Abstract: This article analyzes the image of women in Shahnameh by Ferdowsi and the Nart Epic, which, imbued with the culture, beliefs, and worldview of the Iranian and Ossetian peoples, are not only narratives of wars and heroic bravery but also reflections of societal consciousness. These works present female characters who occupy a central role, embodying profound contradictions: they are portrayed as celestial beings worthy of reverence or as symbols of sin and exile. Women in these epics are not merely lovers and mothers but also strong-willed individuals whose actions drive the plot and shape its dramatic tension. The study aims to examine the distinctive depiction of women in both epics. Female characters display wisdom, nobility, and virtue, and their high social status—often linked to aristocratic or heroic lineage—affords them respect and influence. Figures such as wives, sisters, and mothers of heroes are portrayed as educators and supporters, highlighting their pivotal roles in the narrative structure. Although constrained by limited rights and subject to male authority—an aspect that might invite modern critique—this portrayal reflects the patriarchal norms of the era. The image of women as passive participants or objects of male pleasure arises from entrenched cultural traditions. However, many female characters transcend these limitations, demonstrating remarkable strength of character and moral integrity. In conclusion, Shahnameh and the Nart Epic portray complex and multifaceted female figures whose significance profoundly shapes the narrative. These epics thus offer rich material for exploring social and cultural history. In both works, women are not merely figures in the shadows of heroes but independent worlds, embodying the music of destiny and the voice of history. Their stories, which balance contradiction and grandeur, remain enduring symbols of memory and the splendor of the past.

Keywords: comparative analysis, the consciousness of the Ossetian society, images, the consciousness of the Iranian society, social values, negative, positive, woman, Ossetian Nart epic, Shahnameh

Abstract: The subject of the study is the features of the artistic style in the works of P. A. Oiunsky. The object of the research is the writer's stories "The Fox and the Badger," "The Argument," "Is it Reality or a Dream?!," "How a Yakut Transformed into an Evil Spirit." The author examines the stylistic features of the texts in detail. The work presents an analysis of the stylistic techniques used by the writer. The aim of the research is to identify the characteristics of the author's style in P. Oiunsky's works. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were addressed: to identify the details of the author's style; to determine the main artistic techniques. Attention is focused on the details of the author's intent: the creation of traditional images and their functioning; interpretations and transformations of folklore motifs that become fundamental to the entire plot and the work as a whole. Special attention is paid to the influence of folklore traditions on the writer's creative method, which continues both traditional and innovative techniques. The methodological aspects of the problem of the interaction between literature and folklore consist of the works of A. N. Veselovsky, U. B. Dalgat, V. Ya. Propp, V. A. Semenov, V. B. Okorokova, and Yu. G. Khazankovich. Descriptive method, observation method, and stylistic analysis method were applied to identify the stylistic specifics and to generalize the results of the research on P. Oiunsky's works. The traditions of oral folk creativity are an "organic component" of the artistic world of the Yakut writer P. A. Oiunsky in the early 20th century. The main conclusions of the conducted research are: the use of techniques of oral folk creativity, Yakut heroic epic olonkho (proverbs, linguistic repetitions, constant epithets, etc.); the application and adaptation of plots from fairy tales, fairy tale elements; the use of techniques characteristic of oral folk creativity – such as grotesque, fantasy, satire, and allegory. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that this study for the first time identifies and describes the features of the artistic style in P. Oiunsky's stories. The work reveals the influence of folklore on the disclosure of the author's intention. P. Oiunsky's stories present a holistic traditional worldview of the Yakut people in the early 20th century.

Keywords: author's style, stylistic technique, stylistic devices, artistic text, reworking of the plot, borrowing, fairy tale, story, folklore, characters

Abstract: The subject of the study is the structural, species features of the creolized text of video advertising based on the transformation of plots of Russian literature ("Dowry", "Mumu") and their interpretation in the context of modern economic realities. The object of the study is the creolized text in the bank's commercials from the cycle: "VTB is a classic!" The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the transformation of the source code in the creolized text, emphasize its importance as a means of multimodal transmission of information that enhances the emotional and cognitive impact on the audience. Particular attention is paid to the analysis and methods of interaction of semiotic signs (based on the second trichotomy of Charles Pierce: iconic sign and symbol) within the creolized text. Their contribution to the structure and general understanding of the advertising message is emphasized. Research methods include: semiotic analysis, content analysis, systematically studying the content of the selected advertising videos, identifying typological, iconic, visual components; cultural analysis, which studies the integration of Russian literary plots into advertising, their impact on the audience; multimodal analysis, which considers the interaction of textual and audiovisual elements to build multilayered messages. The main conclusions of the study are the proof of the identity of the concepts of creolized and polycode text due to the integration of various media formats (linguistic, audiovisual), which makes it universal in transmitting multilayered messages, and allows it to be effectively used for advertising and communication purposes. This combination creates a message with several hidden layers, which enhances the emotional impact of advertising and makes it more convincing. A special contribution of the authors to the research of the topic is the highlighting of the two-dimensionality of the composition in the videos ("Dowry", "Mumu"), which forms culturally relevant associations with the brand. Accordingly, the use of plots from Russian classics in video advertising increases the degree of audience trust in the company. The novelty of the study lies in identifying semiotic links within the creolized text, creating on their basis an advertising space in which the transformation of iconic and symbolic signs occurs, which has not been studied before. The interaction of the original plot with modernity within semiotic links forms complex, fascinating narratives, increasing interest in advertising and creating a more attractive image of the bank in the eyes of the consumer.

