Abstract: The article is devoted to studying the specifics of implementation of the concept «SUPERSTITIONS», which is an integral part of the national and cultural identity of any ethnic group, in Spanish, French, British, American and Russian linguocultures in the modern period. The analysis of the language material shows that this phenomenon is widespread in modern Spanish, French, English and Russian. The main function of superstitions - prognostic, predictive - is manifested both at the national and international level. The article examines the content of superstitious views of Spanish, French, British, Americans and Russians, analyzing ways and means for representing the concept of «SUPERSTITIONS» in the linguistic cultures, and highlights the common and distinctive features of this concept in the Spanish, French, British, American and Russian language pictures of the world. The authors of the research used methods such as theoretical literature review, comparative analysis, continuous sampling, as well as observation and generalization. The novelty of the research is to carry out comparative analysis of various aspects of the concept «SUPERSTITIONS» in the material of Spanish, French, English and Russian languages, as well as to identify the dynamics of functional development of this concept in Spanish, French, British, American and Russian world pictures. The study showed that although the grammatical aspects of the expression of the concept «SUPERSTITIONS» are comparable in modern Spanish, French, English and Russian languages, however, there are marked differences in the interpretation of the consequences of the same events and phenomenon in the different linguistic pictures of the world being studied. The results of the study in a practical plane can be used to solve a wide range of problems related to the characteristics of intercultural interaction of Spanish, French, British, Americans and Russians.

Keywords: English Language, French Language, Spanish Language, Cultural Code, Linguoculture, Linguistic Picture of the World, World Picture, Concept, Superstitions, Russian Language

Abstract: The subject of the research in this article is the analysis of the concept of "lies" in Russian, French and Chinese. Attention is paid to the lexical and etymological features of the word "lie" and its connection with other concepts such as "truth" and "deception". Lying is seen as a deliberate distortion of reality, which has deep roots in human cognition and mythological representations. The author discusses about the antonymic pairs "truth-lie", reflecting the opposition characteristic of human perception of the world. Special attention is paid to images and symbols associated with lies, such as swamp, mud and water, which reinforce the negative connotation of this concept. The lexical environment of the word "lie", its compatibility with various adjectives and verbs, as well as the difference between lies and untruths also become the object of analysis. The article attempts to reveal how cultural aspects influence the perception of lies in the Russian language and consciousness. The research methodology is based on a linguistic analysis of the vocabulary, etymology and compatibility of the word "lie" in Russian, French and Chinese, as well as on the interpretation of cultural and mythological images associated with this concept. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the in-depth analysis of the concept of "lies" in Russian, French and Chinese, revealing their mythological and cultural roots. The article explores how ancient symbols and metaphors such as the sun, water, threads and fabric form modern ideas about truth and falsehood, demonstrating their universal aspects in Indo-European and Asian cultures. The study also emphasizes gender aspects, linking speech with the feminine principle and revealing the dualistic opposition inherent in mythological systems. The revealed conclusions show that concepts related to truth and falsehood continue to live in modern consciousness, preserving ancient mythological elements and adapting to modern cultural and linguistic contexts.

Keywords: Chinese language, Russian, the material connotation, the national mentality, semantic analysis, Linguoculturology, contrastive research, ethics, the linguistic picture of the world, French language

