Abstract: Folded morphogenesis, which with the emergence of reinforced structures in the early XX century received a strong boost to the development, is actively used in modern architecture. The object of this research contains three types of buildings: 1) with folded forms as the main composite element; 2) with concept based on Gilles Deleuze theory of folds; 3) that use thin folded reinforced concrete structures. The goal of this work is to determine the development trend of folded morphogenesis in modern architecture, as well as give a forecast to the development of folded morphogenesis. The criteria for analysis became the quantitative and qualitative indicators: duration of construction, duration of exploitation, cost of construction, capacity, total area, height, construction material, construction place, situation, aesthetic aspect, functionality, number of floors, utility, private or government capital, and the Pritzker Architecture Prize. The research results demonstrate that the development trends of folded morphogenesis are vectored from utilitarian to spectacular function, as well as excessive fascination of the architects with aesthetics of the folded forms.

Keywords: curvilinearity, Deleuzian paradigm, aesthetics, statistical analysis, development trends, morphogenesis, fold, modern architecture, compositional structure, utilitarity

References:
Slabukha A. V. Ustanovlenie istoriko-kul'turnoy tsennosti ob'ektov arkhitekturnogo naslediya (ch. 2): kriterii i metod v sovremennoy ekspertnoy praktike // Chelovek i kul'tura. 2016. № 6. S. 9-22. - URL: http://e-notabene.ru/ca/article_20767.html
Kurashov Yu. Yu. Kriterii otsenki ob'ektov kul'turnogo naslediya: kul'turno-istoricheskiy aspekt i pravovoe reshenie // Akademicheskiy vestnik UralNIIproekt RAASN. 2017. № 4. S. 40-44.
Skladchatye konstruktsii. URL: https://2optik.livejournal.com/52986.html Data obr.: 25.05.2019.
Yarmosh T. S., Khrabatina N. V., Miroshnichenko V. V. Skladchatye konstruktsii. Perspektivy razvitiya novykh form // Vestnik BGTU im. V. G. Shukhova. 2016. № 12. S. 71-75.
Korotich A. V. Perspektivy razvitiya arkhitektury skladchatykh obolochek // Akademicheskiy vestnik UralNIIproekt RAASN. 2010. № 2. S. 47-49.
Natsional'nyy indeks kul'turnogo naslediya. URL: http://planet-today.ru/novosti /kultura/item/ 19901-natsionalnyj-indeks-kulturnogo-naslediya-yavlyaetsya-spiskom-ob-ektov-nuzhdayushchikhsya-v-podderzhke-g

Abstract: The subject of this article is examination of the question of interrelation between the objects of modern architecture and architecture of the previous eras within a uniform environment. The object of this article is the range of publications, mostly of the Russian scholars, as result of comprehension of the topic at hand. At the same time the author examines primarily the foreign practical experience. Particular attention is paid to a variety of problems pertinent to topic "old and new in the architecture of modern city", which is a focus of research of modern scholars. The problems of synthesis of the modern and historical architecture in uniform space are analyzed. The conclusion is made that modern researchers prefer to concentrate on the particular buildings or residential quarters, paying insufficient attention to the problem and methods of its solution in broader methodological perspective. The nolety consists in scientific actualization of the problem of integration of modern and historical architecture, determination of the urgent unexplored questions of integration of the “new” and “old” with regards to residential development in the historical environment or city-planning reconstruction.

Keywords: building combination, modern building, architectural heritage, architecture monuments, historical building, urban environment, modern architecture, heritage and present, review of publications, traditions today

References:
Linch K. Obraz goroda /per. s angl.: V. L. Glazychev. M.: Stroyizdat, 1982. 328 s.
Azatyan K. R., Engoyan A. R. Problemy integratsii starogo i novogo v protsesse razvitiya gorodskogo prostranstva // Vestnik MGSU. 2014. №6. S. 7.
Agisheva S. T. Mubarashkina F. D. Problemy razvitiya sovremennoy arkhitektury v istoricheski slozhivsheysya srede goroda // Izvestiya kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. 2013. №4 (26). S. 7-15.
Zhilyaeva N. V. Problemy sokhraneniya istoricheskoy sredy v strukture sovremennoy zastroyke gorodov // Obrazovanie, nauka, proizvodstvo. Belgorodskiy gosudarstvennyy tekhnologicheskiy universitet im. V. G. Shukhova. 2015. S. 2044-2049.
Korotich M. A., Korotich A. V. Traditsionnye i sovremennye formy v arkhitekture: problema vzaimodeystviya // Akademicheskiy vestnik Uralniiproekt RAASN. 2010. № 2. S. 58-60.
Lapshina E. G. Glavnyy dom goroda: mezhdu proshlym i budushchim // Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel'stvo. 2009. № 2. S. 44.
Dagdanova Ts. B. Gorodskoy istoricheskiy kvartal: star