Keywords: semiotic connections, iconic sign, symbol, advertising, promotional video, polycode text, creolized text, ambiguity, creolization, semiotics

Abstract: The article is dedicated to decoding the subtext in the Chinese folk tale "How the Old Man Decided to Move the Mountain," describing the duality of the tale: the explicit and implicit layers. Special attention is paid to the symbolism of the tale and its metaphorization. The object of the study is the stylistics of decoding as a method of interpreting a literary text based on a nationally oriented methodology in Russian as a foreign language classes. The subject of the research is the category of implicitness as hidden semantics in the Chinese folk tale. The author has chosen the semantic-stylistic method of analysis. The household tale "How the Old Man Decided to Move the Mountain" is considered an effective educational didactic material in Russian language classes as a foreign language. Methodological recommendations are provided to promote engaging and effective learning of the Russian language using a nationally oriented methodology. The study is based on analytical, descriptive, and semantic-stylistic methods. The analysis is built on the principles of historicism and taking into account the national culture in which the text was created. The relevance of the theme raised in the article is due to the fact that the stylistics of decoding as a method of interpreting a literary text is currently of great importance, especially in classes of Russian language using a nationally oriented methodology. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time a philological analysis of the Chinese folk tale "How the Old Man Decided to Move the Mountain" has been carried out for the purpose of its application in educational contexts at the mid B1 I certification level. The analysis integrates with the methodology of guided reading aimed at a qualitative perception and understanding of the text at all its levels. Decoding the implicit layer of the text leads to the conclusion that in this ancient Chinese tale is embodied the dream of the common people about scientific and technological progress, about the possibility of overcoming powerful nature, and that human perseverance and labor can move mountains. The tale is metaphorically condensed to a phraseological expression and a precedent statement that contains two opposing meanings: "Yugong moved the mountains" and "The foolish old man moves the mountains," since variations of the tale with different subtexts can be found in Chinese folklore: moving mountains - boldly and commendably, moving mountains - foolishly and in vain.

Keywords: nationally oriented approach, symbolism, phraseological units, metaphorization, exploratory reading, folklore, Chinese folk tale, subtext, decoding, implicit layer

Abstract: The object of the study is the psycholinguistic factors of using the base forms of nouns in the Russian speech of Chinese language speakers. For the first time, an analysis is undertaken of the functioning of the nominative singular forms in various grammatical meanings in the speech of Chinese language speakers against the background of similar errors made by monolingual Russian-speaking children in the early stages of ontogenesis. The author proposes a formal classification of the substitution of forms of various cases for the nominative case, examines the persistence of such violations depending on whether the case form performs structural and semantic functions, analyzes the dependence of erroneous choices on the grammatical meaning of the form, and discusses types of object and subject meanings in which the base forms appear in the speech of Chinese language speakers and Russian-speaking children. The material is extracted through a random sampling method from written assignments of students at the China University of Petroleum (Qingdao) and St. Petersburg University, as well as from the "Russian Language Corpus of HSE RLC" (144 forms). The analysis employs descriptive, comparative, and error analysis methods. It concludes that in the written speech of Chinese students, forms that coincide with the base ones are used instead of forms of all cases, including in prepositional-case constructions. Some errors are linked to grammatical overgeneralization, manifested in the occasional formation of genitive plural forms and accusative singular and plural forms of animate and inanimate nouns. A significant contribution is considered to be the identification of error causes common to children and non-native speakers: difficulties in mastering the structural meanings of grammatical forms in quantitative-nominal and negative constructions, and the gradual development in the interlanguage of the individual of ways to express various shades of subjective (subject of state, joint action, or possession) and objective meanings (object-debilitative, mediative, etc.). The novelty of the research lies in identifying the mechanisms of simplification of the grammatical system of the foreign language being acquired, which involves simplified structuring of constructions with the meanings of cause and purpose, mixing of control forms with synonymous verbs, and indistinction of locative and directive meanings. The results obtained can be used to refine the understanding of strategies for mastering both native and foreign languages, as well as in developing teaching methodologies for the Russian language for Chinese language speakers.

