Abstract: The subject of the study is pre-translation analysis and the process of choosing a translation strategy, since these stages are among the primary ones in building the translation process. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the impact on both the translation process and the approach to it, and, subsequently, on the final translation product, which only emphasizes their importance in the translation system. Special attention is paid to the theoretical database of concepts and the chronology of the formation of concepts and terms, as well as to various translation models, within which the author highlights the place and function of pre-translation analysis. The main conclusions of the study are statements about the primacy of the stages of pre-translation analysis and the formation of a translation strategy in most existing translation models. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is an attempt to accumulate examples of argumentation of the translation strategy by ancient authors as evidence of a much earlier formation of concepts than terms. The novelty of the research consists in an attempt to create a chronological base for the formation of concepts and terms and the accumulation of historical artifacts for the subsequent systematization of knowledge about the processes of pre-translation analysis and the formation of a translation strategy, which will subsequently become not only the basis for translation, but also a reflection of the professional motivation of the translator.

Keywords: intercultural interaction, translation process, translation model, linguistics, translation studies, theory of translation, translation strategy, translation motivation, pre-translational analysis, translation

Abstract: The article studies the process of modeling of ethnic image in the Russian media space. The media texts of the "Argumenty i Fakty" portal were used as empirics. The aim is to create a periodization for studying the processes of media communication in the formation of national image. The article reveals linguistic and stylistic peculiarities of the content and specificity of emotional and evaluative elements of the format of AiF journalistic materials about representatives of Caucasian ethnic groups, and states the presence of destructive stereotypes in media texts. The relevance of the material is explained by the negative consequences of interethnic confrontations, including those caused by conflictogenic texts in the media of the late twentieth century. The methodology of historical-semantic and cognitive-metaphorical analysis was applied, which revealed the linguistic structures at the basis of the formation of the audience's attitude towards the Caucasian peoples. After the collapse of the USSR, journalists used the construction "us and them", indirectly formed a negative reputation of national minorities, created barriers to their integration into the Russian identity, thus increasing socio-psychological tension in society, increasing social distance, influencing the processes of discrimination and isolation of the peoples of the Caucasus. In the modern global practice of convergence, "subject-to-subject" processes of mass communications, the influential potential of broadcast content has increased manifold. State control over the editorial policy of mass media should be strengthened, and personal responsibility of professional journalists for their work should be actualized. It is also necessary to support media education initiatives to increase the media literacy of the media audience. The results of the study can be used to rethink strategies for creating and promoting ethnic content.

Keywords: journalists' responsibility, Arguments and Facts, periodization, media education, consolidation of society, Caucasophobia, stereotypes, journalism, Caucasian image, image making

Abstract: The relevance of the study lies in clarifying the terminological status of newly formed units and describing the variety of ways to replenish terminological systems. The subject of the study is the models of terminological units of hydraulic engineering and procurement for state and municipal needs. The aim of the work is to represent the methods of derivation in the language of hydraulic engineering, as well as to identify and classify specific terminological combinations of these industries. The conducted research also made it possible to clarify the criteria for assigning terminological names to the following classes of words: term, quasi-term, pre-term. Practical significance implies the application of the results in the compilation of databases and materials for teaching professional communication in foreign languages. The perspective of the study is a contrastive analysis of these terminological systems in two or more languages in order to clarify the translation of terminological units.  The structural features of the terminological units are determined using contrastive analysis. The selection and comparison of terminological units were carried out on the basis of a solid sample of normative documents from the studied industries. The statistical analysis data demonstrated the frequency of formation of two-, three-, four-, etc. terminological names in hydraulic engineering and in the field of procurement. Practical significance implies the application of the results in the compilation of databases and materials for teaching professional communication in foreign languages. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that the accuracy of expressing the concepts of the new sphere of procurement for state and municipal needs is achieved through verbose models, the components of which are combined by an obligatory valence. The peculiarities of the hydraulic terminological system are the absence of five-, six- and seven-component models, which is largely compensated by the wealth of derivational means and is due to the "age" of this industry. The novelty of the work is determined by several factors: firstly, the terminological status of the quasi-term and pre-term is clarified, and secondly, the criterion of mandatory valence is justified to determine a verbose combination of words as a stable terminological name.

Keywords: models of terminological units, terminological phrases, semantics, terminology system, valency, quasi-term, preterm, term, procurement sphere, hydraulic engineering field

Abstract: The subject of the study is the British family chronicles created at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries by E. Howard, R. Pilcher, E. Rutherford, D. Lennox, G. Swift. These works are analyzed from the point of view of their didactic potential, which is understood here as the intention of translating ethical norms and values. This genre has become the pinnacle of the development of the English social novel. Its authors considered it their task to influence the reader in terms of educating a "moral sense" in him, assimilating ethical norms and understanding a distinct hierarchy of values. The classic of the genre was the "Saga of the Forsytes" by D. Galsworthy, which denied the norms of Victorian morality, and broadcast a new system of values and the idea of historical progress. The article examines the changes in the genre that appeared under the influence of the postmodern worldview. Comparative historical and typological methods of analysis are used to compare the genre dominants of family chronicles in the early twentieth century and their implementation at the turn of the twentieth and twenty first centuries. The novelty lies in the addition of ideas about the axiology of modern mass literature. At the end of the century, there was a revolution in public consciousness, which led to the fundamental destruction of any hierarchies in ethical terms and the denial of the very idea of a positive movement of history. The authors of modern family chronicles overcome the decentering of ethics. In most of the works they refer to the events of the Second World War. The very desire to recall these lessons of history and the unequivocal denial of the ideology of fascism is proof of the didactic potential of the novels in question. In addition, they create an idealized model of family life. The influence of the postmodern worldview is reflected in the non-linearity of artistic time, the fragmentation of depicted events, and the loss of the idea of historical progress. The analysis of the family chronicles of these authors allowed us to determine the formulas and stamps of the genre.

