Abstract: The work is devoted to the problem of harmonious aging of the population, which is one of the most significant in the XXI century. The subject of the study is a model of socio-psychological support of elderly people in the post-labor period. The authors conducted a sociological analysis of the criteria for the effectiveness and efficiency of the model of socio-psychological support, developed on the basis of the eudemonistic approach within the framework of existential-humanistic psychology. The paper presents the results of a survey of 156 pensioners of the Republic of Moldova, Transnistria, in 2021. The most vulnerable categories of elderly people, the differences between the categories of working and non-working pensioners, the relationship between the subjective assessment of loneliness and psychological well-being are identified. The novelty of the study is to create a new model of socio-psychological support for elderly people in the post-work period. The work highlights the components of psychological well-being that need to be focused on when developing a project of systemic socio-psychological support for older people in the post-work period, namely: environment management, personal growth, purpose in life and self-acceptance, positive relationships with other people. It is concluded that it is necessary to increase the level of awareness of elderly people regarding their needs for psychological assistance to improve the quality of life in general and psychological well-being in particular.

Abstract: The subject of the study is the adaptability of adolescents with different perceptions of the style of family education. The authors investigate the peculiarities of adaptation of young people with different perceptions of the educational practice of parents. The paper presents the results of a study of the manifestation of the adaptive potential of more than 300 adolescents of educational institutions of the Republic of Moldova, Pridnestrovie, in 2021. Special attention is paid to the key indicators of adaptability of modern adolescents. The authors found that almost all the features of adaptation of adolescents are associated with manifestations of closeness and hostility in relationships with parents, as well as inconsistency in adult education. At the same time, the vectors of influence of the educational influences of the father and mother differ.    The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the peculiarity of the relationship between the indicators of adaptability of adolescents and the specifics of their perception of relations with their mother and father was studied in detail. It is concluded that the factor of closeness with both parents is more associated with high adaptability, while hostility and inconsistency in upbringing in relationships with the mother are associated with a decrease in adaptability. The results of the study can be used in the development of psychological assistance programs for adolescents and recommendations for further preventive, educational and counseling work with their families.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the interaction of psychologists with the callers to psychological support hotline in the conditions of pandemic in Transnistria. The authors explore the peculiarities of communication between specialists and clients of the crisis hotline in the time of large-scale emergency situation. The article describes the experience of organizing and functioning of the open hotline within the regional component in Transnistria during 2020–2021. Special attention is given to structurization of the principles and technologies of the emergency psychological response in the work of psychological support lines under the conditions of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. The authors determine the peculiarities of rapid diagnostics in the context of counseling over the phone, outline the stages, tasks and specificity of psychological counseling of hotline callers based on the sampling of over 2,000 callers, including 176 adolescents and young men. The novelty of this research consist in determination of the diagnostics and counseling in the work of the psychological support hotline based on the regional specificities features of Transnistria and conflict emotional experiences of its residents. Leaning on the acquired results, the author develops practical recommendations for the hotline specialists of rendering psychological supports in the CIS countries, taking into account changing requests of the citizens in the conditions of crisis and emergency situations. The analysis of the results reveals the nature of appeals of the citizens to hotline and their conflict emotional experiences in the time of COVID-19 pandemic. The conclusion is made that the crucial components in interaction the psychologists and callers to the psychological support hotline in the context of the pandemic in Transnistria are associated with anger, frustration, experiencing loss, depressive states, child-parent relations, and distance learning.

Abstract: The object of this research is the youth of the modern Russia. The subject of this research is the attitude and interest of the youth towards politics as a whole, including political parties and federal level elections. The author examines the importance of political sphere for the young generation, as well as specificity of their interest towards the political processes and political parties, which at the present stage are one of the active conduits of political ideas. Special attention is given to the analysis of youth’s perception of the upcoming elections into the State Duma of Federal Assembly of Russia along with the Presidential elections. Scientific novelty lies in the comparative analysis that is based on sociological snapshots right before the federal electoral cycles of 2011-2012 and 2016-2018 with regards to the attitude of the young generation towards politics, political parties, and elections. The following trends are highlighted: the number of youth interested in political life of society on the permanent basis is decreasing; portion of those who is randomly shows interest in politics alongside those who do not show any interest in politics is increasing; the growing sympathy of the youth towards the political parties, etc. The conclusion is made that there is no significant changes are observed in the views, orientations, and interest of youth towards politics , political parties, and elections.

Abstract: The object of research is the system of preschool education. The subject is modernization changes in the field of preschool education in Russia at the present stage. The author examines in detail the main directions of modernization of preschool education system, actual laws and normative legal acts providing management of the reforms of preschool educational organizations and preschool education in total. Special attention is given to untrue directions of modernization and real problems in the field of preschool education. "Myths" and problems of preschool education are ranked by the degree of prevalence.The article presents the results of analytical studies and expert survey. 12 experts in the field of preschool education were attended by the expert survey, conducted in November 2015.The novelty of the research lies in the fact that there are proposed the result of the classification of untrue directions of modernization and the real problems in the field of preschool education. "Myths" include: the deterioration of the level of preschool education, the introduction of evaluation procedures, the paid education, the reduction the number of the nursery groups. Among the real problems are considered: the lack of quality monitoring of preschool education system and of inclusive education, the intensification of work and the deficiency of qualification opportunities of educators, as well as the lack of continuity with primary school. There is proposed the specific measures to overcome the main problems of preschool education within the framework of its modernization. It was concluded that management of the system in designated directions must be implemented in parallel with the improving the image of preschool education in the society, the information transparency of preschool education sphere and the attracting parental community to discuss urgent issues.