Keywords: case value, prepositional-case construction, Russian as a foreign language, speech errors, ontolinguistics, language acquisition, frozen form, interlingual interference, grammatical supergeneralization, simplification

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the study of transformed phraseological units in English and Russian advertising texts. Researchers pay particular attention to the role of phraseological units as language units capable of influencing consumers and their desire to purchase products. In this work the author discusses such notions as phraseological unit and advertising text. Special attention is paid to the term of transformed phraseological unit which refers to the intentional modification of a phraseological unit to enhance the expressiveness and vividness of advertising texts. During the analysis the following types of transformation of phraseological units in advertising texts are identified: substitution, embedding, expansion, and truncation. The material for the study include 100 phraseological units selected from advertisements of hygiene products, cosmetics, sweets and tourist services. The research methodology is based on the works of the following scholars: 1) L. V. Voronina, L. G. Feschenko, and T. V. Akimova concerning the features and functions of advertising texts; 2) A. V. Kunin, T. V. Akimova, N. P. Soboleva and E. V. Kulikova regarding the definition of phraseological units and their structural and semantic changes. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the analysis of various methods of transforming phraseological units used in advertising texts in English and Russian. In English and Russian advertising texts phraseological units with various transformations are frequently used; they add emotionality, effectiveness and brightness to the advertisements. Transformed phraseological units help producers attract customers' attention, as the phraseological units themselves are recognizable and understandable. With certain changes they emphasize the uniqueness of a specific product or service. During the analysis of English and Russian advertising texts containing phraseological units we identified the following common transformations of phraseological units: substitution, embedding, expansion, and truncation. Transformed phraseological units in advertising texts can exert emotional influence on people due to their recognizability and closeness to the culture of a particular nation.

Keywords: figurativeness, linguistic means, truncation, expansion, embedding, substitution, transformation, advertising slogan, advertising text, phraseological unit

Abstract: The article presents a linguocultural analysis of the connotative meanings of ergonyms in St. Petersburg, particularly the names of restaurants and cafes. The subject of the study is the connotative meanings of ergonyms in St. Petersburg. The object consists of 800 names of restaurants and cafes in the city of St. Petersburg, selected through a continuous sampling method from open internet sources. The purpose of the study is to identify the connotative meanings in the names of restaurants in St. Petersburg from the perspective of linguoculturology. The research is aimed at analyzing how ergonyms reflect the cultural, historical, and social aspects of the city, as well as their role in shaping identities in the context of globalization. The material for the study consisted of the names of 800 restaurants and cafes in St. Petersburg, collected from internet resources. The following methods were applied: descriptive method, continuous sampling method for collecting ergonyms, classificatory analysis to highlight 5 categories of connotative meanings, quantitative counts, and linguocultural interpretation of the connotative meanings of ergonyms. The scientific novelty lies in the systematic analysis of the connotative meanings of ergonyms as a key element of the linguistic picture of the city of St. Petersburg, revealing the connection between nomination, cultural memory, and contemporary sociocultural processes. For the first time, a detailed interpretation of the connotative meanings of ergonyms in St. Petersburg was conducted across five categories. The results showed that the largest category was "Globalization and Intercultural Synthesis" (289 instances), reflecting the adaptation of borrowed elements to the local culture. The category "Gastronomic Pragmatics and Specificity" (183 instances) minimizes cognitive load. The categories "Historical and Cultural References," "Contemporary Cultural Trends and Social Identity," and "Natural Images and Regional Features" are represented in similar numbers (119, 116, and 93 instances respectively). The study confirms that the ergonyms of St. Petersburg shape the "linguistic map" of the city, activating historical, cultural, natural, and gastronomic aspects.

Keywords: Linguoculturology, linguocultural analysis, urbanonymy, cultural connotations, Connotation, connotative meanings, restaurant names, commercial names, ergonym, Saint Petersburg

Abstract: The translinguistic research paradigm contributes to the study of specific aspects of social interaction among multilingual language users. The multimodal and multisensory nature of language is manifested in language varieties including geographical, social, age or gender varieties. Human beings in the process of language contacts are very conscious of the relationship between race, nation and community on the one hand and language on the other, and the discrepancies between boundaries in linguistic structural terms and in socio-cultural and ideological terms. The object of the study is anglicisms used by the students of Don State Technical University in the media space from the point of view of highlighting their lexico-semantic characteristics and functioning. The aim of the research is to study the main trends in the use of anglicisms by students in social student networks. On the basis of the conducted online survey of 360 students of DSTU we tested hypotheses about the reasons and main trends in the use of anglicisms, the influence of students' specialization on their use in speech. The respondents' answers were divided into the following categories: 1) the most frequent anglicisms; 2) meanings of words; 3) spheres of application; 4) violation of the linguistic norm; 5) reasons for their usage; 6) prospects. We collected both quantitative and qualitative data, including surveys and observations. The results of the research indicate the tendency of frequent usage of direct borrowings and calques from English related to the sphere of “Internet” usage. Multilingual learners freely incorporate Anglicisms into their speech to overcome differences, discrepancies, inconsistencies and ambiguities in communication, manipulating them for strategic benefits when necessary. The use of anglicisms in the speech of the youth does not depend on their belonging to a professional community, with the exception of jargon and professional slang.

