Abstract: The article describes phraseological units with a meteonym component in the Mari language. The groups of meteorological vocabulary are considered, which are further investigated at the phraseological level. To characterize phraseological units with a meteonym component in the modern Mari language. The main material for the study was meteorological vocabulary in phraseological units. The result of the research is the study of meteorological names at the phraseological level. The relevance of this research is related to the study of meteorological vocabulary in the modern Mari language, the identification of the peculiarities of the linguistic picture of the world of the people as a whole and its influence on vocabulary. By meteorological names we mean nouns that denote various states of nature, such as weather changes (precipitation, wind, temperature, etc.) and natural phenomena (fire, water, steam, etc.). The study used general scientific methods – description and generalization, as well as elements of semantic, linguistic and cultural analyses. In our research, for the first time, an attempt is made to comprehensively study meteorological vocabulary in semantic and linguocultural aspects.
The results obtained in the study can be used in the preparation of textbooks on the practical course of the Mari language, when reading theoretical courses in linguistics, lexicology, stylistics, linguoculturology. It is concluded that there is a predominant number of negative phraseological units of the meteonym component in the Mari language. With negative or positive phraseological units with meteorological names, the characteristics of a person's character are shown, and with neutral phraseological units only the state of nature. The largest group is represented by phraseological units denoting the characteristics of a person or his actions. The significant predominance of phraseological units denoting the characteristics of a person or his actions indicates a close connection between the human world and the weather world, as a result of which there is the same metaphorical transfer of the meaning and image of a phraseological unit with a hydrometeor component to a person and his actions.

Abstract: The subject of the study is lexical homonyms in the modern Mari language. The material of the scientific work was the data of the 10-volume dictionary of the Mari language, the Mari-Russian dictionary, the author's card file, compiled by selecting materials from Mari works of art, oral folk art and periodicals. The aim of the work is to distinguish lexical homonyms from other groups of homonyms and to determine their conceptual and semantic relationship. At the first stage, a selection of words that belong to the category of lexical homonyms was carried out. At the next stage of the study, all lexical material was analyzed, this group of homonyms was divided into categories, and a quantitative analysis of lexical homonyms was performed. The research method was the analysis of homonyms based on lexicographic sources. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the appeal to a wide range of works and the multidimensional nature of the study of the issue. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that lexical homonyms in the Mari language are analyzed for the first time.
The result of the study lies in the conclusion that lexical homonyms are the most common group of homonyms in the Mari language, they can be divided into full and incomplete lexical homonyms, as well as substantive, verbal, adjectival, participial, adverbial and several examples with imitative words were distinguished by their relation to parts of speech.
Lexical homonymy occurs among words of the same parts of speech. At the same time, two or more lexical homonyms (full or partial) have an absolute identity of the sound and spelling complex.