Keywords: decentralizing ethics, Elizabeth Howard, Edward Rutherfurd, Rosamunde Pilcher, didactic potential, axiology of literature, Great Britain, mass literature, non-linearity, family chronicle

Abstract: The subject of the study is the dividing issues-hedges in the speech of the British working class. The purpose of the work is to determine the features of their functioning as a means of speech fencing (hedging). The main communicative tasks for which representatives of the British working class resort to using the structure of the dividing question in order to hedge their statements are identified: expression of opinion, criticism, statement of fact, assumption, proposal, demand, request for information and intention. A number of patterns have also been identified when using ascending or descending nuclear tones in the second half of the dividing questions used as hedges. The material of the study is the dialogues of the characters, representatives of the modern London working class, of the movie "Sorry We Missed You" (2019, directed by K. Loach) in the original language.  The work uses linguistic and contextual analysis in order to classify the research material. Audit and electroacoustic analysis of statements were also carried out using the Praat program. The novelty of the study lies in the choice of material and subject of the study: the film "Sorry We Missed You" has not been considered by linguists as a material for analyzing the rhythmic dynamics of English speech, and the features of hedging in communication of the British working class remain extremely poorly studied. The study showed that hedging, allowing communicants to maintain each other's personal boundaries, is not always a means of making a statement polite, as it is often used even in conflict situations. The emotional state of the addressee does not reduce the need to apply a speech separation strategy (including using the structure of the dividing question), but it affects its rhythmic and melodic design. Other important factors in choosing the intonation of hedges are the desire to continue or end the conversation, as well as the gender of the speaker.

Keywords: linguistic hedging, disjunctive question, cinematic discourse, oral discourse, privacy, British working class, English linguaculture, hedges, hedging, prosody

Abstract: As the object of the research the author chooses the linguistic characteristics of the intertextual unit as the main form of realization in texts of the stylistic device based on borrowing textual elements from other texts. Despite a significant development of the intertextuality theory, the analysis of the theoretical framework in the field of intertextual interaction reveals a lack of knowledge of the linguistic aspects of functioning of intertexts both at the level of expression and meaning. In the article the author analyzes the basic structural particularities of the intertextual unit in postmodernist fiction. This kind of textual material was chosen because of high content of intertexts in this discoursive system, the fact conditioned by the interest of postmodernist writers to the capacities of the stylistic device described in the article. To delineate the content of the notion “intertextuality” according to the “broad” and “restricted” approaches, the author applies cognitive methods and carries out an experiment based on semiotic methods whose the aim was to describe the mechanisms of decrypting intertexts in non-verbal texts. Having analyzed the content of the term “intertextuality” according to the “broad” and “restricted” approaches from the cognitive and semiotic points of view, the author suggests differentiating two distinct phenomena. One of them, the stylistic device based on inclusion of different elements of other texts into a proper text, is under-researched from the linguistic point of view. The article presents main theoretical conclusions about the correlation between the plane of expression of intertexts and their source-texts, as well as the types and the role of the attribution as a key intertextual element. The conclusions may be used in intertext-making activity, e.g. in translation. They may also serve as the basis for further researches in this field.

Keywords: citation, precedent phenomenon, intertextual unit, linguistics of intertext, postmodernism, cognitive approach, semiotic approach, intertext, theory of intertextuality, allusion

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the multicultural phenomenon of the short stories by the popular writer of the Harbin diaspora A. P. Hejdok, who published the collection “The Stars of Manchuria” in 1934. The author of the article analyzes in detail the events in the works, the behavioral priorities and mindset of the characters, which organically reflect the cultural elements of China, Russia, Mongolia, Egypt, Manchurian ethnic groups, as well as biblical plots. The emphasis is on analyzing the mysterious world of China through Buddhism and Taoism. During the research, the following short stories in the collection were mainly studied: “Three Duds” (1932), “The Manchu Princess” (1930), “Miami” (1931), “The Temple of Dreams” (1932), “The Unknown” (1931), “The Dogs Howl” (1929) and “The Path” (1931). The article uses descriptive, hermeneutic, comparative, historical-literary and historical-cultural methods to analyze the texts. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the fact that for the first time a comprehensive, interdisciplinary, including cultural, analysis of the short stories in the collection “The Stars of Manchuria” was carried out, details not touched upon in previously published works were examined, and based on the analysis of the multicultural phenomenon, the artistic method in the short stories is determined for the first time. The research resulted in the following conclusions: 1. Hejdok in the collection integrates various cultural details in his own way, which make the works expressive, engaging, and contribute to the development of the plot. 2. The multicultural phenomenon gives the short stories of the collection myth-making characteristics against the backdrop of historical reality. By combining realistic description and this cultural phenomenon, Hejdok creates a distinctive prose similar to magic realism, the appearance of which coincides with the beginning of the writer’s creative path.

Keywords: Harbin diaspora, samsara, reincarnation, multiculturality, magic realism, China, karma, Taoism, Buddhism, Hejdok

Abstract: This article discusses unconditionals in Chinese. Conjunctions with unconditional meaning, which serve for the explicit transmission of meaning in a sentence, are chosen as a subject of research. The purpose of the study is to find the conjunctions with explicit expression of unconditionality in the Chinese language. In addition to Chinese, the Russian language is also considered for a comparative analysis of conjunctions in different languages. A comparative analysis is carried out for all types of unconditionality after the description of each section. In this article not only conjunctions with unconditional meaning, but also correlates (words which clarify the meaning of the condition in the first part of the sentence) and the order of two clauses (main and dependent) are compared. The research methods include the search for conjunctions and correlatives from Chinese dictionaries and grammars for a further distribution of them in groups, consideration of conjunctions’ semantic, combination and stylistic features through dictionaries. As Chinese unconditional sentences have been little studied among Russian typologists, this article contains a certain scientific novelty. As a result, three types of unconditionals have been identified in total: absolute, irreal and real. Due to the differentiation of conjunctions in sentences with the absence of a condition, it was found out that a variety of similar words in the Chinese language is as rich as in the Russian one. At the end there are two tables with all the conjunctions both in Russian and in Chinese. In this article Russian is less emphasized because it has been researched earlier by other typologists. This material can be useful not only for sinologists, but also for the specialists in general linguistics.