Keywords: translinguistic research, runglish, calques, direct borrowing, student community, contact linguistics, social networks, anglicisms, media space, youth

Abstract: The subject of the research is the portrayal of women in war in 19th-century Russian literature. The objects of the research are female characters in the works of L.N. Tolstoy, A.S. Pushkin, F.M. Dostoevsky, and N.V. Gogol. The author examines various aspects of the topic, such as the multifaceted roles of women, their symbolic significance, and the impact of war on their social status and value systems. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of female images in the context of military conflicts, their transformation from traditional keepers of the hearth to active participants in historical events. This article analyzes the portrayal of women in war in 19th-century Russian literature, exploring the multifaceted roles of female characters and their symbolic significance during times of upheaval. The study employs methods of comparative analysis, psychological and symbolic approaches. The author uses historical and cultural context to interpret female images in war. The research reveals that women in war are not only keepers of the hearth but also courageous, independent individuals embodying the national spirit. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive analysis of female images in war, which allows us to identify their role not only as secondary characters but also as symbols of national spirit and historical memory. The study emphasizes that female characters become an important part of the national historical narrative, symbolizing resilience, sacrifice, and moral strength in the face of wartime upheavals. The analysis helps to understand the evolution of societal perceptions of women in the 19th century, their awareness of their own identity, and the impact of war on their social status and value systems. Women in war are not only supporters of men but also an essential part of national memory and historical narrative.

Keywords: symbolic significance, psychological analysis, social status, tragedy, national spirit, self-identification, female image, war, Russian literature, XIX century

Abstract: The article is dedicated to the contribution of Argentine philologist Emilio Carilla in the systematization of baroque concepts in Latin America: it examines the influence of the Dominican cultural scholar Pedro Enriquez Ureña on him, as well as Carilla's perception of the emerging baroque theories in Latin America, through which their authors clarified the specificity of the Latin American world. Between the publication of Carilla's work "Baroque Literature and the Colonial Environment" (1969) and his next book, only three years passed, but during this time the very field of representations of baroque in Latin America radically changed. While in his first book Carilla attempted to build a system of representations of Latin American baroque, starting from the baroque as a historical style, just three years later, considering the growing popularity of baroque concepts that interpreted baroque as a timeless aesthetic phenomenon, such systematization seemed incomplete. In his book "Baroque Literature in Latin America" (1972), the Argentine scholar divided Latin American authors associated with baroque aesthetics into two conditional groups: the first included writers who perceived baroque as a local phenomenon linked to the colonial period, while the second consisted of those who saw baroque as a special, timeless phenomenon that played a key role in the cultural formation of Latin America. In writing this article, the author based the work on the use of cultural-historical and comparative methods. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the analysis of the works of the little-known Argentine literary critic Emilia Carilla in the context of the growing interest in ideas related to the reinterpretation of representations of baroque phenomena in the history of literature. The novelty of Carilla's approach was that in his works related to baroque, he attempted to develop the views of his teacher Pedro Enriquez Ureña and connect them with baroque theories that considered baroque as the foundational basis for the cultural formation of Latin America. Based on Carilla's works, conclusions can be drawn about the great diversity of approaches to the problem of baroque in Latin America. The value of Carilla's works also lies in the fact that, not being an apologist for any baroque theory, he sought to provide a detailed overview of them.

Keywords: a universal phenomenon, The colonial period, The New World, Latin American literature, periodisation of baroque concepts, A. Carpentier, J. Lesama Lima, Emilio Carilla, P. Enriquez Ureña, ideas about the Baroque