Abstract: The prerequisites of emergence of folded morphogenesis is one of the most complicated and insufficiently studied questions in the theory and history of architecture. The folded form either spontaneously appeared, filling almost all of the architectural space – Gothic, Baroque, Modern, Modernism, or completely disappeared – the architecture of Classicism, Functionalism of the 1920’s -1930’s. It is doubtful that such drastic changes can be explained solely by the architecture's susceptibility to various tendencies and trends; most likely, the desire of architects to look beyond the subject world and saturate the language of architecture with new shapes. The goal of this research is to determine the prerequisites of emergence of folded morphogenesis, which gives a more in-depth insight of the mechanism of its development. Each section of the article contains a brief description of the era, overview of the folded architectural elements, construction materials, color solutions of the folds, list of the most notable architects that apply folded morphogenesis in their works, as well as the causes of their occurrence. The results demonstrate that the emergence of folds in architecture was affected by the ideals and views of people of each of the epochs.

Keywords: structural systems, building materials, construction technologies, postmodernism, history of architecture, architectural elements, morphogenesis, fold, neo-baroque, metaphysics

References:
Interv'yu s Zakhoy Khadid [Videozapis'] - https://vk.com/videos466945889?z=video-4573647_456239024%2Fpl_466945889_-2.
Borodina S., Bulgakova A. Eksperiment s normoy: stil' modern v arkhitekture i prikladnom iskusstve // Mir iskusstv. 2014. №3 (07). S. 116-125.
Romanyuk M. E., Istamgulova D. M. Analiz arkhitekturnykh obrazov Antonio Gaudi / Chelyabinskiy gos. un-t. Chelyabinsk. - https://infourok.ru/statya-analiz-arhitekturnih-obrazov-antonio-gaudi-1198606
Paskal' B. Mysli // De Laroshfuko Frasua. Maksimy. Blez Paskal'. Mysli. De Labryuyer Zhan. Kharaktery. M., 1974. S. 12–126.
Dmitrieva S. L. Renessansno-klassitsisticheskie tendentsii v arkhitekture Italii epokhi barokko // Kul'turnaya zhizn' Yuga Rossii. 2011. №4 (42). S. 5-7.
Shilov E. Uchenie Fomy Akvinskogo o dushe: starye problemy, novye resheniya. Predposylki «tomistskogo sinteza» // Vestnik PSTGU. Vyp. 6 (44). 2012. S. 81-102.
Vlasov V. G. Antichnoe iskusstvo // Arkhitekturnye i khudozhestvennye stili i napravleniya. 2012. S. 1-5.
Shvechikov A. N. Mir sakral'nogo v

Abstract:  
The scientific interest in the morphed folded structures has significantly increased in recent decades among architects and engineers. Becoming more philosophical, the question of the form and the content interaction remains unsolved. This article considers both, domestic and foreign experiences of the morphed folded structure research, covering about 25 years since the introduction of the fold theory in architecture. The research objective is to determine the least studied areas of the architectural theory related to morphed folded structure. The methodology applied relies on gradual consideration of the morphed folded structure phenomenon in architecture conducted by both, domestic and foreign researchers. The research period is the end of XX beginning of XXI centuries. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the lack of understanding of the aesthetic, artistic, constructive value of the folded form. Research results demonstrate that majority of researchers are limited only by the conceptual developments of the morphed folded structures. Even if a small part of the concepts sees implementation, the structural decisions using the morphed fold as the basis of an artistic image, with few exceptions, are rarely effective.
 

Keywords: creative development, style formation, structural features, functionality, creative concepts, aesthetics, artistic expressiveness, morphogenesis, folded form, topological structures

References:
Eyzenman P. Skladyvanie vo vremeni. Singulyarnost' Rebstoka. Arkhitekturnyy dizayn. Vyp. 63, №3/4. Skladchatost' v arkhitekture. Izd. Willey Academy, 1993: 39-41 s.) (Eisenman P. Folding in Time. The Singularity of Rebstock. Architectural Design. Vol. 63, №3/4. Folding in Architecture. Willey Academy, 1993: 39-41.)
Linn G. Arkhitekturnaya krivolineynost'. Skladchataya, gibkaya i podatlivaya. Arkhitekturnyy dizayn. Vyp. 63, №3/4. Skladchatost' v arkhitekture. Izd. Willey Academy, 1993: 24-31 s. (Lynn G. Architectural Curvilinearity. The Folded, the Pliant and the Supple. Architectural Design. Vol. 63, №3/4. Folding in Architecture. Willey Academy, 1993: 24-31.)
Kipnis Dzh. K novoy arkhitekture. Arkhitekturnyy dizayn. Vyp 63, №3/4. Skladchatost' v arkhitekture. Izd. Willey Academy, 1993: 57-65 s. (Kipnis J. Towards a New Architecture. Architectural Design. Vol. 63, №3/4. Folding in Architecture. Willey Academy, 1993: 57-65.)
Berkel' B. Dom Mebiusa. Novyy nomadizm. Domus №814, 1999: 40-49 s. (Berkel B. The Möbius Ho