Keywords: clauses, correlatives, conjunctions, explicit expression, unconditional sentences, conditionals, unconditionals, the Chinese language, dictionary, corpus

Abstract: The article is devoted to clarifying the general patterns of intertextuality of modern news headlines in Russian and Chinese leading media against the background of globalization, informatization and digitalization. The subject is the intertextuality of digital media news headlines. The material is the headlines of the Russian and Chinese media leading digital information portals for 2023. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time a comprehensive comparative study was conducted on the main manifestations of intertextuality of world news headlines in modern Russian and Chinese leading digital media. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that digital technologies, hyperlinks, search engines, etc. have created a new unexplored textual reality in which news headlines form links with other texts in the context of the global digital Internet. The main research methods are functional-semantic, interpretative, linguistic and cultural analysis. The method of linguistic commenting was used to explain the headline texts of world news, the culturological method was used to explain the traditions of society reflected in the titles of online news articles. The contrastive method was used to identify common features of the news headlines of leading Russian and Chinese online media publications. The result of the study: intertextuality is characteristic of the news headlines of Russian and Chinese online publications, six main attributes of intertextuality of the headline texts of world news of Russian and Chinese leading digital media have been identified, such as citation, precedent, uncertainty, hypertextuality, polymodality and rhizomaticity. These attributes are widely used in the news headlines of Russian and Chinese digital media. The obtained research results can be the basis for the following studies and used in the practice of teaching university courses in such disciplines as linguistics, communication, cultural studies, political science, etc. The conclusions of the study are that the intertextuality of online media news headlines, as a concentrated manifestation of textual phenomena in the digital age, is characterized by rhizomatic diversity, entanglement, nonlinearity, polycode, openness and dynamism not only at the level of semantics, but also the form of the news headline text.

Keywords: polymodality, hypertextuality, uncertainty, precedent setting, citation, hypertext, digital media, news headline, intertextuality, rhizomatics

Abstract: The subject of this article is the linguistic means of creating a linguistic and cultural image of Tunisia in the memoirs of Galina Aleksandrovna Makhrova "My Tunisia". The studied linguistic units are considered as representatives of the linguistic and cultural codes of Tunisia – subject, spatial, biomorphic, temporal, spiritual. The linguistic and cultural code in the article refers to the verbally implemented code of national culture. The functions of such linguistic units as vocabulary with a national cultural component (vocabulary of the thematic groups "Clothes", "Cosmetics", "Food and drinks"), proper names (toponyms and anthroponyms), adjectives with a color component in the space of the Russian literary text are analyzed. The influence of the author's linguistic personality as a representative of another (Russian) linguistic culture and a representative of a certain profession (artist) on the choice of linguistic means of creating an image of the country as both his own and someone else's space is assessed. Research methods: descriptive method, methods of analysis and synthesis, linguistic and cultural analysis of a literary text, the method of continuous sampling of linguistic units with a national cultural component and the method of component analysis to identify culturally specific semes of their lexical meaning. The novelty of this study is related to the research material (memoirs of G.A. Makhrova) - the subject of the study (the linguistic and cultural codes of Tunisia are studied in terms of its perception by a native speaker of a different linguistic culture, who feels himself a part of both Tunisian and Russian linguistic cultures) - description of the linguistic and cultural code of Tunisia, taking into account the peculiarities of the linguistic personality of the author of the text: G.A. Makhrova perceives many linguistic and cultural details in a special way, since he is a professional artist. The analyzed language material allows us to draw the following conclusions: 1. In the Tunisian subject code, the linguistic units of the thematic groups "Clothing", "Cosmetics", "Food and drinks" are of particular importance. 2. The spatial code is mainly represented by toponyms, among which the names of hills, as well as beaches and resort towns predominate. Among proper names, a group of names associated with the history of Tunisia stands out, which creates the image of Tunisia as a country with a rich past, located at the crossroads of civilizations. 3. The phytonymic symbol of Tunisia in the work is jasmine. 4. G.A. Makhrova is a professional artist, and therefore adjectives of color play a significant role in creating the image of Tunisia. 5. The names of the deities are associated with the spiritual code of Tunisia.

Keywords: the spiritual code, the subject code, the somatic code, Tunisia, Makhrova Galina Alexandrovna, linguistic and cultural image, the linguistic and cultural code, cultural linguistics, the time code, the biomorphic code

Abstract: The object of research in this article is a novel by Mark Z. Danilevsky's "House of Leaves" in the context of postmodernism. The subject of the study was the mythical element of the novel (ash Yggdrasil). This element is considered as a hermeneutic key to the interpretation of the novel by Mark Z. Danilevsky's "House of Leaves". Also, the subject of the study is space and time in the novel, inextricably linked with the mythical component of the works. As a result, a detailed analysis of the mythical component of the "House of Leaves" is given in the context of the poetics of postmodernism, as well as some characteristics of the space-time of the novel. Hermeneutical interpretation is performed using the poem "Yggdrasil", located on the last page of the novel, as a symbolic key. The grapheme "Yggdrasil" and the symbolism of the components of the limit tree in their relation to the exemplification of the structure of the novel as a whole are analyzed. The mechanism of the inclusion of the work in the context of world literature is described through the actualization of semantic and etymological inclusions of mythical motifs about the creation of the world in the text of the "House of Leaves". The analysis of intertextual references to Egyptian mythology through the symbols of the ouroboros and the solar disk is given. The plot of the path of the sun god Ra in the "House of Leaves" is analyzed. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that we have analyzed the symbolic detail in the novel: the hidden symbolism of the "Ash Tree" as the tree of the limit; elements of biblical mythology; the image of the inverted world; labyrinth, stairs. The interpretation of the work as a model of the world is considered, where the ambiguity of mythological and spatio-temporal layers, based on the inevitable symbolic references-threads, function as an instrument of appeal to the cultural unconscious. The connection of the mythologies of Egypt, Tibet, the texts of the "Upanishads" and "Kabbalah", as well as the artistic and literary intertext with the "House of Leaves" is analyzed. As a result of this hermeneutic analysis, an ironic postmodern interpretation of the work of Mark Z. is described. Danilevsky through the symbolism of emptiness (unselfishness).

