Abstract: The article clarifies the concepts of technique and technology and introduces the concept of "technical environment". The author, based on his research, points to two lines of technology development: one uses the effects of the first nature and technical art, the second uses the effects of the second nature (collective activity and sociality) and technical art. Engineering is formed in the first line, technology in the second. The question is raised about the essence of ideas about the technical environment, which N. Berdyaev and M. Heidegger began to discuss. The author problematizes the concept of nature and tries to show that under certain conditions, analyzing the second nature, it is also possible to talk about laws. В  Discussing the concept of "technical environment", he turns to the analysis of two cases. The first presents the reconstruction of the formation of the ancient Egyptian pyramids, the second presents the development of electrical engineering. In both cases, we are talking about the formation of technology and the technical environment under the influence of not so much practical needs as the pressure of semiotic and cultural ideas. The author concludes that the space in which the main hypostases of technology converge and interact (technology as engineering and technology, as a technoprime, as an environment, as a field of activity) is due to the peculiarities of the first and second nature, while the development is the essence of technology, and it goes both under the influence of external factors and internal. One of the important conditions for the development of technology is the formation of meaning, which is associated with natural science research, engineering, technology, as well as social needs and requirements.

Keywords: activity, nature, sociality, culture, development, technical environment, engineering, technology, technic, meaning formation

Abstract: Article continues the consideration of the Theory of Ambivalent Generalization in the annex to biological populations begun in article: Apartsev O. R. Information approach in biodynamics//NB: Philosophical researches. 2014. No. 2.Reduction of external properties of any live object to the description abstract attributive information allowed to receive rather easy interpretation of the basic intra population processes operating in quasi-continuous and quasi-uniform population that led to creation of the Theory of Ambivalent Generalization. The offered theory provides new tools for research of any objects of the population nature, however in article only biological populations are exposed to consideration.Thus the purpose of article isn't consideration of questions of biology which are only the base for use of tools. The main direction of research is directed on application of the creative analysis based on the Theory of Generalization for revision of the philosophical and world outlook problems connected with gnoseological kontradiktion of existence of live objects and their developments. The methodology of research is under construction on research of quite certain and complete model of ambipolyarny generalization in the annex to concrete interpretations of real biological systems.All considered information carriers are considered only as material objects in any manifestations that is meant also when carrying out the abstract analysis of the arising tasks. In work simplicity of attributive model representation for many and population biological systems is approved.  The elementary theory of a virusobrazovaniye which is based on the theory of a creditization – one of fundamental parts of the theory of generalization develops. The analysis of attributive functions of virus populations leads to a conclusion about their full compliance of the Darvinian theory of natural selection, moreover – the highest point of development for any possible populations movable according to the Darvinian theory.As a world outlook problem emergence of an essential contradiction of dialectic character between the principle of maximizing a resources consumption populations following from the theory of generalization and a cornerstone of modern natural sciences – the principle of the smallest action moves forward. More detailed consideration of mechanisms of generalization for separate population, led to establishment of abstract equivalence of models of generalizatsionny modification of population and the optical quantum generator (laser) that allowed to offer the materialistic theory of development of a passionarity in populations. Development of population in space of resources, when imposing casual processes of dissipation of attributes, passing under control of generalization process, leads to unique attributive fixing of history of population. It is the cause for introduction to a concept turn: "an unikalization of attributes of population" which means emergence and fixing of uniqueness of any population eventually as the law inherent in all populations.Research of mechanisms of an unikalization for any population, leads to conclusions about basic impossibility of extrapolation of coordinates of population in time. However interpolation, on condition of continuous submission of objects of the theory of generalization, is quite feasible.  Consideration of intra population information processes through a generalization prism, allows to break all space of data carriers, rather certain population, into three subspaces: meta-biotic, attributive and sub-biotic. Thus axiomatically is accepted that development of new information carriers happens through their inclusion in attributive processes in the beginning, and then there is them "a secondary development", as intra population alarm processes. The offered information model, actually, is knowledge model world around populations with assimilation of new information carriers. The theory of generalization with extraordinary ease consider "trade of the Creator" whoever he was. Thus the model is absolutely indifferent rather moral estimates of actions of "Creator". To unexpected conclusions I provided the comparative analysis of the term "destiny", in application to a certain subject, and consideration of one-object impact of ambivalent generalization. Trigger functions of ascertaining of coincidence of functional requirements and external conditions, for the above concepts, were identical that, apparently, allows to speak about the theory of generalization, as about local abstract expression of the law "destinies" for any object in any population.