Abstract: The subject of this article is the concept of "evil" in the linguistic worldviews of three different cultures – Russian, French and Chinese. As part of the contrastive analysis, the authors study and compare various aspects of this concept, while using a well-defined algorithm. The study covers the etymology of the word in each of the languages, mythological roots, as well as its compatibility with other lexical units. Special attention is paid to the allocation of material connotation, as proposed by V. A. Uspensky, and the comparison of dictionary definitions. The main purpose of the work is to identify the unique and common features of the concept of "evil" in the semantic fields of these cultures, which allows for a better understanding of the ideological specifics of the Russian, French and Chinese peoples. The scientific methods of research are : the comparative historical method, the method of generalization, the method of semantic analysis. This topic is poorly studied and relevant, because there were no early linguistic and cultural studies of the West-Russia-East coverage analyzing this concept in Russian, French and Chinese languages and cultures, which is the scientific novelty of the work. The findings of the study emphasize the diversity of perception and representation of the concept of "evil" in different cultures. In Russian, evil is the antonym of good, it is embodied and animated in the form of a hostile principle, against which a person actively fights. In French, "mal" originally had a religious meaning associated with the devil, but in modern language the emphasis has shifted to the meanings of "pain" and "illness". At the same time, the fight against evil is more evident in philosophical and religious contexts than in everyday life. In Chinese culture, the roots of the concept of "恶" are associated with ancient ideas about ancestral spirits and are opposed to goodness through associations with dirt, diseases and weeds. In addition, the influence of Christianity during the late Qing Dynasty was reflected in the perception of sin in modern Chinese.

Keywords: French language, Russian, Chinese language, the material connotation, the national mentality, semantic analysis, Linguoculturology, ethics, contrastive examination, the linguistic picture of the world

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to identify the speech characteristics of modern Chinese teachers. The object of the study is the blog(s). Special attention is paid to the visual and auditory design of the video material: the presence of music, the design of the room, the style of the blogger's clothes, the manner of speech. The desire to show their own market attractiveness against the background of competitors, the desire to become popular and have their own audience on the Internet motivates bloggers to show authority in a variety of ways. The research material was two commercials of English language courses on the "bilibili" platform. The coronavirus infection has pushed the Chinese government and private educators to develop online teaching platforms, among which the bilibili video hosting can be cited as example. Users of this platform have the opportunity not only to watch videos, but also to purchase video courses on various topics. The work uses a descriptive method (observation, interpretation, generalization). In the course of the study, the speech analyzer programs Text-Analyzer and Cathoven were used, with the help of which the approximate level of oral text on the CEFR scale was determined. As a result of the analysis, the main features of the speech portrait of the teacher-blogger were highlighted, and the importance of the image on the Internet for attracting an audience was emphasized. The main contribution of the author is a comprehensive study of the image of a modern teacher in Chinese linguoculture. Along with the economic boom and the development of social networks in China, there has been a reassessment of traditional values. The penetration of Western mass culture has had a strong impact on the population, especially on the younger generation, who use the Internet to a greater extent and consume entertainment and educational content. This influence has not spared modern Chinese teachers. Studying the image of a Chinese teacher in modern realities will help to update information about Chinese culture, its synthesis with modern mass culture and traditional Confucian values.

Keywords: Chinese language, media, social media, speech portraiture, portraiture, speech portrait, linguopersonology, China, blog, teacher

Abstract: The subject of the research in the article is the peculiarities of artistic time in the novels of M.A. Kuzmin. The object of the research is the novels by M. A. Kuzmin "The Adventures of Aimé Leboeuf" and "The Journey of Sir John Fairfax through Turkey and other notable countries". The purpose of the study is to discover the specific features of time as a chronotope parameter in the artistic space of M.A. Kuzmin's novels. The authors of the article identify a range of tasks: to determine the meaning of the term chronotope, its functions, the role of the category "artistic time" in the binary structure of the chronotope; to analyze the novels of M.A. Kuzmin from the point of view of following literary traditions and innovation in the aspect of subjectivity/objectivity of perception of time by heroes, temporal ways of representing events and their correlation, including types of time in the canvas Romanov.  The methodological tools were made up of a cultural-historical method used within the framework of the chronotopic approach, which allowed for a diachronic analysis of M.A. Kuzmin's novels; structural-descriptive and descriptive-functional methods aimed at researching works from the point of view of the structure and functions of the object. The novelty of the research lies in the use of a chronotopic approach in the analysis of Kuzmin's works with the condition of isolating the category of time, the conceptual category that decodes the author's model of the world, carries out the relationship of the work and the objective world. Such a principle of temporality in the study of M.A. Kuzmin's novels exposed the plot time, the subjective perception of time by the characters, the author's time, revealing the writer's concept, as well as the aspectual and subjective modal properties that form the writer's idiosyncrasy. The results of the study can be used in the disciplines of the humanities cycle in schools, educational institutions of secondary special education, and universities. As a result, the authors of the article came to the following conclusions. M.A. Kuzmin follows literary traditions in understanding the meaning of the artistic chronotope and its functions, highlighting time as the leading principle in the structure of the chronotope, in the embodiment of different forms of time. The writer's innovation is represented by the inclusion of a rapid change of events, the effect of omission, the introduction of inversions into chronology, the use of several forms of time, the subjectivity of the narrative, the creation of a new image of the hero