Keywords: ouroboros, Yggdrasil, space, time, myth, modernism, postmodernism, House of Leaves, symbol, rootless

Abstract: The subject of the study is the semantics of the lexemes gadget and device in the modern Russian language. The spheres of use of these words, semantic differences and similarities between them, and their stylistic specificity are discussed. As sources of linguistic information about the functioning of lexemes, the data of the Russian National Corpus, the results of an Internet search and a questionnaire were used. The article reveals the multiple meanings of the words gadget and device in the modern Russian language. The YandexGPT neural network was used to verify the selected word meanings. The results obtained do not coincide with the data presented in modern explanatory dictionaries. The word-formative productivity of borrowed bases is noted – non-formal derivatives of different parts of speech are consistently formed from them. A descriptive method was used in the article. Based on the innovative nature of denotative realities and the inconsistent lexicographic description of the corresponding lexemes in modern dictionaries, the article applied an onomasiological approach ("from thing to word"). The scientific novelty consists in the fact that for the first time a comparative semantic study of these lexemes was carried out using the above methods, their regular meanings and stylistic specificity were revealed. The analysis made it possible to draw conclusions: lexical neologisms naming innovative devices are inconsistently described by modern dictionaries, their study is an important task and requires modern research methods with the use of computer technologies; the words gadget and device are hyperonyms in relation to the lexical units of the field "Personal computing devices", they have both semantic differences and similarities and are actively adapted in modern Russian-speaking usage. The communicative relevance of these words is evidenced by the possibility of their indirect ironic use as a means of designating almost any object.

Keywords: use of neural network data, paronymic attraction, word-formative derivation, adaptation of anglicisms, borrowing, neological vocabulary, device, gadget, lexical-semantic field, personal computing device

Abstract: The object of the study is Bulgakov’s play “Zoyka’s Apartment”, and the subject was the images of the Chinese, created by the author. The discursive representation of foreign cultural elements in Russian literature of the 1920s, the role of Chinese images in the plot, their place in the structure of characters are studied. “Chinese” theme is examined, an analysis of characters belonging to a different culture is provided, their ideological and artistic essence and the author’s manner of creating ethnic flavor are revealed. The author of the article connects the images of the Chinese created by the writer with his understanding of the historical and cultural events in the Soviet Union in the 1920s, with stereotypical and historically based ideas about the Chinese. The research is conducted on the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative, contextual, and interpretive methods. The main approach has become a comprehensive one, which allows us to consider images of the Chinese as components of the discursive structure of the work. The scientific novelty of the study is the identification of the special discursive representation that foreign cultural specifics received in Bulgakov’s play. In the depiction of Chinese heroes the author uses the techniques of grotesqueness, parody, sarcasm, and irony. Such qualities of the Chinese as love for the Motherland, the desire to demonstrate strength and defend their own honor, readiness to sacrifice, adventurous thinking, activity, being in constant motion, are depicted in close connection with the Soviet historical and cultural context of the 1920s. It is concluded that the images of the Chinese are paradoxical, ambiguous, contradictory: they participate in the author’s creation of illusory, borderline space and at the same time help to depict it accurately, taking into account historical, cultural, and temporal realities.

Keywords: irony, sarcasm, Chinese theme, Chinese flavor, discursive representation, foreign cultural discourse, images of the Chinese, figurative system, Mikhail Bulgakov, Zoyka’s Apartment

Abstract: The regional press plays an important role in the formation of the urban media space. The article examines the adaptation features of the Russian regional press to the changing the digital environment conditions. Despite the slight increase in circulation and audience of print media, the Russian regional press continues to experience a number of difficulties associated with a lack of funding, influence from government agencies, the implementation of government tasks, an aging audience, and publication of news in printed editions with a long delay. Publications are trying to adapt to changing conditions, looking for new ways not only to earn money, but also to attract an audience. Some sites are either a copy of the printed edition or are updated quite rarely. Nevertheless, digitalization does not mean the death of the Russian regional press. The study was based on interviews conducted by the authors in 2021-2023 with the heads of Russian regional newspapers. The authors also conducted a content analysis of materials posted on newspaper websites. The article is the first to examine successful cases of regional press. To attract the widest possible number of subscribers and, in general, active consumers of information products, the content of regional media must be exclusive, prompt, reliable, dialogic (providing different points of view), and multimedia. Unfortunately, Internet resources of Russian regional print media do not always meet these criteria. Digitalization does not mean death for traditional media; it is rather a new opportunity to conquer new “territories”, attract audiences, and implement new tasks. However, the development of local publications is hampered by the policies of government agencies that put pressure on editorial offices. Officials do not understand the specifics of journalistic work. Only a few regional publications manage to cope with existing problems, find sources of funding and attract new audiences.

Keywords: Digitalization, Media Convergence, The Mass Media and casual networks, The Mass Media and Telegram channels, Internet additions of the Mass Media, Regional journalism, Municipal press, Regional newspapers, Regional magazines, Government and the Mass Media

Abstract: This study is devoted to the nuances of metaphor and metonymy translation, in particular, to the works of Guillaume Apollinaire and their Russian translations. The article begins by defining the theoretical foundations of metaphor and metonymy, drawing on linguistic and cognitive theories to emphasise their importance in literary discourse. It then provides a thorough analysis of Apollinaire's unique stylistic elements, highlighting the fusion of visual and verbal poetics and how these aspects pose a challenge to the translator. The main part of the study is an in-depth analysis of selected Apollinaire works, offering a comparative analysis of the original French texts and their Russian counterparts. This segment highlights the difficulties inherent in translating Apollinaire's rich metaphorical and metonymic language, marked by a characteristic combination of visual imagery and linguistic innovation. The study uses a range of linguistic examples to demonstrate both successful and problematic translation solutions, providing a multifaceted insight into the translation process. The paper then examines the specific difficulties of translating metaphor and metonymy into Russian, given the linguistic and cultural differences between French and Russian. It presents various translation techniques such as substitution, modulation and word-for-word translation and evaluates their effectiveness in bridging the gap between the two languages. The study also critically examines examples where direct translation fails to convey the essence of the original, emphasising the importance of cultural context and idiomatic appropriateness in translation. The conclusion summarises the findings, highlighting the crucial role of cultural and cognitive considerations when translating metaphors and metonymies.