Abstract: In article the philosophical problem of existence of Life in the form of the live objects united in populations is investigated. The approach, allowing consideration of a problem of such complexity, is the datalogical description of population processes based on abstract representation of objects with an identification of concrete object and a set of its individual qualities, and also taking note of the dissipation expressed in a logical look. Basic refusal of consideration of the internal device of live objects allows to universalize the theory and to make far-reaching generalizations. The main research method is the sophistical studying of objects which is based on:- The Ekstravertny analysis, allowing creation of elements of abstract models, proceeding only from external manifestations of real objects;- The axiomatic declaration, i.e. use of hypothetical objects without proofs of existence of their real prototypes;- The mental experiment which is carrying out the deduktsionny analysis of model processes and their comparison with the real;- Logical analysis, as instrument of establishment of relationships of cause and effect and generation of conclusions.Materialistic justification of equivalence of the physical and chemical processes accompanying processes of Life, and the datalogical model describing exchange interactions in abstract population is presented. Efficiency of the description of intra population interaction by means of certain exchange particles is shown. The reasons of a low obnaruzhimost of real exchange particles in biological populations are discussed. Assumptions of the reasons of origin of these particles in wildlife are made.Research of interaction of biological objects among themselves and the environment, expressed in information representation, proves emergence of collective intra population mechanisms of extensive and intensive development of any population. Quite system explanation of the Phenomenon of emergence of floors became unexpected result heuristic, but.Perhaps, the main result of research was finding of the general regularity of development of any populations, the Theory which have received the name of Ambivalent Generalization. The analysis based on the Theory of Ambivalent Generalization, allows to explain many phenomena which are beyond (Darvinian) Theory of Natural Selection, besides, that the Theory of Natural Selection, actually, is part of the offered theory.To extraordinary consequences of application of the Theory of Generalization, it is necessary to carry the Law of Maximizing Resource Consumption for any population. Information approach allows to create basis for the analytical description of dynamics of population. In the elementary case this task is reduced to consideration of interaction of Two-level Information Processes. Results of work consist not only in creation of model of development of biological populations, but also transformations of the existing world outlook doctrines connected with existence and development of Life can promote.

Keywords: biodynamics, biotic, cred, modeling of biological objects, extravert analysis, translation, conversion, creditization, ambivalent generalization, origin of life

Abstract: This article explores 'anthropogeocosmism', a concept proposed by the author. This concept emanates from the fact that the main purpose of space activity in the short term has been the historical use of space to solve global problems while in the long term it is the socio-natural transition to the sustainable development of the planet. Using a global approach, the article considers the origins and formation of a new direction in globalization, exploring the relationship bewteen global and cosmic factors, the impact of the latter on the development of global processes and systems, the problems that the development of space exploration have caused the planet, and the escalation of global processes into non-terrestrial processes. The focus is on the relationship between space and planetary processes, the transformation of the global response to cosmic activities (and their interaction), and global development in the cosmic evolution. The article takes the position that global studies examine global processes and systems, being the natural, social and socio-natural processes unfolding on the Earth which have evolutionary significance. It is shown that global processes and issues affecting the world at large are to some extent a manifestation of a contradictory global-cosmic character associated with the expansion of spatial boundaries of human activity, including the conquest of space. Special attention is paid to potential global catastrophes and the need for geocosmic security. The article looks at the possibility of the introducing natural processes into the substantive field of cosmoglobalistics, the prospects for developing global-cosmic exoplanet research, as well as a 'global methodology' for extraterrestrial intelligence research. Also considered is the discovery of dark matter that gives rise to a substantial transformational attitude and stimulates the formation of global-cosmological research, which will consider mainly the global characteristics of matter, manifested in three main fragments of the Universe.

Keywords: anthropocosmism, extraterrestrial intelligence, geocosmic security, globalism, globalistics, global catastrophes, global research, cosmoglobalism, dark matter, exoplanets