Morkina Y.S. —
The Problem of the Universal in Epistemology
// Philosophical Thought. – 2024. – ¹ 5.
– P. 22 - 33.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2024.5.70092
URL: https://en.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_70092.html
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Abstract: The subject of the study is the concept of the universal in the epistemological aspect. It is shown that any knowledge is based on an absolute background – "implicit ignorance" – defined as an a priori form of cognition common to all people of all cultures and peoples. By virtue of its generality for all people in all situations the absolute background is undetectable and untransferable into explicit knowledge. At the same time the background knowledge of a particular culture with the historical change of cultures begins to be reflected transferred into explicit knowledge including philosophical. Both individual human beings and entire cultures have implicit (tacit) knowledge. Implicit (tacit) knowledge is part of the structure of everyday life, the life world. However along with implicit knowledge there is also a cognitive background in the structure of everyday life – something that is so close and familiar that it is not apparent.
The cognitive background cannot be called knowledge due to its fundamental non-reflexivity and taken-for-granted nature. At different times the cognitive background varies for different cultures. The article suggests that there is also an "absolute background" – something that is so common to all people of all cultures and all peoples that it is not possible to identify, problematize, compare with a different state of affairs. The concepts of everyday life, the life world (E. Husserl), the mesocosmos (G. Vollmer) are considered. The importance of the linguistic turn in philosophy for the awareness of philosophical problems related to everyday life and background knowledge of cultures is emphasized. The concept of "absolute background" has methodological significance for epistemology. It is shown how this concept allows answering questions about whether something is universal.
Morkina Y. —
Society and Poetry: Ephemerality and Eternity
// Philology: scientific researches. – 2018. – ¹ 1.
– P. 122 - 135.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.1.25343
URL: https://en.e-notabene.ru/fmag/article_25343.html
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Abstract: The subject of the research is the poetry from the piont of view of its dependence and independence from social factors. A poetical composition is a complex ideal system of meanings that exist in the minds of both a writer and reader. Yury Lotman already wrote about a poetical composition being a complex system. Morkina takes up the position that this is a complex ideal system of meanings that is formed in the mind of a writer writing poetry and that of a reader reading it. The way the system is perceived depends on two kinds of meanings: internal (aesthetical)and external social meanings predetermined by the society. In her article Morkina applies phenomenological methods of research. She uses the metaphor of stream of consciousness that was offered for the first time by William Jameson and Henri Bergson and later used by Edmund Husserl, the founder of the phenomenological branch of philosophy. Consciousness is viewed by the author as an authopoetical flow of meanings that create and transform intentional objects as complex ideal systems. For the first time in the academic literature the author analyzes poems of M. Tsvetaeva and A. Debabov from the phenomenological point of view. The author of the article demonstrates that at the moment of being written, poetical compositions assimilate a lot of meanings from the current political and social environment. Presenting 'models of the world', poems perform a cognitive function acting as models and giving a reader an insight into the social situation in the country and realities of one's internal life. As the social situation changes, the poem starts to bear a different meaning for the reader who is now able to understand 'eternal' messages of the poetic composition such as human existence at any time and in an society.
Morkina Y. —
// Psychology and Psychotechnics. – 2014. – ¹ 11.
– P. 1162 - 1171.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.11.12920
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Morkina Y. —
// Psychology and Psychotechnics. – 2014. – ¹ 6.
– P. 587 - 596.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.6.12164
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Morkina Y. —
// Philosophy and Culture. – 2013. – ¹ 6.
– P. 10 - 10.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.6.7776
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Morkina Y. —
// Philosophy and Culture. – 2011. – ¹ 6.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2011.6.3715
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Morkina Y. —
// Philosophy and Culture. – 2011. – ¹ 5.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2011.5.5056
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