Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of the concept of nihilism in the philosophy of Nietzsche and Heidegger, as well as ethnical concept of Heidegger’s thinking. Emphasis is made on determining the multivalence of the concept of nihilism in the works of both philosophers, as well as the comprehension distinctions.  The author explores the peculiarities of Heidegger’s interpretation of metaphysics as nihilism, and analyzes the question on the essence of thinking that preponderates metaphysics. The article elucidates the ethical aspect of Heidegger’s thought to demonstrate certain aspects that, perhaps, led the philosopher to participation in the national-socialist movement. In the course of this study was used the method of comparative analysis of philosophical positions of the thinkers along with the comprehensive analysis of the existing sources of this topic. Nietzsche’s nihilism as the reconsideration of values, takes place within the categorical net of moral Platonism, only being “inverted” by Nietzsche. Therefore, his philosophy of life is the reconsideration of foundations of moral being of a human. Unlike Nietzsche, Heidegger understands nihilism as thinking that does not raise a question on the nothingness, in other words, as metaphysics. Heidegger believes that overcoming metaphysics means deepening in the thought on being. The specificity of Heidegger’s philosophy is that human, freedom, duty, and responsibility are viewed exceptionally in light of the thought on being, outside the idea of the subject of morality. Ethics is possible as a genuine “whereness” in terms of the realness of being, obedience to it. The danger of such “ethos” lies not only in the fact that the responding to being thought is subjected to deception, but also that by overcoming the metaphysics of a subject towards the initial thinking, we can lose the idea of oneself as a responsible beginning of life, when the all of the said and done is the personal choice and decision.

Keywords: morality, existence, being, ethics, thinking, Heidegger, value, Nietzsche, nihilism, metaphysics

Abstract: The goal of this research is the examination of the peculiarities of development of gastronomic culture in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and formulation of recommendations for its future advancement. The subject of this work is the foodservice in Yakutsk. The object of this article is the gastronomic culture. The author considers the scientific approaches towards the concept of “gastronomic culture”. Special attention is given to the resources of Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in the context of advancement of gastronomic culture. Brief characteristic of the resources is provided. For solution of the set objective was conducted pilot survey, involving 104 residents of the city of Yakutsk. Based on the results, the author formulated recommendations for further development of gastronomic culture in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The sociological methods, such as semi-structured interview and questionnaire, were applied in the course of this research. In order to learn the relation of Yakutsk residents to national cuisine and prospects for development of gastronomic culture in the region, the author carried out sociological survey. This article is relevant due to the fact that modern culture demonstrates growing interest in the sphere of food culture. The food theme grasps all areas of mass culture; festivals and competitions of culinary art gain popularity, so as the foodservice. Therefore, these questions are relevant from the perspective of culturological knowledge and deserve careful theoretical study.

Keywords: peoples cuisine, Yakutia, tourist resources, gastronomic festival, food culture, culinary tourism, food, national cuisine, gastronomic tourism, gastronomic culture,

Abstract: This article gives a brief characteristic to the philosophical evolution of Max Scheler in the “pre-phenomenological” period of his works; describes the circumstances of his philosophical encounter with Edmund Husserl. The scientific novelty of the conducted analysis lies in determination of the fundamental parameters of Scheler’s comprehension of phenomenology: as a “contact with the world”, as ontology. The author explains the reasons of Scheler’s negative attitude towards the theory of cognition and elucidation of the “criteria” of cognitive activity; demonstrates the boundaries of applicability of the phenomenological reduction according to Scheler: human personality. In Scheler’s works reduction can also be interpreted as a religious practice, type of asceticism, or in general, as moral behavior. The author uses the methods and methodology of historical-philosophical reconstruction, conceptual analysis, approach from the perspective of the sociology of knowledge. Initially, leaning on the tradition of Neo-Kantianism and philosophy of life, Max Scheler, getting with the phenomenology of Husserl, positively perceives the idea of eidetic reduction (the study of essence), partially agrees with the phenomenological reduction (uses it only as a getting away from the factual particularity of the phenomenon under consideration), and adamantly refuses to accept the idea of the absolute consciousness.

Keywords: ontology, history, ethics, positivism, phenomenology, Husserl, Scheler, axiology, values, spiritual practice

Abstract: This article examines the transformation of production of scientific knowledge in the modern computer science. A brief description is given to the phenomenon of technoscience, as well as fundamental characteristics of technoscientific model of the production of scientific knowledge. The article discusses the concept of binary code as the framework that defines the emergence of computer science due to the synthesis of fundamental and applied aspects of knowledge. The description of the concept of quantum computers is also used for proving the interdependent correlation of the practical and theoretical studies in the modern computer science. Attention is given to the role of cryptography in computer science. For demonstrating the peculiarities of technoscience, the author examines the current small and large high technology companies. The article reviews the proximity level between the fundamental and applied research in computer science, role of scientific studies in business process of high technology companies, as well as the impact of sociological and economic factors in scientific research. It is concluded that the synthesis of theoretical and applied studied becomes the key moment in the advancement of computer science. The productive development of the modern scientific knowledge in computer science is observed namely in the high technology companies, while the social and economic context gains an important role in examination of the transformation of scientific knowledge.

Keywords: IT, technoscientific models, technoscience, applied research, technical knowledge, philosophy of technology, high tech business, technology convergence, technology, knowledge

Abstract: The subject of this research is the methodological issues in studying socialization in the socio-philosophical aspect. The two main groups of issues are determined: related to pursuit of the meaning and essence of socialization; and differentiation of this process from the processes of development and social adaptation. It is substantiated that main methodological difficulty in studying socialization is the continuous transformations of social environment, which do not allow the scholars to document and describe the relevant aspects of personality becoming and its peculiarities in a specific historical period. The author reveals the fundamental difficulty in determining the essence and ontology and the process of socialization, which consists in the impact of objective factors of the environment, its constant changes, and drastic transformations within the very system of “human-society” that complicates the formulation of the universal systemic methodology for its examination. Moreover, the process of socialization should be distinguished  from the similar processes of development and social adaptation, which is certainly hard to accomplish empirically, but possible theoretically, using the philosophical system of the categories of common, special, and single. As the main methodological vector of studying socialization, the author suggests the tendency to view this process within the system of interconnection, cooperation, principles human-environment relationship that define his role in the society and characterize as an active subject of social life.

Keywords: social environment, changes, methodology, development, adaptation, socialization, common, special, single, activity