Keywords: Guillaume Apollinaire, French-Russian linguistic comparison, translation methodology, poetic imagery, intercultural communication, cognitive linguistics, Russian fiction translation, metaphor and metonymy, translation studies, cultural interpretation

Abstract: This article is devoted to the linguistic and cultural description of the national personality in Russian and Chinese. The subject of this study is the Russian and Chinese language personality. The object of this study represents national cultural similarities and differences; Russian and Chinese national personalities. The purpose of the study is to identify universal and national-specific linguistic and cultural features of Russian and Chinese national personalities based on phraseological units, proverbs of Russian and Chinese languages, which reflect the concept of "religion". The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the lexico-semantic and linguocultural analysis of phraseological units, proverbs of religious subjects can be used in educational activities in courses of lexicology, linguoculturology, linguistic and cultural studies, sociolinguistics. The provisions and conclusions of the study can be applied in lexicographic practice in compiling dictionaries of phraseological units, as well as in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language, spreading Chinese culture in Russia. To solve the problem, the following research methods are used: the method of continuous sampling of material from dictionaries of the Russian and Chinese languages, the method of linguistic and cultural commentary and the comparative-contrastive method. Russian and Chinese national personalities are analyzed for the first time in the article, which has not previously been described in the aspect of comparative linguoculturology, the traditional national religious value of Russian and Chinese personalities is considered for the first time, their stereotypical ideas and character traits under the influence of religion are indicated. This is the scientific novelty of this study. The research shows that phraseological units and proverbs with the concept of religion recorded in Russian and Chinese lexicographic sources differ in quantity and content. The universal traditional religious values of the compared national personalities include faith in the existence of evil and good spirits, love of kindness and the idea of the goodness of human nature. Unlike the Russian people, the Chinese national personality is characterized by non-religion. For the Chinese personality, such religious values as longevity and immortality, great kindness, the desire for a simple life and love of nature, reward for good and evil, the concept of cause and effect, pious faith in the Buddha are of great importance; and for the Russian, a sense of guilt, thirst for suffering and the self-worth of the sacrifice itself, kindness, hard work, patience and faith.

Keywords: character traits, proverbs, phraseological units, linguoculturology, Chinese, Russian, Russian national personality, Chinese national personality, cultural values, religion

Abstract: This article represents an in-depth linguistic analysis of the use of green color in the Russian and French languages. The richness of phraseological expressions and lexical turns associated with this color is examined in diverse contexts. The primary focus is on denoting plants, nature, and metaphorical meanings, such as associations with youth and emotions. The study covers various domains of green color use, including its connection with playing cards, money, and alcohol. The author aims to uncover how the color interacts with cultural concepts and perceptions in different linguocultural environments of Russian and French languages, providing a profound understanding of the multilayered semantics of the color green. The research is based on a comprehensive analysis of linguistic materials, including a comparative analysis of phraseological units in Russian and French. Methods of semantic analysis, cultural context, and historical-linguistic comparison are applied. The work relies on authentic texts and integrates cultural and linguistic history to reveal nuanced aspects of green color usage. The study offers a deep analysis of phraseological units involving the green color, identifying their cultural, linguistic, and semantic aspects in the context of Russian and French languages. The work unveils common features and unique characteristics of green color usage, providing readers with a profound understanding of its significance in various linguistic and cultural paradigms. The scientific novelty lies in the full-scale analysis of linguistic material and the exploration of the influence of cultural factors on color perception in language. The research enriches linguistic science, offering valuable insights into the realm of cultural interaction through the language prism. It inspires further investigations into the semantics of color and linguistic anthropology, introducing new perspectives and understanding into discussions on the impact of color perception on cultural norms and customs.

Keywords: Semantic Analysis, Research, Denotation of Plants, Youth and Emotions, Money, Cultural Interaction, Linguo-Cultures, Cultural Aspects, Phraseological Expressions, Green Color

Abstract: The article is devoted to the understanding of patriotism according to M.A. Sholokhov. The theme of love for the Motherland is consistently considered in the works of various periods of the famous Soviet writer's work. Being a direct participant in the fateful events for the USSR, Sholokhov managed to reflect patriotism as a multilevel and, at times, contradictory concept. The analysis of the patriotic model of behavior on the example of the main characters and supporting characters of the writer's works is considered in the context of such plot and compositional elements as binary oppositions (good - evil, truth – lies, honor – inhumanity, mercy – cruelty, personal – collective). The description of this concept is accompanied by an appeal to the categories of space and time, an understanding of the ideological, moral and spiritual dominants that guide the literary heroes of the works. Patriotism, presented in the historical context of M.A. Sholokhov's literary heritage, should be considered as a constant that contributes to the reflection of the character and registers the internal logical connections of this constant, its meaningful content throughout the plot. The patriotic paradigm of the worldview of the writer's artistic works is characterized not only by the ability to motivate sacrificial acts, but also by the prerequisite to form the basis for a conflict of personalized positions and views. Using the example of the heroes of his works, M.A. Sholokhov shows us, the readers, what a true patriot should be. It is stated that the artistic heritage of the Master in modern socio-political realities can successfully contribute to the patriotic education of Russian youth, since fiction has a serious impact on the upbringing of a personality, on its inner potential and the choice of moral and ethical guidelines, and contribute to the formation of high moral qualities of a person.

