Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the questions of interinfluence of digital and traditional economy in the regions of the Russian Federation. On the one hand, digital economy stimulates the development of traditional economy; while on the other hand, digitalization requires acquisition of equipment, digital communication services, software, and recruitment of qualified personnel. The interaction of digital and traditional economies differs in the regions with commodity sector, industrial regions, mixed economy regions, metropolitan areas, and territories with low population density. The growing importance of digital economy in the overall development of the regions and the country requires comprehensive examination of digitalization processes with regards to both, economy and society. The scientific novelty consists in the use of big data for tracing correlations between the available indicators of development of digital economy and various aspects of traditional economy established in the Russian region. Based on the database of the Unified Interdepartmental Information Statistical System, the author constructed scatter diagrams, calculated correlation coefficients and trend lines to determine the interdependence of these indicators. The article examined the link between the number of personal computers in the region, level of public access to the Internet, GRP, cost of labor, and users of satellite communication systems. The author determines the instances of positive and negative interinfluence, and discusses the probable causes their different vector.

Keywords: innovation, economic development, digitalization, digital economy, regions, Russian Federation, internet, scatterplots, trends, interplay

Abstract: This article reviews the theoretical-graph approach towards transport and logistic systems, which allows describing key details and processes that take place therein. The question of searching for an effective solution of transport and logistics tasks and dependence of such solutions to throughput of the system and the value of the seepage coefficient. This article offers to use seepage theory as an applied instrument for describing and solving transport and logistics tasks. The indicated approach is innovative and original, which may be very promising in the context of global transport planning and management. The essence of this method, based on adaptation of seepage theory for solution of the typical transport and logistics tasks, is reduced to operation of surface run-off and origin on the graph. The model for assessment of the global throughput of transport and logistics system is developed on the basis of the methods of seepage and multidrain flow models. The author offers a model calculation of the impact of holdups upon transport and logistics systems and the tasks solved thereof. A theoretical-graph model, which reflects the structure of transport and logistics system, describes the objects and processes common to transport and logistics tasks. The toolset of graph theory allows solving the specific transport and logistics tasks, as well examining the structural properties of the system, building predictive models, as well as developing new approaches towards solving of these tasks. The characteristics of graph are correlated with the actual network, system and task, as well as with the characteristics of transport or logistics flows examined for the purpose of optimization of topological structure of the system and solution of other tasks.

Keywords: model, congestion, seepage ratio, throughput, dynamic graph, solution efficiency, transport and logistics systems, flow planning, structural dynamics, graph-theoretical approach

Abstract: The downturn in tourism sector due to the COVID-2020 pandemic requires active measures taken by the governments towards reorientation of national tourism markets towards domestic tourism. The subject of this article is the economic health of tourism. The object is the tourism market of the Russian Federation. The article is dedicated to statistical analysis of the Russian tourism market. The research methodology is based on the systematic approach towards management. Using the official data of Rosstat, the author examines the 2014 – 2019 period of development of the tourism market. The analysis of the results of 2020 is conducted via using relevant statistical data and expert evaluations published by the recognized organizations. Description is given to the current concept of tourism market, adopted by Rosstat for data collection. The author provides the results of comparison of the official statistical data that reflect the situation and trends in the development of Russian tourism market over the period from 2014 to 2019. Assessment is given to the long-term trends that determine the pre-crisis state of the tourism market. The conclusion is made on the growth of tourism market in the indicated period. The article reveals the peculiarities of consumer behavior developed in the market by the end of 2019. Sustained imbalance of the demand for international tourism is observed. The key outcome of the crisis for tourism sector 2020 are presented in form of comparison of numerical data in the beginning and in the end of the year. The trends established in the behavior of consumers and companies are described. The author underlines the need for comprehensive management of the market in order to fulfill the potential of domestic tourism.

Keywords: inbound tourism, outbound tourism, domestic tourism, tourism, economic growth, statistical analysis, market development, pandemia COVID-19, tourist market, trends

Abstract: The subject of this research is the development of the domestic service sector within the framework of digitalization of economic space. The goal consists in determination of the processes of dependence of the development of service sector in the context of digital transformation of the economy of the Russian Federation at the current stage of development of the national economy. The author sets the following tasks: to analyze the key economic indicators of the development of service sector in the Russian Federation; to reveal the peculiarities of digital transformation of business in this sphere; to determine the development patterns in service sector under the influence of digital processes. As a result, the author identifies the patterns and trends in the development of service sector under the influence of digital processes – increase in activity ratio and decrease in staff size. The acquired materials can be used for promoting the development of service sector on the macro- and micro-levels, which defines the value of this research. The scientific novelty consists in the formed matrix of interrelation between the development of separate branches of service sector and the processes of business digitalization. The article reveals heterogeneity in the sphere of digitalization of business processes in the service sector of the Russian Federation, as well as the trend of relative increase of the efficiency of enterprises in the industries characterized by high digital activity.