Abstract: In the works of Viktor Pelevin, Japanese characters commit suicide under the influence of a unique Japanese aesthetics of death, where death symbolizes beauty and honor. The formation of this idea about death is closely related to the spirit of Bushido, the philosophy of Zen Buddhism, and Japanese aesthetics. This article examines the role of the aesthetics of death in the artistic world of Pelevin based on an analysis of plots in which the protagonist dies. The materials of the study are the works of Viktor Pelevin that are directly related to the Japanese aesthetics of death: "Chapayev and Void" (1996), "A Guest at the Bon Festival" (part of the book "DPP (HH)", 2003), and "Duel" (part of the book "Transhumanism Inc.", 2021). The subject of the research is the Japanese motifs of death in the writer's prose. The study employed intertextual and comparative analysis methods to identify philosophical subtexts and their sources. The scientific novelty of this research lies, firstly, in the detailed examination of the deaths of Pelevin's Japanese characters and their motives. Secondly, the Japanese aesthetics of death in the selected materials had not been fully revealed, and this study conducted additional intertextual analysis to it and defined its place in Pelevin's prose. As a result of the research, it was established that in the actions and words of Pelevin's Japanese characters, aesthetic ideas that best express the Japanese character unconsciously penetrate. The spirit of Bushido and the Japanese aesthetics of death provide these characters with the opportunity for poetic self-destruction; however, its description is usually ironic in nature. The function of contemplation and spiritual practice for the Japanese characters is most often to serve as a contrast to the true path of enlightenment.

Keywords: Mono no aware, Yukio Mishima, philosophy, enlightenment, aesthetics of death, zen buddhism, bushido, Victor Pelevin, seppuku, Emptiness

Abstract: Active searches for solutions to relevant communicative tasks lead to the emergence of new ways of linguistic expression of statements, as well as to a reconsideration of existing methods, filling them with new meaning. The principles of constructing a modern text (such as intermediality, allusiveness, rhizomaticity, polycody, collagism, etc.) manifest themselves in various linguistic and paralinguistic phenomena, one of which is paragraph semantics. The subject of the study is the paragraph semantic means in M. Petrosyan's novel "The House in Which..." as methods of graphic variation of text: punctuation (singraphomics), font (supragraphics), and planar (topographic) variation. Paragraph semantic means, complementing the verbal component of the written text, are designed to more accurately encode the meaning of the statement in the process of its generation and decode it in the process of perception. The main methods used in this work are descriptive methods, including : observation of paralinguistic material, its systematization, and interpretation. The material was collected using a continuous sampling method. The conducted research showed that M. Petrosyan's novel "The House in Which..." is characterized by a high degree of representation of various paragraph semantic means, through which a unique visual appearance of the text is formed. The diversity of paragraph semantic means used in the novel (italics, bold font, spacing, imitation of handwritten text, capitalization, line spacing, planar variation of text, tables) is a natural result and reflection of the ongoing processes in modern Russian language, such as an increase in personal initiative, language liberalization, and a desire for linguistic play and variability. Paragraph semantic means perform various functions in artistic works: they mark changes in genre and narrative register, provide access to the sphere of memories and/or emotions of the character, denote prosodic characteristics of speech, and emphasize the polyphony of the work and its intertextuality.

Keywords: graphic rhetoric, idiolect, line spacing, capitalization, oblique font, italic, topography, supragraphy, syngraphy, paragraphemic tools

Abstract: The study is dedicated to the semiotic analysis of the preposition "on" in modern English, covering its semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic characteristics in the context of complex sign systems. The material consists of data from the British National Corpus (BNC) and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), as well as from the Oxford and Cambridge dictionaries, allowing for the identification of patterns in the usage of "on" across diverse contexts: spatial, temporal, abstract, and causal relationships. The analysis revealed that the semantics of "on" depends on its collocation with nouns, verbs, and adjectives, while its pragmatic function is often related to conveying logical or culturally specific relationships. A comprehensive approach to the data from corpus linguistics and lexicographic sources identified the polysemy of "on," which is influenced by contextual and cognitive factors, confirming its role as a key element in structuring English discourse. The main research methods, necessitated by the need to identify the semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic features of the preposition "on," include semantic, contextual, and pragmatic analyses. Additionally, table, summarizing, descriptive, and retrospective methods were used to process the material. The main findings of the study include the identification of the core component of the semantics of the preposition "on" – the postulation of a temporal or spatial contact with an object. This core component is preserved in all types of realization of the linguistic sign "on" – in its iconic, indexical, and symbolic forms. Secondarily associative mental schemes arising from the core component of the semantics of "on" are manifested in the semiotic space of complex signs of idioms and phrasal verbs. The authors identify the following secondary semantic models: cyclical action, maximum proximity to a certain state or event, achieving maximum potential, continuous ongoing action, activation of something / transitioning to a working state, and optimal localization of the subject. The functioning of the linguistic sign "on" as a particle in a phrasal verb, a preposition, and an adverb demonstrates its ability to form, within the framework of complex signs, relationships of semantic paradigmatics, syntactic paradigmatics, and narrative syntax, respectively. A contrastive comparison of the preposition "on" with prepositions that can participate in the formation of similar syntactic constructions can reveal its linguistic and pragmatic presuppositions.