Keywords: Mikhail Sholokhov, Homeland, protection of the Fatherland, war, traditional culture, realism, The Don Cossacks, artistic image, literary creativity, patriotism

Abstract: Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is a well-known Russian writer and playwright in China. During his life, he created many works that are familiar to the Chinese readers. It is generally recognized that Chekhov's plays open a new page in the history of drama and theater. The Cherry Orchard, Chekhov's last work, is considered one of his most mature dramatic works and today has a debatable character in literary criticism, its interpretations are offered to the audience on the theater stage all over the world, including in China. This article aims to trace the evolution of the reception of the named work in Chinese critical thought, as well as to reflect the history of the productions of The Cherry Orchard in the theater of China. The subject of this work is the reception of the play "The Cherry Orchard" in Chinese literary criticism, the study of the history of its translation and staging in various historical periods in China. The main research methods used are descriptive and historical. The author of the study tries to characterize the main features of the perception of the work and productions of The Cherry Orchard in China, which are determined by the change in the socio-historical conditions of the state. Critical and literary works of Chinese researchers of A.P. Chekhov's work are used as material for analysis. In this regard, the present study seems to be relevant, since the author develops a scientific discussion around the Chekhov work under consideration. The theoretical novelty of the article lies in the fact that the works of Chinese literary critics are introduced into scientific circulation, devoted to the problems of reception of the images of the play, its plot and ideological originality, and analyzes the performances of "The Cherry Orchard" by Chinese directors.

Keywords: staging, interpretation, perception, translation, literary criticism, reception, China, play, The Cherry Orchard, Chekhov

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to clarify the specifics of the phraseological representation of legal concepts that have colour elements in their composition in the English and Russian legal discourse. The subject of the study is phraseological units with colour designation in English and Russian, used in legal texts. By studying the phraseological fund of the language, the general and specific features of the worldview of representatives of the compared linguistic cultures are clarified. The application of the means of colour designation in the phraseological component of the legal discourse contributes to the establishment of the peculiarities of the national-cultural mentality. The following methods were used in the course of the study: classification method, semantic method, modeling, quantitative method of processing the results obtained. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the study of legal phraseological units with a colour component that have not previously been considered when comparing English and Russian. As a result of the work carried out, we received information for the first time that the system of colour designation in the transmission of English legal concepts by metaphorical or metonymic transfer is much more developed than similar phraseological units in the Russian language. This phenomenon is explained by the development and stability of the common law system based on the principle of historicism and continuity, as well as the possibility of fixing the figurative perception of legal concepts in formal legal discourse. A significant part of the examples selected for the study demonstrates psycholinguistic patterns in their formation and functioning in language, and more specifically, in legal texts.

Keywords: linguistic culture, phraseological unit, comparison, legal discourse, colour element, phraseological picture of the world, language picture of the world, the English language, the Russian language, phraseological dictionary

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to identify the hypertext features of a professional blog in the space of the Internet environment. The professional type of blog is a separate unit of the Internet environment and is characterized by a hypertext structure within the framework of Internet communication. The article analyzes the main structural and content characteristics of a professional blog from the point of view of the hypertext organization of the Internet environment. The study is based on the material of the English language. The theoretical significance is determined by the fact that the data obtained make it possible to deepen knowledge about such important aspects of modern linguistics as the linguistic nature of electronic hypertext, its structural and substantive aspects. In addition, the study of hypertext features of professional English-language blogs contributes to the development of the theory of speech genres in the context of Internet communication. The practical significance of the research is reflected in the fact that its results can be used in the process of teaching general language theory, the basics of computational linguistics, sociolinguistics, pragmalinguistics, as well as in the development of elective courses on Internet communication. Using the methods of continuous sampling and description, the study analyzed the text units of 3 professional blogs of large foreign companies conducted in English. As a result, it was revealed that the professional type of blog is a hypertext unit of the Internet environment, representing a frame model with periodically updated author's posts, hypertext links, and comments. Despite the large number of works devoted to the study of hypertext, its organization and genre affiliation, there is currently no single and generally recognized typology of hypertext in the context of the professional variety of blogs, its creation is one of the priorities of modern researchers due to the rapid development of blog technologies. The scientific novelty lies in the approach that was taken to study the structural and content features of hypertext in the context of other types of blogs. In this regard, the basic principles of this approach are analyzed, the defining features of a blog are identified, taking into account its professional variety. Special attention was paid to the structure of electronic hypertext: the functional differentiation of hypertext links and ways of organizing links between hypertexts were considered.

Keywords: hypertext structure, frame structure, comments, Internet environment, hypertext link, hypertext unit, structural and content features, professional type of blog, blog, hypertext

Abstract: The article presents the methodology of research in the field of descriptive diachronic spelling. The aim of the work is to develop a system of criteria for choosing spelling variants at different stages of the formation of the studied orthogram. The need for such a system is justified both by the description of the diachronic analysis process and by a specific example of such an analysis. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of such important concepts for the theory of writing as "usage", "norm", "codification" and the relationship between these concepts. Special attention is paid to the question of the legality of the use of the term "customary norm", for which the arguments confirming the incorrectness of this term are considered in detail. In addition, the problems of correlation between the principles of spelling as tools of descriptive (descriptive) spelling and the rules as a result of the activities of orthologists codifying the norms of writing are discussed. The system of criteria for descriptive spelling is based on the system of rules of prescriptive spelling, namely the rules of modern spelling from the new electronic resource "Spelling commentary of the Russian Dictionary" (OROSS) by E. V. Beshenkova, O. E. Ivanova, E. V. Tenkova. The novelty of the results obtained in the article is due to the lack of research methodology in the field of descriptive diachronic spelling. The paper reveals such important concepts for the theory of writing as "usage", "norm", "codification" and clarifies the relationship between these concepts. As a result, the illegality of the use of the term "customary norm" was established, for which the arguments confirming the incorrectness of this term were considered in detail, in particular, that in certain contexts the terms "usage" and "norm" can be used indifferently. The result of the work was a system of criteria for choosing spelling options at different stages of the formation of the orthogram. The development of an original system of criteria for choosing spelling variants was carried out on the basis of a modern set of spelling rules. The scope of the research results is determined by describing the process of diachronic analysis of the orthogram and illustrated by a specific example of such analysis.

