Abstract: Today’s philosophical anthropology adopts methods of apothatic theology. Theological traditions connected with gaining insight into God’s purpose through denial of all its attributes and notations became a frequent practice in religious literature. It shows the fatigue from positive theology and appeal to final knowledge not only about God but also about human.

Keywords: philosophy, anthropology, apophatic theology, personality, human, life deserter, nature, superman, history, meaning.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the main methodological and world perception provisions of science during the Modern Time. The author of the article analyzes relations between human and nature at that period and makes an attempt to find the basis of modern environmental issues in those provisions.

Keywords: philosophy, human, nature, interaction, mechanism, metaphysics, experiment, rationalism, world perception, environmental studies.

Abstract: This is the final part of the article ‘Russian Path from Morals to Law’ published in Philosophy and Culture Journal (issue 7, 2012) and devoted to the history of Russian culture and unique features of the Russian mentality. In the second part of the article the author pays most of his attention at peculiarities of formation of legal consciousness in Russia and the objective relation between events of Russian modern history and Russian mental provisions (moral and legal provisions in the first place). In conclusion the author points out the possible drivers and ways to improve moral and legal aspects of social consciousness of Russians in the future.

Keywords: philosophy, ethical orientation, mythology, religion, morals, legal consciousness, mental evolution, Russian culture, spiritual crisis, social self-consciousness.

Abstract: The article contains a brief review of F. A. Stepun’s articles published in the Army and Navy of Free Russia Newspaper during the summer of 1917. Despite increased interest towards that philosopher, the given period of his life has never been really studied by researchers. Therefore, the analysis of his articles that were not included in his selected works and thus were not so popular is an important step allowing us a better insight into Stepin’s personality and philosophy.

Keywords: philosophy, history of philosophy, Stepun, war, revolution, peace, Russia, politics, 197, Russian handicapped.

Abstract: The article analyzes Nietzsche’s philosophy of late period (1888) that became the ‘high point’ of evolution of Nietzsche’s philosophical views, the ‘finishing stroke’ of the period that has a direct influence on his ‘Will to power’. The author underlines specifics of political recommendations and wishes of the philosopher for future generations as described in his conception of the ‘great policy’, in particular, his prophesy addressed to the revolution of nihilism that, based on Nietzsche, was a typical feature of modern epoch. As another version of interpretation of Nietzsche’s philosophy, the author analyzes political philosophy of Spengler — a major philosopher of conservative revolution in Germany in 20’s — 30’s of XX century. Spenger’s ideas made a great impact on formation of national socialism back in those years. Spengler’s theory of ethical socialism touched upon both the ‘will to power’, ‘eternal return of the same’, ‘nihilism’ and the ‘theory of superman’ as the main Nietzsche’s ideas.

Keywords: philosophy, ethical socialism, will to power, superman, nihilism, conservative revolution, reappraisal of values, ressentiment, development, degeneration.

Abstract: Kant’s philosophy is shown as a critical metaphysics that reviews traditional religion without denying it but preserving it in its new form. This idea is stated in five parts. The first part talks about the relation between practical philosophy and theological metaphysics. The second part describes Kant’s statement of the question about God fro doctrine philosophy to ‘Critique of Pure Reason’. The third part analyzes critique of any theology based on speculative principles of reason. The forth part talks about teachings on God’s existence as a postulate of pure practical reason and the fifth part deals with the priority of pure reason over practical reason.

Keywords: philosophy, Kant’s philosophy, critical metaphysics, mind, reason, theology, rational theology, physicotheology, faith, evidence of God’s existence.

Abstract: Indian Vedas show that their authors had a quite established concept of the cause and the driver of any natural phenomena, in other words, its actor and subject. Actors of cosmological processes and phenomena were Gods who had a number of cosmic functions allowing dynamics and unity of the world. The author of the article describes such heaven bodies and associated gods as Sun, Earth, Moon and some stars and planets from this point of view. The author describes the genealogy of such gods and their relations as world actors. The diversity of features of heaven bodies made the Vedas authors to invent diversified deification. The author of the article suggests a certain logic scheme for analyzing gods’ images. This scheme includes a number of different hypostases of gods: description of their appearance and spiritual image, cosmic and social functions and real referents. Analyzing the main gods from this point of view, the author concluded that mythological images were synthetic mental constructs consisting of components of different epistemological value. Myth-makers also shared their views on certain important universal characteristics of the reality such as the law of universal circulation, both natural and social space, time and movement within the Universe. In his article the author shares his logic of understanding the reality that is typical for the initial stage of any cognitive process including scientific one.

