, it is possible to analyze the reverse process - the spread of scientific atheism, how this work went and why it turned out to be unsuccessful.

Keywords: atheist lecturer, seminar, civil ritual, lecture, propaganda, section, scientific atheism, society Znanie, people's university, church

Abstract: The purpose of the work is to clarify and detail the data of historiographical research on the problems of recruitment and material support of the Kostroma militia as one of the militias of the III district. Among the sources, documents from the collections of the Russian State Military Historical Archive, the Russian State Historical Archive and the State Archive of the Kostroma Region are considered. The documentary data are compared with the texts of the works of K.A. Voensky, V.R. Apukhtin, N.N. Vinogradov and others. An important component of the information sources, which has not been updated to date in historiography, are the mechanisms of recruitment, staffing, calculation of financing and provision of fodder, as well as instructions on accepting money and military property, accepting donations, resolutions on uniforms and equipment of warriors, issues of armament and training of recruits, as well as supply of the Kostroma militia. The documents allow us to establish the course of the discussion about the figures of giving warriors from noble estates and mechanisms for overcoming contradictions. In addition, the archives contain information about the social and everyday problems of the inhabitants of the province in connection with the events of 1812-1814 and ways to solve them. Special attention is paid to the problem of the coincidence of the time of recruitment and recruitment into the militia in 1812-1813 among the burghers of the Kostroma province. The results obtained make it possible to clarify the chronology of the formation of the Kostroma province militia, to detail economic and financial indicators, such as: the size of donations, the burden on various estates when donating money and in kind, the size of salaries and one-time allowances for militia members.

Keywords: Vinogradov, Apukhtin, Voensky, recruitment, Kostroma militia of 1812, Kostroma province, militia districts, people's militia, Patriotic War of 1812, Vinogradova

Abstract: This article provides historical information about the architectural monument characteristic of the Moscow patrimonial (Posadsky) architecture – the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in the village of Batyushkovo, Dmitrovsky district. The author has studied and systematized data on the owners, construction and repair of the church since the XVII century, collected data on local clergy. The research is based on materials from the archive of the Dmitrov Kremlin State Museum-Reserve, the archive of the Shchusev State Museum of Architecture, the archive of the New Jerusalem State Historical and Art Museum, the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts and the Central State Archive of Moscow. The work contains research on the history of the Dmitrov region, studied archival sources: metric books and church records. There is practically no historical information about the state of the church for the period from the XVII to the beginning of the XIX century, and information about the landowners of the village in the second half of the XVIII – early XIX century is sketchy. A valuable contribution to the study is information about the biographies of each of the owners of the village of Batyushkovo: their kind of activity, position in society. The most important aspect is the publication of previously unknown sources: drawings of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in the middle of the XIX century by architect Vasily Dregalov.

Keywords: Dmitrov, cultural heritage, temple, architectural monument, Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, history, local history, Dmitrov County, Batyushkovo, church property

Abstract: The article deals with the problem of the nomination of patrilineal contiguities determined on the basis of genome-wide sequencing of the male sexual Y chromosome. As a result of the detection of irreversible mutations (single nucleotide polymorphisms), it becomes possible to name our distant ancestors using SNP marker indices. Having previously justified the method of "sniping as naming", we have increased the nominative retrospective on the reconstruction of phylogenetic and genealogical lines. Thanks to the use of index names of Y-chromosomal mutations, it was possible to indirectly fill in the proper names of those neighbors who lived earlier in the preserved archival and documentary fund of genealogical sources. We are talking about onomatization as a process of resurrecting the names of ancestors whose genetic traces appeared in our Y chromosomes in the form of snip mutations, in fact attributing a specific male progenitor, who for the first time had an irreversible neutral ONP. The DNA molecule, like a biological document, contains information about our origin hundreds of thousands of years deep, being a genetic cemetery of lucky ancestors. The more human Y chromosomes are sequenced, the more names of proper male ancestors will be reconstructed on the Y-haplodreve. Despite the fact that the nomenclature of SNPs is constantly changing, including due to the synonymization of designations depending on developers and laboratories, the fact of nominative reconstruction of our phylogenetic neighbors through large-scale genome-wide sequencing remains immutable. On the example of the genetic-genealogical (genealogical) reconstruction of the author's patrilineal line, the prospects of a comprehensive (interdisciplinary) study of human patrilineal kinship are shown.

Keywords: haplotree, subclade, SNPs, Y-chromosomal Adam, haplogroup, DNA genealogy, genealogy, mutation, Y chromosome, philogeny

Abstract: The subject of this article is the Old Believer astrological literature, which had previously been practically not studied. For the first time, the article analyzes the previously unexplored book monument "Seal of King Solomon". The author aims to analyze the structure of this book. To achieve this goal, the author solves a number of tasks. First, the author establishes the chronological framework in which the text could have been created, establishes the religious beliefs of the author of the "Seal ...", the reasons for its printing. Secondly, the attitude towards astrology in the Orthodox environment is analyzed. Thirdly, the author identifies the structural components of the text, the parts of which it consists. Fourth, the author of the article seeks to identify texts that were fully or partially included in the "Print ...". To achieve this goal, the author used both general scientific and private scientific methods, including: genetic, hermeneutical, content analysis. Mathematical methods were also used. In the course of studying this text, the author comes to the conclusion that the "Seal ..." was drawn up no earlier than 1862 by an Old Believer. During the analysis, it was concluded that the book consists mainly of a compilation of various sources, including Byzantine and Ancient Russian origin. The uniqueness of this monument lies in the fact that, from the point of view of the development of fortune-telling literature, this work was not relevant at the time of compilation. The Old Believer origin of this monument also makes it unique, since it was not previously known about the astrology of the Old Believers. It was concluded that the "Seal ..." consists of six independent parts. The first part literally borrows the text of "The Legend of King Solomon, what is the great seal and where and how it came to him." The second is represented by a separate part of the "Gromnik". The third focused on a single source, including the writings of Kirik Novgorodsky, Palea Tolstoy, seven thousand books and a certain moral text. The fourth part is the result of a creative attempt to combine events of various meanings under a single denominator "all creatures of renewal". The fifth part includes the "Moonlight". The sixth or final part is textually closest to the first.

Keywords: Palea is sensible, Gromnik, The Seal of King Solomon, Old Believers, Moonlight, fortune-telling, bookishness, astrology, okrujnikom, orthodoxy