Keywords: commerce, development, digital processes, service sector, digital transformation, digitalization, digital economy, transport, communications industry, financial services

Abstract: Differences between the territories in economic-geographical situation, socioeconomic development, and political conditions of economic activity, the accumulated knowledgebase and competences, generate nonuniformity of the innovation space, where each region is unique and has its own innovative trajectory of innovative development trajectory. The subject of this research is the the process of formation and development of the regional innovation system (RIS) of Primorsky Region. The hypothesis is advanced that the RIS of Primorsky Region has certain peculiarities substantiated by the impact of economic-geographical location, which are reflected in engraining the specificity of marine management in localized innovation processes. The object of this research is the Kaliningrad Oblast located on the coast of the Baltic Sea. The article covers the period from 1945 to 1990, which allowed determining the peculiarities of the three stages of the life cycle of RIS  (origin, development, and maturity), as well as assessing the influence of the factor of coastal location  upon them. The author examines the qualitative and statistical data that characterize the five components of RIS: human resources, infrastructure, research and development, innovation environment, and framework conditions. The novelty of this work lies in application of comprehensive approach towards studying life cycle of RIS in its structural complexity in different time periods, as well as in consideration of coastal specificity of the economy. It is demonstrated that the RIS of Kaliningrad Oblast of the Soviet period specialized in marine management, formed as a result of concerted efforts of the government.

Keywords: technological innovations, coastal region, industrial complex, maritime cluster, coastal management, Kaliningrad region, territorial innovation system, innovation geography, rationalizations, human capital

Abstract: The goal of this research consists in systematization and classification of the key factors that affect the inclusion of fishing industry in corporate social responsibility. One of the instruments of building balanced mechanisms of interaction between society, business and the government may become the implementation of the principles of corporate social responsibility in the activity of Russian companies. The subject of this article is the corporate social responsibility (CSR), a policy used in entrepreneurship for achieving sustainable indicators of economic development and improving the quality of life of the Russian population. It is of crucial importance for ensuring positive dynamics of the growth of production and demographic potential of the Far East, as in most coastal regions fisheries industry remains the city-forming enterprises. The scientific novelty lies in providing the original systematization of the factors of inclusion business in CSR. The author proves that the transformation of economic outcomes into social value takes place under the influence of certain factors. In order to substantiate such conclusion, the author assesses the significance of these factors for future specialists in fishing industry of the Far East via extensive sociological survey of the senior students of Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University. The conducted analysis indicates that most considerable factors for the future employees of business structures are the scale and sphere of activity (64% and 54%), reputation and level of corporate culture (59% and 54%).

Keywords: external environment of the organization, impact assessment, sociological survey, classification, involvement, systematization, factors, corporate social responsibility, fishing business, internal environment of the organization

Abstract: The subject of this research is the processes of price formation for raw materials depending on the demand for end consumer products. The article reviews a mathematical model that is based on the principle of maximum utility. The proposed model is founded on the stage-by-stage determination of the production output and consumption of end products, as well as corresponding prices depending on the prices of used raw materials and semi-finished products. The prices for intermediate products and raw materials are formed depending on the need for end products output with their optimization by demand. The article provides the basic mathematical ration with regards to using principle of maximum utility applicable to the demand-supply model and its implementation in multi-stage production. The acquired results indicate weak dependence of production output and prices for end products on the cost of raw material in terms of advanced refining. With limited production capacity of raw materials, the dynamics of prices is well predicted. The results of modeling, compared to the available statistical data, indicate the adequacy of the proposed model to the unfolding economic processes. It is determined that the accuracy of price prediction for raw products with a significant volume of its subsequent processing is limited.

Keywords: optimal prices, multistage production, raw materials, demand balance, maximum utility principle, pricing, mathematical modeling, economic statistics, world economy, price dynamics

Abstract: The subject of this research is determination of the peculiarities of assessing spatial characteristics of the development of socioeconomic systems of different scales. Special attention is given to the author’s approach towards assessment of economic space, which can become the basis for universal methodology suitable for comprehensive characteristics of spatial specificity of the economic phenomena and processes. The methodological framework of this research is comprised of the general scientific methods of theoretical and empirical cognition (scientific abstraction, analysis, and synthesis), as well as special methods of comparative analysis (Theil index and Hall-Tideman index). As a result of generalization, systematization and critical reevaluation of the methods of assessing the characteristics of economic space presented in the scientific literature, the author offers an original approach. It is based on the analysis of such spatial characteristics as asset security, homogeneity, and coherence. The peculiarity of this approach lies in consideration of the parameters of localization of objects, as well as the specificity of socioeconomic conditions established in the territory. Testing of the author’s approach allowed comparing the spatial characteristics of the development of foodservice industry in the regions of Middle Ural. It is revealed that Sverdlovsk Oblast outstrips Perm Krai in the level of foodservice industry (although its regional space is more heterogeneous), and the Perm Krai is characterized with a higher concentration of food services. It is proven that the proposed approach towards assessing the economic space can underlie the applied in practice methodological toolset; and thus, is promising for implementation in managing spatial transformations of the country and its separate territorial units.