Keywords: philosophy, Universe, Sun, gods, time, movement, thinking, imagination, real, fictious.

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes the phenomenon of multiculturalism from the point of view of politics and culture. The main idea is that multiculturalism is a totally political phenomenon with all the expected consequences. Interaction between cultures is the process that can be in contact with politics but be outside the politics at the same time. Multiculturalism offers not only ethnical variety but also interflow of cultures. Multiculturalism, in the first place, suggests ‘peaceful co-existence’ of separated cultures but not their interaction. The maximum target that can be reached under multiculturalism policy is the cultural tolerance. This is why multiculturalism promotes isolation from the point of view of the author However, such ‘peaceful’ isolation is rarely met in reality because separation of cultures create certain tension between them. This is why multiculturalism causes confrontation between cultures but not their mutual enrichment.

Keywords: cultural studies, multiculturalism, politics, culture, migration, ethnos, dialogue of cultures, globalization, identity, liberalism, poly-ethnicity.

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes Erik Erikson’s theory of identity and reveals philosophical and anthropological prerequisites of this theory. Based on the author, this theory is based on the concept of chaotic and fragmentary human nature. Human starts with the fear for his own existence because there is nothing else in the world which would create a ready for and basis for him. In order to survive, human has to have certain benchmarks in the world and act and live together in order to create such basis. Erikson thought identity to be such basis.

Keywords: philosophy, identity, Erikson, anthropology, consciousness, ego, the Other, religion, self-identity, totality.

Abstract: One of the keys to increasing interest for knowledge management is the development of communication and information technologies. These technologies allow to exchange lots of information disregarding geographical locations of their actors and real time. The information flow is actually overwhelming and people begin to wonder whether they actually need all this information or there are other, more convenient, ways of obtaining it. Answers to these questions are rather positive because even though these technologies can change one’s consciousness and forms of transferring and using knowledge, they cannot completely substitute for personal contacts (for example, with virtual computer space). In reality, there are certain types of knowledge that can be developed and transferred only by means of traditional approaches.

Keywords: philosophy, information, knowledge, competence, competence models, education paradigm, knowledge management, education and teaching, information environment.

Abstract: The genre of musical comedy tries to catch up with a popular vampire sub-culture, too. ‘Beautiful’ fear cultivated by modern art and fashion comes to musical comedy. Ball of Vampires by Jim Steinman, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street by Stephen Sondheim, Cannibal! The Musical by Trey Parker, Frank Wildhorn’s, Christer Johansson’s and Simon Leclerc’s Draculas are great examples of that. Musical comedies about vampires have one feature in common: they all have numerological symbols and similar musical and rhetorical patterns.

Keywords: cultural research, musical comedy, vampires, Dracula, numerological symbols, musical and rhetoric figures, vampire sub-culture, new esthetical criteria of epoch, theme song, Stoker.

Abstract: The article contains a critical analysis of the main directions in modern philosophy of science. It is underlined that the Middle Ages formed hidden thoughts that were related to Christian metaphysics and gave birth to new epistemological and axiological creative ideas that became very important for genesis of classical science during Renaissance. Based on the system approach, science is mostly viewed as a certain result of innovation cultural processes and the product of the transfer of local Ancient Greek innovation to universal innovation of European culture.

Keywords: philosophy, science, Antique Times, binarity, system, probability, Christianity, innovation, resonance.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of V. I. Samokhvalova’s book ‘Ugliness’ that reveals not only the problems of actualization of the esthetical category in post-modern cultural environment but also different phenomena of post-culture in which ugliness become a cultural dominant. Special attention is paid at the author’s views on mass culture and numerous cultural practices which, based on the author, show the loss of axiological values and ideals. The book will be interest for a wide audience and remind the readers about the eternal problems of the Good and Evil, Beauty and Ugliness.

Keywords: cultural studies, ugliness, post-culture, esthetics, beauty, mass cult, category, technology, Post-Modernism, beautiful.