Abstract: The object of the research is the creativity of modern composers of the Tatarstan Republic. The subject of the research is the analysis of compositions created by some Tatar composers (Anatoly Luppov, Rashid Kalimullin, Leonid Lyubovsky) that have traditional musical features of the indigenous ethnoses of the Volga Region (Slavic, Finno-Ugric and Turkic peoples). The authors of the article analyze examples of using polyphonisation techniques and texture complication, modality, aleatory music, sonorics and coloristic potential of classical and traditional instruments that allow composers to demonstrate their individual style of perceiving and creating musical folklore of different genres (piano, symphonic, scenic, consort, vocal, vocal symphonic and choral music). The research methods and methodology include: method of cultural semiotiocs, musical syntaxis, sematncis of musical speech, pragmatic and axiological analysis; cultural historical method; theoretical analysis of the academic literature based on axiological and polycultural approaches. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that for the first time in the academic literature the authors analyze pieces of symphonic, scenic, consort, vocal and choral music composed by Tatar composers based on artistic images, genres, intonations and styles of the Volga Region musical folklore. The research brings forth the problems of the organic unity of Western and Eastern traditions, national vocabulary of the composer's musical style and objective value thereof, traditionalism and innovation, and interaction of ethnotraditions.