Abstract: The object of this research is the processes associates with the reformatting the worldview and spiritual situation and establishment of the new philosophical groups in post-Soviet thoughts during the late 1990’s and first decade of the XXI century. The subject of this work is the informal philosophical groups in post-Soviet Russia, their forming institutions, and history of relationship with the other intellectual groups. The author notices the roots of these newly established groups in the archetypical opposition between the Slavophiles and Westerners, examining the current worldview collisions as reproduction of this traditional to Russia conflict. The methodology of this research is based on the approach, according to which the network structure of the relationship between intellectual defines the generally meaningful space of intellectual attention that is divided into several competitive positions. The main results of this work consist in the following: Description of the characterological reactions of intellectual upon the destruction of foundations of the previous discourse; Brief description of history, theoretical peculiarities, composition, and institutional presentation of the six intellectual directions: phenomenology, postmodernism, neo-Marxism, gnoseology, analytics, and contextualists; Characteristic of their stylistic specificities of self-expression and historical-philosophical roots; Characteristic of turning points in communication of these groups with other similar institutions.

Keywords: epistemologists, postmodernism, neo-Marxism, phenomenology, Russian discourse, network approach, informal communication, post-Soviet philosophy, philosophers of science, analytical philosophers

Abstract: The object of this research is the artistic heritage of N. Y. Danilevsky; the subject is his concept on the cultural-historical types and its impact upon the development of Russian in the modern conditions of global crisis. The author thoroughly examines the status of human society at the present stage of development, as well as provides the views of the Western researchers A. Toffler and F. Fukuyama, Russian thinkers M. A. Bakunin, A. A. Zinoviev, V. V. Ilyin, and A. G. Dugin, who confirm the major conclusion of the author about the crisis state of our civilization. The article presents the causes of crisis: principle of universalism that substantiates the main path of mankind; ideas of liberalism inculcated by the Western leaders; consequences of the Scientific Revolutions, which were not considered by the ruling elites. The author demonstrates of the role of such phenomenon as “Europeanization” named by Danilevsky as social disease, which forces our country to hold the position of Rearguard, permanently pursuing the advanced countries. In resolution of the question of attaining its own state ideology by Russia, which reflects the country’s national interests, the paradigm of N. Y. Danilevsky can play a big role. The concept of the cultural-historical types is based on the historical experience of Russia-Europe relations, as well as gives opportunity for establishment of the new relations between not only Slavic people, but also nations of other continents. The aforementioned concept, representing the alternative to universalism, gives a new impulse towards the search of other options of world structure and world order.

Keywords: patriotism, cultural-historical type, istoriosophy, monopolism, concept, social crisis, Westernism, liberal model, national ideology, Slavophiles

Abstract: Concept of the people, its role and value of concepts of social development of the largest representatives of narodniks' tradition - A. I. Herzen, M.A.Bakunin, P. L. Lavrov, P. N. Tkachyov. Theoretical justification of the leading role of the Slavic people by Herzen, the Russian people in the history is investigated. The problem of ability of the people at the level of an instinct or at the level of rationality to formation and realization of a public ideal is analyzed.The problem of possibility of educational activity, problem of introduction into the people of rational values is investigated. The following problem is analyzed: people and educated minority, people and revolutionary minority. The influence of Narodniks' definition of 'people' on the Soviet ideology and the modern society is analyzed. This article relies on the principle of historicism, the principle of unity of the historical and logical.The method of the historical and comparative analysis, typological and dialectic methods is used. The historical and comparative analysis of concept of the people is made, evolution of this concept of historical prospect is opened. The conclusion that the concept the people within narodnichesky ideology made the most various sense is drawn: from investment with its certain aprioristic, metaphysical, instinctive qualities and abilities, to a complete negation of any abilities to social activity. The conclusion that narodnichesky approaches to concept the people entered the Soviet ideology in peculiar interpreted look is drawn and safely existed in the Soviet society.

Keywords: Narodniks (movement), people and truth, moral truth of people, science and life, critically thinking person, education, people and state, people and intelligentsia, ideology and people, people as a substance

Abstract: The work "Semiramis" was regarded by the Slavophile A.S. Homyakov as a study of global history from anti-Eurocentrist position. Its first part, which was actually entitled "Semiramis" was devoted to the prehistoric ancient times, and it was meant as a volumnous preface to the second part, which was devoted to the history of Slavicism. Due to the lack of empiric data the myphical history has always been a fruitful field for the historical and philosophical speculations and conspiracy theories.  For example, Homyakov divides the entire humanity into two "races", which are the agents of spiritual principles acting through them: Iranian (Aryan) and Cushitic ones. By this dichotomy Homyakov continues the tradition of German romanticism, which was once expressed by distinction between the Apollo and Dionysos forces made by      Nietzsche. Before that F.Schlegel has divided the humanity into the two races - Cainites reflecting the will of the flesh, and Sephites representing divine will. Hegel introduced the antinomy of Iranian principle of light and the Egyptian principle of secret.  Later there appeared occult and esoteric concepts of E. Blavatskaya on the 7 root races of the world; the Alexandre Saint-Yves d'Alveydre on synarchy and anarchy; Claude-Sosthene Grasset d'Orse made a division into quart and quint. These typologies may be considered more than just occult theories, they were the predecessors of systems of various psychological types. While for a historical scholar, politician or a journalist the wish to find out the hidden nature of the processes may lead to extremities of conspiracy theories, which forms new myths instead of having explanatory and prognostic functions,  for a philosopher of history and culture this is a creative advantages. The principles of Iranism and Cushism introduced by Homyakov serve as an axis for the global history, allowing to cast light upon the local cultures within the global context, which makes compression of the volumnous materials of "Semiramis" easier.

Keywords: reality, sign, symbol, esoteric historiosophy, phylosophical metaphysics, conspiracy theory, the Iranians, the Cushites, truth, idea

Abstract: The author of the article emphasizes the need for rational forms of researching the integration of Russian personality, his existence among others and social communication and introduction of spatial, temporal, historical and socio-cultural parameters into epistemology of social and humanitarian sciences.  Russian personality is viewed as the developing system consisting of many levels. Such diversity of Russian personality shows itself in diverse forms of activities. The theme of the phenomenon of Russian personality in terms of its development, historical dynamics, presentation of all his essential qualities is wide, profound and nearly ever-ending especially taking into account the vast territory of Russia and peculiarities of Russian geography, climate and their influence on Russian personality, personal qualities of Russian leaders, dominating ethnic features, ethnic identity, ethnic psychology and many other factors.  Russian personality can be also viewed from the point of view of different philosophical approaches such as philosophical anthropology, synergetic antropology, comparative philosophy, religious philosophy and others. Special attention is now paid to the relation between philosophical anthropology and social philosophy and design of their new configuration in modern humanities. Special emphasis will be made on forms of expression of human nature in cultural anthropology and human ecology in terms of the anthropological shift of modern times, socio-cultural problems and sociology of history. 

Keywords: anthroposocial reality, Russian personality, synergy, consciousness, classification of types, phenomenology