Abstract: The subject of this research is the phenomenon of "virtual reality" in architectural environment. The article provides an overview of the emergence of idea of "virtual reality" in science and architecture. The trends of metaphoric definition of the term in various field of humanitarian knowledge are examined. Special attention is given to the theoretical questions of the phenomenon, history of its origin, and consideration of ontological approaches. The author determines the role and correlation of the visual illusions with virtual reality, when the significance of illusory effects comes to the forefront of manifestation of the phenomenon in architecture. Methodology of this study lies in the gradual examination of the questions related to the analysis of historical materials, emergence of the idea of virtual reality, issues of visual perception of the architectural environment and illusory architectural spaces. The main conclusion consists in peculiar understanding of the phenomenon of “virtual reality” in architecture. The author gives definition from the perspective of the theory of architecture; identifies the types of phenomena of illusory nature; as well as substantiates the significance of illusory effects in the context of formation of virtual reality of the architectural environment that can be valuable in theory and practice.

Keywords: architectural space design, illusion, visual effect, architecture, paradigm, phenomenon, virtual reality, phenomenon of perception, spatial illusions, virtual space

Abstract: The prerequisites of emergence of folded morphogenesis is one of the most complicated and insufficiently studied questions in the theory and history of architecture. The folded form either spontaneously appeared, filling almost all of the architectural space – Gothic, Baroque, Modern, Modernism, or completely disappeared – the architecture of Classicism, Functionalism of the 1920’s -1930’s. It is doubtful that such drastic changes can be explained solely by the architecture's susceptibility to various tendencies and trends; most likely, the desire of architects to look beyond the subject world and saturate the language of architecture with new shapes. The goal of this research is to determine the prerequisites of emergence of folded morphogenesis, which gives a more in-depth insight of the mechanism of its development. Each section of the article contains a brief description of the era, overview of the folded architectural elements, construction materials, color solutions of the folds, list of the most notable architects that apply folded morphogenesis in their works, as well as the causes of their occurrence. The results demonstrate that the emergence of folds in architecture was affected by the ideals and views of people of each of the epochs.

Keywords: structural systems, building materials, construction technologies, postmodernism, history of architecture, architectural elements, morphogenesis, fold, neo-baroque, metaphysics

Abstract: The article signifies the historical prerequisites for the development of Krasnoyarsk school of sculptural art, as well as determines its main features. Based on the creative and pedagogical activity of Alexander Evgenyevich Tkachuk, as one of the leading pedagogues of the school, the article identifies his methodological orientations and creative approaches. The goal of this research lies in familiarization with the brief historical prerequisites for the establishment of Krasnoyarsk school of sculptural art; examination of the key methodological orientations and principles of teaching sculpture in Krasnoyarsk on the example of creative and pedagogical activity of Professor A. E. Tkachuk. The fact that Krasnoyarsk school as an independent phenomenon was not sufficiently studied substantiates the scientific novelty of this article. Krasnoyarsk school of sculptural art is characterized by the following attributes: gravitation towards integrity of composition and generalized interpretation of shape; expressivity of the silhouette, use of rhythm and graphic techniques, preservation of expressive modelling, step-by-step methodical work. This is a living phenomenon, continuous to evolve in the pedagogical sphere, and is passed on from the teacher to the student.

Keywords: Sculpture in Krasnoyarsk, Sculpture in the city, Urban sculpture, pedagogical principles of Tkachuk, Tkachuk, methodical settings, Krasnoyarsk school of sculpture, sculpture, Lavrov, Krasnoyarsk plastic

Abstract: The object of this study is the buildings designed for leisure and entertainment facilities such as cinemas and theatres. The subject of this study is the facts of reconstruction that took place in the first decades of the XXI century. The research priority lies in examining the regional (Omsk) reconstruction experience of the cinema buildings and cultural centers established during the Soviet time. However, the main attention is focused not on the engineering and technical characteristics, but rather the transformation of artistic-aesthetical and figurative characteristics of the reconstructed objects. The results of this work allow becoming familiarized with the specificity of reconstruction of the cinemas and leisure entertainment facilities that unfolded in Omsk during the first decades of the XXI century. The authors underline the meagerness of the architectural-figurative solutions of the reconstructed objects. It is noted that following the reconstruction, the majority of objects lose their individuality, vibrancy, and poorly integrate into the architectural-historical and urban development context.

Keywords: cinemas, Omsk, architectural image, regional experience, reconstruction, multifunctional entertainment centers, design, appearance, architectural context, interiors

Abstract: Building construction in the regions with severe climatic conditions must pay considerable attention to the questions of heat preservation and minimization of heat loss through the external enclosing structures. The article analyzes the main sources heat leakage through translucent enclosing structures and determines that the best course of action is to reduce heat loss via window structure through the use of an effective glass unit. There are three main ways to increase the reduced resistance to heat transfer of a glass unit. Reducing methods of heat transfer, which occurs by convection and radiation, are discussed in detail. The reasons for the emergence of the need to use energy-efficient technologies, as well as global experience in the development and use energy-efficient double-glazed windows are given. The climatic conditions of populated areas of Siberia are compared with the climatic conditions of populated areas of Canada and it is established that the cold in Canadian and Russian territories is almost the same, but their north is deserted, the population is concentrated on the southern border. Thus, populated areas of Siberia have more severe climatic conditions, which is one of the factors that it is necessary not just to learn from foreign experience in using energy-efficient technologies, but to adapt them to more severe weather conditions.

Keywords: severe climatic conditions, low-emission glass, inert gas, convection, heat radiation, double glazing, U-factor, translucent enclosing structures, world experience, Siberia