Keywords: The history of spelling, criteria for choosing a spelling, spelling rules, writing standards, changing the norm, the formation of an orthogram, descriptive spelling, diachronic spelling, rules of Russian spelling, the history of writing

Abstract: The subject of the article is the semantics, structure and plot functioning of the character system in the Yakut heroic epic. The object of the study is the olonkho "Bogatyr Tong Saar" by Semyon Nikolaevich Karataev, which is one of the exemplary texts of the Vilyuisk epic tradition, recorded during the Vilyuisk expedition of 1938. The relevance of the work is due to the need for a detailed study of the system of characters of the Yakut heroic epic, determining their role in the development of the Olonkho plot, identifying new images. The purpose of the article is to reveal the system of epic characters of the Yakut heroic epic "Bogatyr Tong Saar" by S. N. Karataev. The results obtained can be applied in the field of folklore studies in the development of issues of poetics of an epic text, in the compilation of educational and methodological manuals on Yakut folklore. Structural and functional analysis developed by the famous Russian folklorist V. Ya. Propp is used as the main research method. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the system of characters of this legend is studied using the methodology of V. Y. Propp. As a result, it was concluded that the olonkho "Bogatyr Tong Saar" by S. N. Karataev presents a whole system of character images. It was determined that in addition to the characters conditioned by the two parts of the olonkho narrative, images of antagonists – heroes, women-abaasi, rivals play an essential role in the unfolding of the plot. It was revealed that in this text a significant place is occupied by the hero's assistants, the wrecker / kidnapper of the hero's wife (the Tunguska bogatyr). Girls / women are passive, but they play a role in motivating the departure of the hero. In the plot of olonkho, there are images of the parents of the bride / wife, a messenger, an old woman adviser Simekhsin, a victim servant, a blacksmith donor, which are not of great importance in the development of the plot, but complement the main images and contribute to their disclosure.

Keywords: image, plot, type of hero, hero, system of characters, character, olonkho, Yakut heroic epic, functions, Vilyui epic tradition

Abstract: During the Polish uprising of 1863, L.N. Tolstoy expressed a desire to go to war again, as is known from his letter to A.A. Fet dated May 1-3 and from S.A. Tolstoy's diary dated September 22, 1863. As a result, the very military-political context of 1863, in which this desire was formed, remained practically unexplored. It remained unclear which Polish or pan-European events could actualize Tolstoy's desire in May and September 1863, why this desire is now escalating, then, obviously, retreating. In this article we will fill this gap by recreating the foreign policy context of 1863 on the basis of newspaper reports about the Polish uprising in April-May and September. In the early 60s, the Polish uprising entailed the intervention of Western powers in the conflict. This led to a diplomatic struggle between the Russian Empire and the Western powers. The focus of our attention will be publications from the "Moscow Vedomosti" edited by M.N. Katkov, which Tolstoy most likely followed. The main method of research is comparative and cultural-historical. Using these methods, we analyze in detail what exactly happened in May and September 1863 in the theater of operations in Poland and in the diplomatic spheres of Europe. Recreating the international situation of that time, we will prove that Tolstoy's desire to "take the sword off the rusty nail", about which he wrote to Fet, arose at the most critical moments for European diplomacy, when a new war between Russia and a coalition of Western states (like the Patriotic or Crimean) seemed almost inevitable. And the disappearance of his desire is connected with the elimination of this military threat. This proves that at the time of the beginning of work on "War and Peace", the writer was still quite closely following the modern political agenda, although he refused to participate in the war, the thought of it did not pass without a trace and left an imprint on his artistic imagination. Tolstoy then offered the reader of War and Peace a generally peaceful view of relations between peoples.

Keywords: Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov, western powers, The Patriotic War, War and Peace, press, Moscow Vedomosti, Leo Tolstoy, diplomacy, Polish uprising, Mikhail Nikiforovich Katkov

Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze the genre form of a short story on the example of Jhumpa Lahiri’s short prose in the aspect of the phenomenon of romanization. The subject of the study is the determination of the features of romanization disclosed in the genre structure of the second part of short stories’s collection «Unaccustomed Earth» entitled «Hema and Kaushik». As an object of research the three stories («Once in a Lifetime», «Year’s End», «Going Ashore») united by a common plot were chosen which form the second part of the collection. The relevance of the work is explained by the fact that the study of works of modern multicultural and postcolonial literature in the genre aspect allows us to reveal the features of the functioning and modification of stable genre forms in the literary process. The method of structural analysis and the comparative method have made it possible to examine the process of romanization on the compositional, subjective and spatial–temporal levels of the text and reveal the correlation of the short story form with the American tradition of the genre. The scientific novelty consists in applying the new approach to the analysis of the genre form of this collection within the framework of the concept of romanization. The study concludes that the romanization of a short story is based on the complication of compositional, subjective and spatial–temporal organizations. This leads to the integration of the stories into a cohesive narration united by the several main characters whose names gave the title to the second part of the collection. Besides, the genre strategies of a short story including a narrator’ figure, covering a single event of the past are putting in the front which is expressed in the use of the ending like in a novella.