Keywords: Sverdlovsk region, territory potential, territorial inequality, uniformity of space, saturation of space, density of space, spatial estimation, economic space, Perm region, public catering services

Abstract: The object of this research is the spatial boundaries of innovation clusters in the Volga Region economic space. The subject of this research is modeling of the processes of innovation transformation and the zones of distribution of externalities of cluster development. Innovative clusters are viewed as an advanced form of territorial organization of production and the foundation of socioeconomic development of the region in the current context. The formation and development of innovation clusters in the Volga Region is analyzed within the framework of its impact upon transformation of the economic space. The key aspects of transformation of the economic space are determined. Special attention is turned to heterogeneity of the distribution of externalities of clusterization processes in the Volga Region. The conclusion is made on signigicant unevenness of the distribution of clusterization processes in the Volga region economic space. Volga Region has territories with one or several centers of clusterization of the economic space (the Republic of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia, Ulyanovsk Oblast). The author reveals the territories that are influenced by clusterization of the neighboring regions. The main result of the conducted research lies in definition of spatial boundaries of the processes of clusterization of production in the Volga Region. The author's contribution consists in identification of spatial zones of innovation clusters, such as the core, the center of the cluster and its periphery, based on transport accessibility.

Keywords: Spatial aspect of clusterization, Externalities of clusterization, Economic integration, Isochrons, Innovation clusters, Economy of the Volga region, Economic space, Transformation of economic space, Volga Federal District, Cluster model

Abstract: The object of this research is the concept of restructuring, which in the conditions of crisis in the European Union is positioned as an instrument for its overcoming and the procedure for its verification by the auditor. The subject of this research is a range of question associated on the peculiarities of positioning of the concept of restructuring in the EU. The article analyzes the criteria for insolvency and tests for the presence of the signs of insolvency according to the national legislation of the EU jurisdiction based on the typical crisis process. The author introduces the definition of the concept of restructuring, its framework and elements. The recommendations of the European Commission on overcoming crisis situations and insolvency of companies are provided; the principles of preventive concept of restructuring are analyzed; the auditor’s procedures pertaining to the concept of restructuring are formulated. The research methodology relies on the fundamental provisions presented in the works of foreign scholars. The main conclusions are as follows: the responsibility of the corporate management in a number of EU member-states includes verification of compliance with the established criteria of insolvency on the regular basis; for this, it is necessary to submit the report to regulatory authorities on the current state of the company and decision on overcoming the crisis, usually in the form of the concept of restructuring approved by the auditor. The scientific novelty of this research consists in: 1) generalization of legal regulation of the criteria of insolvency in the EU member-states, tests for the presence of the signs of insolvency, responsibility of corporate management, outline of the restructuring plan; 2) positioning of the concept of restructuring, formulation of definition of the concept of restructuring, its framework and elements; 3) analysis of the principles of the preventive concept of restructuring of the European Commission; 4) development of audit procedures concerning the concept of restructuring.

Keywords: Audit procedures of concept, Standard IDW S, principles of reorganisation concept, Recommendation of European Union, content of reorganisation concept, reorganisation concept positioning, corporate crisis progress, tests for insolvency, criteria for insolvency, Reorganisation opinion

Abstract: The subject of this research is the economic relations arising in the context of implementation of modern technologies of precise husbandry and concentration of dairy production. The technologies of precision husbandry, which are based on the use of modern information technologies, gain popularity among the leading manufacturers. Dairy husbandry implements the automated herd management systems that collect information on the condition of each individual animal unit virtually in real time mode, which elevates the information support of managing production and technological process on a whole new level. Digitalization of the dairy husbandry industry and the processes of concentration of dairy production are closely related and require meticulous examination. The novelty of this research lies in studying the mutual influence of implementation of precision husbandry technologies and the processes of concentration of dairy production. The conclusion is made that the technologies of precision husbandry raise the upper limit of concentration in dairy husbandry, improve the manageability of production and technological processes, and ensure veterinary and ecological control. The article explores the impact of new technologies upon the processes of concentration of dairy production, substantiates the pattern of increase in the levels of concentration of dairy production, and demonstrates the unevenness of the levels of concentration of dairy production in the regions of the Russian Federation. The author provides the examples of the high levels of concentration of production in dairy husbandry with brief monographic descriptions, reflects the possible socioeconomic transformations in rural areas and structural shifts in the agrarian economy associated with the implementation of technologies of precision agriculture.

Keywords: rating, automated control, technology, precision animal husbandry, farm, milk, production size, concentration, economics, digital technologies