Keywords: presupposition, paradigmatics, mental schema, linguistic sign, preposition, English language, syntactics, pragmatics, semantics, semiotics

Abstract: The article is dedicated to identifying the specifics of the functioning of modal and semi-modal verbs in media texts. The subject of the study is the structural and semantic features of modal and semi-modal verbs in modern German. The object of the study is verbs that express modality. The material for the research is an article from the news web portal of the German broadcasting organization ARD Tagesschau, published on March 4, 2025. The research tasks are: to establish the composition of modal verbs involved in text creation; to determine the types of modal and semi-modal verbs; to identify the structural and semantic features of modal and semi-modal verbs; to establish their role in creating modality in news text as a whole. The authors examine in detail the semantic possibilities of the verbs sollen, wollen, and müssen. Special attention is given to the functioning of the semi-modal verbs brauchen and scheinen. The theoretical basis for the interpretation of modality includes the works of German linguists H. Hellwig and I. Bush, the editorial team of Duden, and others. We also note the work of E. V. Bodnaruk, which is dedicated to the systematization of the meanings and areas of use of modal verbs in the German language. The methods used in writing the work include intertextual and conceptual analysis. The material of the study is a news text from the web portal; the novelty lies in revealing the specifics of the functioning and selection of verbs for creating the modality of the text. It is established that all verbs traditionally classified as modal in modern German are present in the news text. It has been found that, according to the overall semantics of the text, the verbs with deontic modality of necessity müssen and the intention verb wollen are most frequently used. Structurally, the use of modal verbs müssen, dürfen, and können in the form of Konjunktiv Präsens with the meanings of necessity, assumption, and impossibility is noted. In sentences with the verb müssen, its deontic meaning is realized. The use of the verb brauchen in the modal meaning in combination with a substantive verb is identified, indicating an expansion of its syntagmatics.

Keywords: media text, news text, text modality, evidential modality, subjective modality, deontic modality, objective modality, semi-modal verbs, modal verbs, modality

Abstract: The article is dedicated to identifying the specifics of the functioning of proper names in the titles of films from the USA produced in 1920. The subject of the study includes structural, semantic, and functional features of proper names. The object of the study consists of English language onymic units. The material for the research is based on the list of films from American film companies in 1920, published on the electronic resource "List of American films of 1920." The research tasks are to identify the main types of bionyms and abionyms involved in creating film titles; to define and characterize the types of anthroponyms and toponyms; to reveal the structural and semantic features of male and female names, oikonyms, and godonyms; and to establish the specifics of the functioning of filmonyms involving onymic units. The authors examine in detail the reasons for the use of onymic units in film titles. Special attention is given to the functioning of familiar anthroponyms and toponyms for American film viewers, as well as precedent onymes in filmonyms. The theoretical basis of the research consists of the main provisions in the field of onomastics by A. V. Superanskaya and V. I. Suprun, which reveal the linguistic status of onymes and the criteria for their classification. The works of Yu. N. Podymova, V. E. Anisimov, and A. V. Zubareva were consulted to address the features of filmonyms. The study employs structural-semantic and functional analysis methods. For the first time, the material of the study consists of titles of US film productions from 1920; the novelty lies in revealing the specifics of the functioning and choice of proper names for creating filmonyms. The study found that film titles mainly feature onymes of American origin, as well as the use of the same names and structures, indicating the unstable nature of the process of forming filmonyms during that period. It was established that the most common names in filmonyms are familiar anthroponyms of that time such as Mary, Rose, Jimmy, Jack; and toponyms New York and Broadway. A dependence of the structural type of filmonyms on a certain type of onyme has been identified. It was determined that only anthroponyms are used in the form of word forms, while toponyms more often form phrases where they serve as definitions.

Keywords: reference function, oikonym, godonym, toponym, anthroponym, attractive function, filmonym, onym, bionym, abionym

Abstract: The subject of the research is the bioessential-deterministic paradigm as a cause of the transformation of linguistics into psycholinguistics. The bioessential-deterministic paradigm is understood as anthropocentric in a broad sense. The aim of the research is to comprehend the the transformation of linguistics into psycholinguistics as a result of the acceptance of the bioessential-deterministic paradigm in linguistics. The transformation is metaphorical in nature. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the philosophical understanding of linguistics and psycholinguistics. The practical significance of the study is in the prospect of developing interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research. The relevance of the research is due to the need for the development of the bioessential-deterministic paradigm. The methods of research include: analysis of scientific literature, method of abstraction, abductive, descriptive, and comparative methods. The methods of abstraction and abduction made it possible to identify and describe the transformations of the limits of systemic structuralism into the limits of bioessential determinism: linguistics into psycholinguistics and linguistics into psychology. The opinions of various scholars regarding paradigms in linguistics are compared, with a common acknowledgment of anthropocentricity in language. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the understanding of the role of the bioessential-deterministic paradigm in the transformation of linguistics into psycholinguistics. The scientific novelty is in the absence of similar studies. The author comes to the following conclusions. The limit of systemic structuralism is linguistics, while the limit of bioessential determinism (anthropocentrism) is psychology. Linguistics and psycholinguistics are different sciences that share a common foundation: the totality of language as an abstract sign system and speech as a concrete living process in various combinations. The author describes a number of paradoxical transformations derived through the method of abstraction: Transformation of type part of a whole becoming another whole: the transition from linguistics to psycholinguistics; Transformation of type part of one whole becoming another whole: pure bioessential determinism is psychology; In both transformations, the cause occurred later than the consequence – more precisely, the awareness of the cause comes after the occurrence of the consequence. These metamorphoses can be explained by the increasing role of chaos and the natural laws of the development of science.