Keywords: space, subject, composition, novella, novel, short story, romanization, genre, Jhumpa Lahiri, time

Abstract: The article is devoted to the most frequent anthroponymic lexemes that are used within the framework of the discipline "Classical Literature". The subject of the research was the upper part (the first ten in terms of frequency of anthroponyms) of the frequency dictionary, compiled on the basis of textbooks on the specified subject area. Anthroponyms are presented in the article both in a short and in their full version, that is, taking into account cognomen or prenomen. The research methodology consists in a combination of quantitative automated and manual analysis, and contextual analysis was also applied. The scientific novelty of the conducted research lies in the differentiation of thematic and non-thematic anthroponyms and in identifying the reasons for the usage of names in sections and chapters of the textbook that are not devoted to them. In the course of the research, it was found out that the fundamental factor that influences the quantitative indicators of the use of a particular lexeme is the thematic affiliation of a particular textbook. This approach makes it possible to distinguish the center (where the frequency thematic anthroponyms are located) and the periphery (where the infrequent non-thematic anthroponyms are located) of the onomastic space. In addition to this difference, common indicators for all textbooks were also identified. Most of the units (49 from 50) included in the top ten in frequency are used in the content of textbooks not only in the sections devoted to them, but also in others, which deal with other personalities. Such usage of the names of real historical figures suggests an increase in their importance within the framework of the discipline "Classical Literature". In addition, it was possible to identify and classify the reasons for such use of names.

Keywords: onomastic space, textbooks, anthroponyms, Classical literature discipline, lexical and grammatical basis, common-core vocabulary list, contextual analysis, word list, manual processing of textbooks, computer processing of textbooks

Abstract: The subject of the study is the concepts “Motherland” and “State”, their synonyms and associative images in Russian songs and Russian language, including Russian phraseological units, proverbs and sayings. The first concept is understood as a small homeland and a large homeland. Each person has his own small homeland, which is associated with place of birth, family, house, street, village, town, etc. The large homeland in a broad sense refers to the native country. The small homeland is part of the big homeland. These concepts play a role in the formation of Russian person’s national consciousness, spiritual values, worldview, character and personality. The purpose of this work is to clarify their meanings and differences in Russian language and in Russian people’s consciousness. Research methods include descriptive, associative, comparative methods, methods of synthesis and generalization, and semantic analysis. When analyzing and comparing the concepts “Motherland” and “State”, this work examines the images reflected in the texts of Russian songs about these concepts and language examples in Russian phraseological dictionaries. The conducted research shows that the term “Motherland”, associated with national history, culture and ethnic identity, has a spiritual psychological flavor. The term “State” with a social meaning is defined as a political, legal, economic form of organization of human society. This concept is associated with the images of “law”, “authority”, “army/armed force”, “citizen”, etc. Clarifying the differences in their semantics in Russian language helps speakers of other linguistic cultures to better understand their significance in Russian people’s history, culture and consciousness, their role and influence on the formation of Russian people’s national psychology and spiritual world. The study of these concepts has prospects for expanding foreign students' vocabulary, deeper understanding of the Russian language, culture, people, its spiritual world and their relationships and enriching their cultural, linguistic and personal experience.

Keywords: proverbs, phraseological units, Russian song, spiritual world, personality, concept, state, homeland, Russian language, sayings

Abstract: The object of the study is a textual staple "another thing that", which was formed on the basis of the noun "thing". The subject of the study is its structural, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties. The purpose of this article is to present the results of the analysis of the specified properties of the staple and, on this basis, to show the features of its functioning in modern Russian. One of the aspects of consideration is the analysis of contextual modifications of the staple and the establishment of its main variant. Syntactically, its ability to function both in the text and in a complex sentence is analyzed. The main attention is paid to determining the type of relationship that a staple establishes between fragments of text, and identifying the dependence of the type of relationship on the semantics of the components that make up the staple. Considerable attention is paid to the pragmatic properties of the staple, its ability to convey the evaluative opinion of the speaker is considered. The material for the analysis was text fragments obtained with the help of the National Corpus of the Russian Language (NKRR). The material was collected using a continuous sampling method, as well as using the "lexico-grammatical search" option in the main newspaper and oral corpus of the NKRR. Descriptive and quantitative research methods were used in the analysis of linguistic material. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time a detailed analysis of the features of the functioning of the structure is presented in modern literary texts and media texts. As a result of the study, it was found that in the vast majority of cases, a paperclip "another thing that" functions in the text as a "text paperclip". The main variant of the bond is a structure that includes the union "what". This text staple establishes a contradictory relationship between fragments of text, which is due to the semantics of the pronominal adjective "another" that is part of it. The pragmatic component of the staple is its ability to reflect the speaker's position in terms of evaluating situations opposed in the text and indicate a change of sign from plus to minus, and vice versa.

Keywords: opposition, textual connector, means of communication, functional words, text, pragmatics, semantics, syntax, appraisal, pronoun adjective

Abstract: A while after the compilation of the Sanskrit grammar called "Aṣṭādhyāyī" (≈ V century BC) by the ancient Indian linguist Pāṇini, commentators of this treatise began to formulate numerous metarules guiding to the correct interpretation of grammatical rules. The object of our study are these post-Pāṇinian metarules, also known as paribhāṣās. They describe the metalanguage developed by Panini, varieties of technical use of language’s expressive means in the "Aṣṭādhyāyī", they also help resolve contradictions that arise when reading grammatical rules and settle priorities in the execution sequence of grammatical operations. The material of the study are metarules collected and commented on by the Sanskrit grammarian of the XVII century AD Nīlakaṇṭhadīkṣita in his work "Commentary on paribhāṣās" (Paribhāṣāvṛtti). The purpose of our work is to expose the content of the "Commentary on the paribhāṣās", to classify the metarules collected in this work, to indicate their purpose. The method of the work is a structural and hermeneutical study of the text. For the first time, a detailed analysis of the Nīlakaṇṭhadīkṣita's "Commentary on the paribhāṣās" and the classification of the metarules collected in this work were carried out. For the first time in Russian-language literature, the content of a large number of post-Pāṇinian metarules of Sanskrit grammar "Aṣṭādhyāyī" is exhibited, as well as biographical data about the grammarian Nīlakaṇṭhadīkṣita is revealed.

Keywords: sūtra, Aṣṭādhyāyī, metarule, interpretative rule, paribhāṣā, Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita, grammar, sanskrit, metalanguage, Pāṇini