Abstract: The goal of the work is to identify the leading trends and prospects for the development of modern Orthodox temple architecture in the city of Irkutsk. The object of this study is modern projects of temples and temple complexes. The subject of the research is the specificity of the characteristics of modern religious buildings in the territory of the city of Irkutsk. The tasks facing the author of the article are to identify problems and distinctive features, as well as to highlight the main trends currently observed in the modern Orthodox religious architecture of Irkutsk. The research is based on the analysis of functional, architectural, artistic and stylistic features of a number of projects of iconic architecture executed by Irkutsk architects at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt is made to analyze and systematize the directions of the development of the architecture of the modern church in the selected geographical area. The main trends, problems and regional peculiarities of the Orthodox Church building of the newest time in the territory of the city of Irkutsk are revealed. The conclusion addresses the diversity of trends in the development of the cult architecture observed in modern Irkutsk.

Keywords: Irkutsk, modern construction, regional architecture, siberian temples, religious buildings, temple architecture, orthodox temple, architecture of Irkutsk, design practice, temple complex

References:
Eskiznyy proekt kompleksa khrama-pamyatnika Svyatogo blagovernogo knyazya Aleksandra Nevskogo v Irkutske // Zolotaya kapitel' [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.zkapitel.ru/work/show/23
Shchenkov A. S. Problemy traditsionnoy formy v sovremennom khramostroenii Rossii // Khramostroitel'stvo v Rossii. Traditsii i sovremennost'. M., 1996. S. 19–24
Khramy Irkutskoy eparkhii // Irkutskaya eparkhiya. Regional'nyy pravoslavnyy portal [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://iemp.ru/uprav/hram/hram.php
Laytar' N. V. Problema stilya v sovremennoy khramovoy arkhitekture Rossii // Izvestiya Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. A. I. Gertsena. 2008. №77. S. 120–125
Pravoslavnye khramy Irkutska // Elektronnaya entsiklopediya Irkutskoy Oblasti [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://irkipedia.ru/content/pravoslavnye_hramy_irkutska
Saratovskaya Yu. I. Razmeshchenie i kompozitsionnaya rol' tserkovnykh kompleksov v sovremennykh gradostroitel'nykh usloviyakh: na primere Moskvy i gorodov Moskovskoy obla

Abstract: The process of architectural morphogenesis remains far from being completed. This article considers the phenomenon of deconstructivism, its evolution in Russia and worldwide, current state of the objects of deconstructivism, peculiarities of their preservation, and people's perception. It is expected that this work will allow to more precisely determine the role and importance of the objects of deconstructivism from the perspective of evolution of the world culture, as well as form a clearer position regarding their protection. Relevance of the article is substantiated primarily by the lack of accurate approaches towards solution of the problems associated with the preservation of architectural environment. The research method is  defined by the analysis of deconstructivist objects in terms of granting them a status of cultural heritage, as well as the analysis of opinions of the experts in the area of architecture. The great majority of buildings, designed in accordance with the concepts of deconstructivism, are unique in its kind, as well as contain the spatial planning, structural, and urban development solutions. The author underlines that the current condition of some of the deconstructivist objects causes a severe concern. The history of world architecture knows multiple examples of the loss of cultural objects, which were not referred to the list of the objects of cultural heritage for various reasons.

Keywords: structural solutions, aesthetic expressiveness, architectural memorial, environment design, cultural heritage protection, morphogenesis, deconstructivism, technical innovations, architectural psychology, space perception

References:
Tschumi B. Architecture and Disjunction. Cambridge. MIT Press, 1996: 123.
李荣华, 唐文, 郭雪蓉. 解构主义的开创性和局限性. 山西建筑 №11, 2007: 24-25 (Li Zh., Tan V., Guo S. Tvorchestvo i ogranichenie dekonstruktivizma // Arkhitektura Shan'si. 2007. № 11. S. 24-25)
Zaha Hadid 2005-2008. Spain: ELcroquis editorial Madrid, 2008: 54-55.
Bezzubova O. V. Ot modernizma k dekonstruktivizmu ili ot filosofii k arkhitekture // Al'manakh filososofskogo fakul'teta SPbGU. Vyp. 10. SPb.: Sankt-Peterburgskoe filosofskoe obshchestvo. 2010. S. 68-76.
Ryabushin A. V. Zakha Khadid. Vglyadyvayas' v bezdnu. Izd.: Arkhitektura-S, 2007. 336 s.
Dobritsyna I. A. Ot postmodernizma – k nelineynoy arkhitekture: Arkhitektura v kontekste sovremennoy filosofii i nauki. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2004. 416 s.
Eisenman P. The End of the Classical: the End of the End, the End of the Beginning. Yale Architectu