Keywords: linguistics, systemic structuralism, bio-essentialist determinism, system-structural paradigm, anthropocentrism, bio-essentialist determinist paradigm, anthropocentric paradigm, paradigm shift, paradigm, psycholinguistics

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic personality of the Russian actor in the perspective of self-presentational activity, i.e. the formation of the speaker's image, his image, taking into account the value orientations and ways of speech influence on the addressee. The research is based on the three-part structure of linguistic personality (Y. N. Karaulov), on the theory of strategies and tactics of speech influence (O. S. Issers), on the typology of social identities (V. S. Ageyev et al.). The methods of contextual and stylistic analysis, comparative analysis, elements of statistical processing of linguistic material are used in the work. The chosen angle of research (self-presentation) focuses attention on the image function of the interview genre and makes it possible to develop a model for describing professional linguistic personality, in which professional and personal values are in the center of attention. In this paper, the comparison of Russian actors' self-presentational statements in the interview genre with similar statements of Chinese actors allowed us to establish that some values and communicative tactics of Russian actors' self-presentation are universal, independent of nationality and cultural stereotypes (norms of polite behavior), while other values and tactics are determined by the national-cultural specifics of native speakers (emphasis on inner feelings, which is set by the Russian linguistic picture of the world). Based on the analysis of the motivational level of linguistic personality, it was found that Russian actors are much more willing to describe subjective, mental experiences, while Chinese actors more often focus on objective and observable phenomena of reality. The developed model for describing the actor's linguistic personality in the aspect of self-presentation can be used in linguocultural and linguopragmatic studies of speech behavior.

Keywords: self-presentation, speech strategy, hierarchy of values, identity, Chinese linguistic personality, Russian linguistic personality, Chinese actor, Russian actor, professional linguistic personality, speech tactics of self-presentation

Abstract: The subject of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the key trends, development prospects, current problems, methodological aspects, and theoretical foundations of scientific research in the field of implicature within linguistics. Both Chinese and foreign publications are taken into consideration in this study, as implicature plays a crucial role in revealing the hidden meanings in the communication process and also in cross-cultural interaction. The main tasks of the research include accurately determining the dynamics of scientific publications in this field, identifying thematic clusters that form the academic discourse around implicature, analyzing the interdisciplinary connections that extend between different areas of knowledge influencing the understanding of implicature, and also meticulously identifying the existing differences between the Chinese and foreign academic traditions in the study of implicature. In this study, the methods of bibliometric and visual analysis of literature are used with the help of the CiteSpace software (version 6.4.R1). The scientific novelty of the research lies in the identification of the differences between the Chinese and foreign academic traditions in the study of implicature. In Chinese linguistics, the pragmatic approach dominates, while foreign studies enhance the significance of cognitive-discursive analysis and expand the interdisciplinary field. The results show that in China, research on implicature is concentrated within the framework of pragmatics, whereas in foreign studies, it covers broader areas, including cognitive linguistics and logical semantics. In China, there has been a decline in interest in implicature after the peak period from 2008 to 2012. In foreign research, a relatively stable interest is maintained, but there is also a tendency towards a decrease. For further development, it is proposed to conduct active experimental research, strengthen interdisciplinary connections, and take into account the cultural and linguistic specificity.

Keywords: Interdisciplinary field, logical semantics, cognitive linguistics, CiteSpace software, interdisciplinary connections, development prospects, visual analysis, bibliometric analysis, linguistics, implicature