Keywords: everyday time, adventurous time, concept of man, inversions, ways of storytelling, genre, time, chronotope, historical time, subjectivity

Abstract: The object of this study is the ballads of V.A. Zhukovsky, J. Byron and V.M. Hugo. The purpose of the work: to conduct a comparative analysis of "Lyudmila" by V.A. Zhukovsky, "The Bride of Abydos" by J. Byron and "The Bride of the Timpani Player" by V.M. Hugo. The material basis of the study was the work of the following authors: R.S. Buurma, B.M. Gasparov, Z.N. Bakalova, A.S. Bakalova. The article examines the role of epigraphs in ballads; analyzes how fantastic images are reflected in the ballads of V.A. Zhukovsky, J. Byron and V.M. Hugo; the difference between the poetic dimensions of works is noted; analyzes how historical, geographical and temporal markers are represented in ballads. The ballads of Byron and Hugo also differ in their relation to romantic ideals. Byron placed the loneliness and torment of the hero at the center of his ballads, and also reflected in them his negative attitude towards society and power. Hugo, on the contrary, preached the ideals of struggle and freedom, heroic overcoming of difficulties. The article examines aspects of the study of the ballad genre in Russian and Western European romanticism. The Russian ballad is largely influenced by folklore ballads, both national and Western European, and represents a heterogeneous genre formation. The ballads of Byron and Hugo also differ in their relation to romantic ideals. Byron put the loneliness and torment of the hero at the center of his ballads, and also reflected in them his negative attitude towards society and power. Hugo, on the contrary, preached the ideals of struggle and freedom, heroic overcoming of difficulties and catastrophes, which resonated in the hearts of many of his contemporaries. A comparative examination of the poems "The Bride of Abydos" by George Gordon Byron and "Lyudmila" by Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky allows us to look at both works through the prism of romantic literature, to identify their distinctive features and the general context of the era in which they were created. The main difference between the two poems lies in the cultural contexts in which the plots develop. Based on the above, we conclude that the ballads of V.M. Hugo, J. Byron and V.A. Zhukovsky demonstrate the presence of both similarities and differences.

Keywords: Zhukovsky, romanticism, ghostly rider, verse size, fantastic image, epigraph, ballads, comparativist analysis, Hugo, Byron

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the lexical system of the Russian language in the period from 1991 to 2016. The analysis showed that in the vocabulary with sharply increased popularity, there is a predominance of nouns and adjectives, which indicates a tendency to increase their use. At the same time, the frequency of using other parts of speech remains stable or decreases. The study also revealed that neologisms can significantly increase their frequency of use in the context of new socio-historical realities. Special attention is paid to the derived forms of established words, which have a high probability of increasing popularity compared to root words. It was revealed that topics related to economics and finance were more significant for Russians in the period under review than terms related to new realities such as the Internet. Finally, the study focuses on a large number of words with pejorative coloring, reflecting financial problems and social difficulties, which indicates the negative aspects of life in the post-Soviet period and their impact on language. To analyze lexical changes, an innovative method of automatic selection of lexical neoplasms was used, developed within the framework of the project "Automatic detection of lexical changes". The application of this method represents a significant improvement over traditional approaches based on manual search in various sources. Unlike previously used methods, this study uses a method of automatic text processing using a specially developed Python program. Using this program, a 1992-2016 file consisting of 70,498,699 words was analyzed. From this file, words were selected whose frequency of use increased by 1000% and were used more than 1000 times, which made it possible to identify the most significant and popular lexical units in the life of the country during the period under review. Based on this volumetric sample and machine counting, the most objective results were obtained, which allows not only to identify new and outdated words, but also to track general trends in the use of vocabulary. This is the first time a project of this type is being implemented in Russia.

