Abstract: This article aims to examine the global trends of greening the financial system, as well as analyze the relevant issues and prospects for their solution within the Russian economy. The subject of this research is the transformation of the financial system of the Russian Federation in the context of ecological requirements, and their impact upon the level of national security of the country. The working scientific hypothesis of this research is based on recognition of the idea that greening the financial system, which is implies the transformation of financial and economic processes towards acknowledging the priority of ecological consequences of financial activity over the economic, seems inevitable in the med-term and even short-term perspectives. Therefore, the sooner Russia would be included in these processes, the more conditions would be created for sustainable and secure economic development. Taking into account the annually growing ecological footprint of the Russian economy, it is difficult to say if it is currently “green” or ecologically sustainable. A crucial role in these processes is played by the unpreparedness of the Russian financial system to meet the new ecological requirements. The article analyzes the current trends of “greening” the financial system of the Russian Federation from the standpoint of solving the “growth dilemma”. The author outlines the key obstacles to its development, namely the importance of solving the problem of “greenwashing”, transformation of the economic growth of the Russian Federation from the “brown” zone into the “green” zone, and problems of the taxonomy of green projects. The conclusion is made on the significance of the ongoing processes of “greening” with regards to the national security, and the need for the development of comprehensive state policy in this area due to a considerable “gap” between the financial and real economic sectors in the context of availability of environmental investments and readiness of majority of the Russian companies thereof.