Abstract: The article examines the semantic and structural features of verbal prepositional-case forms with the lexemes THEATRE and STAGE in the Russian language based on the Russian Language National Corpus (the main and newspaper subcorpuses). The work evaluates the frequency of verbal prepositional-case forms with the lexemes THEATRE and STAGE, and identifies the most common verbs that are part of the specified language units. The relevance of the article lies in the fact that it is in the paradigm of studying the lexical and semantic compatibility of units of the Russian language. The aim of the paper is to analyze the semantic features of the prepositional-case forms of the lexemes THEATRE and STAGE in verb combinations based on the Russian Language National Corpus material (the main and newspaper subcorpuses), to determine the degree of their stability, as well as the expressive potential of the prepositional-case forms of the mentioned lexemes. As a result, the frequency and structural characteristics of verb prepositional-case forms with the components THEATRE and STAGE were determined, as well as their role in the professional and everyday worldviews of native Russian speakers. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that it examines the phenomenon of lexical compatibility of the lexemes THEATRE and STAGE in verbal prepositional-case form of the modern Russian language. The focus is on the most frequent models of compatibility. The role of verbal combinations of prepositional-case forms with the lexemes THEATRE and STAGE in the professional and everyday language worldviews is revealed. This aspect reflects the specific features of the lexical system of the Russian language. The paper makes the comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon with reference to lexicographic materials (for example, the dictionary of lexical compatibility), as well as to the National Corpus of the Russian Language and its statistical tools for calculating the largest number of occurrences in the corpus of various verb combinations with the lexemes THEATRE and STAGE. The research methodology includes both methods of linguistic and lexicological analysis, as well as the methods of statistical analysis, and contextual and communicative analysis. Methods of lexicological analysis allow determining the list of verb combinations of prepositional-case forms with the lexemes TEATR and STAGE in the Russian language. When referring to the Russian Language National Corpus, the method of statistical analysis is also applied: the most common verb combinations are identified. Methods of contextual and communicative analysis allow identifying the role of verb combinations of prepositional-case forms with the above mentioned lexemes in everyday and professional worldviews. Furthermore, the methods of contextual and linguostylistic analysis allow determining the expressive potential of prepositional-case forms of the said lexemes.

Keywords: expressive potential, verb combination, prepositional-case form, lexemes of the Russian language, professional worldview, everyday worldview, compatibility of the lexeme THEATRE, verbal prepositional-case forms, compatibility of the lexeme STAGE, lexical compatibility

Abstract: The relevance of the work is determined by the growing interest of linguists in the problem of qualitative characterization of utterances and their fragments, as well as the need for further study of the principles of interaction of the lexical and grammatical in the structure of linguistic units involved in speech in various transposition processes, including adverbialization. The purpose of the work is to study the mechanism of gradual transposition of prepositionless forms of the nominative and accusative cases of nouns into the class of adverbs. The focus is on nuclear, peripheral substantive word forms, hybrids that synthesize the features of interacting nouns during stepwise adverbialization. Using the example of the word form "century", the stages and features of transposition of nouns into the subclass of aspectual-temporal adverbs are considered. The material for the study is contexts from the National Corpus of the Russian Language and the authors' own examples. It was revealed that in the zone of the core of the initial part of speech, the substantive word form "century" concentrates a full set of differential features of nouns. In the peripheral zone, its movement towards adverbs is manifested in the fixation of types of use of morphological forms of case and number, and in the appearance of adverbial semantics, primarily at the level of sentence members. In the sphere of hybrid structures, the word form "century" combines properties of interacting nouns and adverbs in approximately equal proportions. The last stage of the actual grammatical adverbialization of this word form is associated with the peripheral zone of adverbs. The idea of the exit of the word form "century" out of the semantic zone of the original lexeme at the stage of nuclear adverbs is substantiated.

Keywords: periphery, core, transition zone, adverb, noun without preposition, stage, transposition, grammar, Russian language, hybrid

Abstract: This work is devoted to the study of the category of political correctness, its social and political origin. This issue is of wide interest among domestic and foreign linguists, which determines the relevance of this research area. The object of this work is the category of political correctness, which is understood as a cultural, behavioral and linguistic tendency designed to find new lexical expressions in order to avoid creating conflict and offending the feelings of different social groups. The article analyzes the features of this category in the speeches of the American politician and statesman Donald Trump, published in the American press and personal page of the social network Twitter. To study this phenomenon, the following methods were used: descriptive method, continuous sampling method, classification method, discourse analysis method, method of statistical and typological processing of the data. As a result of the study, the following thematic groups of items were identified: social, gender, professional, political, national, ethical, physical. Each of the presented groups was studied from the viewpoint of the presence of politically correct and incorrect statements. The research material shows that the politician’s statements are overwhelmingly unacceptable within the framework of political discourse, but meet the requirements of the main function of political discourse - persuasiveness and seem to be a clear, convincing illustration of his position, which, of course, sets him apart from other US political and government figures. This study makes a certain contribution to the methodology for studying the phenomenon of political correctness. Thus, it is proposed to carry out an analysis based on identifying thematic groups of vocabulary and studying how they are presented from the position of expressing political correctness.

Keywords: politically correct language, intolerance, speech tolerance, tolerance, USA political discourse, Donald Trump, political leader, political correctness, political discourse, evaluation