Keywords: lexical trends, Russian language, Natural Language Processing, lexical changes, corpus linguistics, innovations, word frequency, new words, neologism, post-Soviet

Abstract: The subject of this article is the poetry of the Indian educator of the XIX – early XX century Guruzada Apparao. The poet's work reveals his program of the "religion of love", which has become an expression of the educational philosophy of Guruzada. Coming from the circles of the Indian intelligentsia formed under the colonial influence, Guruzada Apparao believed that in relations with the colonialists – the British – one should adhere to "practical patriotism", which assumed effective assistance to the people of the country, and not verbal strife. Guruzada Apparao's poetry is based on civic lyrics, which contain a protest against the ignorance of the Indian people, caste inequality, religious prejudice, and the oppressed position of Indian women. Special attention is paid to the reflection in the poet's work of the activities of the Indian National Congress, the leading political organization in the country, and criticism of its methods of fighting for the empowerment of Indians. The methodological basis of the article is the comparative historical method, with the help of which the specific historical features of Guruzada Apparao's "religion of love" are highlighted. As a result of the conducted research, the author came to the following conclusions: 1) the civil lyrics of Guruzada Apparato were formed in the conditions of the colonial-dependent state of India, which resulted in a significant deterioration in the situation of the Indian people. In this regard, Guruzada's poems trace educational motives, calls for a fight against the ignorance of the people, against the religious prejudices dominating in Indian society. As a result, Guruzada wrote works accessible to the common people, using folk expressions, and became one of the founders of modern Telugu literature. 2) At the same time, Guruzada Apparato stood apart from the leading political forces of the country at that time, in particular, from the Indian National Congress, considering its activities ineffective due to the desire to obtain personal power. 3) The "religion of love", which was one of the main motives of the poet's mature work, fades into the background at the end of his life, giving way to motives of disappointment and lack of agreement.

Keywords: British India, enlightenment, colonialism, civil lyrics, Indian literature, Telugu poetry, Indian poetry, Gurajada Apparao, Indian National Congress, patriotism

Abstract: The focus of this study is the literary-critical statements of V.S. Solovyov and Yu.N. Govorukha-Otrok about the poetry of A.A. Fet. The main object of research – articles written in the 1890s, during the formation of the philosophical method of literary criticism: "About lyrical poetry. Concerning the last poems of Fet and Polonsky" (Solovyov, 1890), "Poetry of Fet" (Govorukho-Otrok, 1892; 1893). Vladimir Solovyov, a younger contemporary and opponent of Govorukho-Otrok, can paradoxically be considered as a mentor in philosophical criticism. The purpose of this work is to identify and analyze the views of Solovyov and Govorukho-Otrok on the essence of poetic creativity. The novelty of the research lies in the comparison of the literary-critical systems of the opposing authors. The homogeneity of the methods reveals itself through a combination of journalism and subjectivity, as well as a mandatory focus on social impact. But if for Govorukho-Otrok the main point of support in literary and critical judgments is religion, for V. Solovyov it is history. Only the spiritual and eternal, according to those writers, can be both a source and an object of poetic comprehension. For both critics, the poet appears, if not a sacred, then an exceptional figure.

Keywords: pure art, lyricism, literary hierarchy, literary critical statement, Poetry, Govorukha-Otrok, Fet, Soloviev, philosophical method, Literary criticism