Abstract: Judicial power Is not only one of the branches of the state power, or part of the state mechanism, it is also a reliable guarantee of the human rights and freedoms. An independent court is a part of the legal state and civil society. However, the attitude towards judicial power was not always positive. Even the forefathers of the concept of separation of powers (John Locke, Charles Montesquieu) underestimated the role and value of the court. The analysis shows that the powers of an independent court were recognized by the Fathers of the American Constitution. For them an efficient government system was a practical necessity, since a new state was formed based on the new social values. One should mention that the Russian legal system contained various attitudes to court. It was the Judicial Reform of 1864, which finally managed to somewhat change the attitude to the courts. However, in early XX century the well-known historical events got the judicial branch under the control of the party nomenclature. In our opinion the Russian society does not yet recognize the inalienable value of the court.

Keywords: jurisprudence, state, power, judicial power, civil society, legislative branch, separation of power, legal system, rights and freedoms, legal conscience.

Abstract: This article includes analysis of the positions of various authors towards the definition of «electronic government». The author views the legislative basis, which regulates the development of information and communication technologies, as well as the formation of the electronic government of Russia. Taking into account the analysis of the normative legal basis, the author stresses the need to introduce and develop the electronic government technologies. Having studies scientific and normative sources in the sphere of development of electronic government, information and communication technologies, one may come to a conclusion that Russia has passed the first stage of introduction of information society technologies into the sphere of functioning of government structures and formation of the electronic government. However, for the further development of the electronic government, there is still need to form the adequate legislative basis for the functioning of electronic government, to introduce the new Federal Law on electronic government, to develop and organize new forms of cooperation between the state, the people and the entrepreneurs of small and medium-scale businesses in the sphere of egovernment projects. They may be very efficient and facilitate the process of formation of the electronic government in Russia. There Is also need for the further detailed regulation of the mechanism of implementation of electronic government via the amendments to the current legislation in the sphere of electronic government.

Keywords: jurisprudence, government, Internet, state, services, citizens, information, technologies, law, program.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the legal problems of regional informatization. The author considers that the modern Russian state chose the path of formation of the service state» which is oriented on provision of services, which in turn is impossible to imagine in the XXI century without the informatization of state government, including the use of electronic administrative regulations. The use of Information and communication technologies within the system of state government in the Russian Federation is complicated by a large number of government levels within the federal state system (federal level, level of the constituent subject of the federation, and municipal level). The author supports the position that today there is need to guarantee an efficient decentralization of powers between the levels of public government in favor of the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation. He offers to apply this practice in the process of modernization of the state government system with the help of the information and communication technologies at the regional level. The article also includes the conclusion that introduction of information and communication technologies into the government system of the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation should be goal-oriented within the framework of the formation of regional segment of the electronic government. It is also stressed, that the informatization itself should be teamed with the modernization of state government as a whole.

Keywords: jurisprudence, government, informatization, region, electronic, information, optimization, reform, administrative, government.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the changes in the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in late years. The author provides brief analysis of goals and dynamics of the implementation of the key provisions of the IFRS in the Russian territory. She also points out some problems of legal regulation and perspectives for the further implementation of the IFRS, establishes the role of the IFRS for the Russian business, its current condition and perspectives.

Keywords: jurisprudence, the IFRS, reporting, standards, accounting standards, international, national, clarifications, council, provision.

Abstract: The new structure and mechanism for the financing of the sector of state and municipal institution, including educational institutions, is to be formed within the period from 2005 to 2014. The article is devoted to the Issue of financing education in the Russian Federation under the new Federal Law «On Education». The author singles out the key principles of state policy and legal regulation in the sphere of education. It is noted that the education Is financed with the funds of all of the levels of the budget system of the Russian Federation. The author points out the specific features of financing budgetary, autonomous and official institutions. Much attention is paid to the issues of financial guarantees for the budget and autonomous institutions in the form of subsidies for the implementation of state or municipal assignment (program). The author analyzes the provision of inter-budgetary transfers (subsidies) for the education from the federal budget in particular. The article also includes analysis of the principle of the normative per capita financing in the sphere of education, of the establishment of normative spending for the state services in the sphere of education and the budget fund allocation from the various budget levels.

Keywords: jurisprudence, education, institutions, spending, financing, normative — per capita, transfer, subsidies, budget, assignment.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problems related to the limitations of the rights of issuers within the stock issue process, taking into consideration the newest amendments into the legislation on the stock market. The author analyzes the judicial practice on some issues regarding application of legislation on the stock market issues by the territorial organs of the Federal Service on Financial Markets at the stage of the state registration of the reports on additional stock issue. The author shows the gaps in the legal regulation of some aspects regarding approval of deals, in which the party has an interest, the process of placement of securities, state registration of reports on the additional stock issue, when none of these were placed, enlargement of the capital stock of the joint stock companies with the participation of the public law institutions. The author provides ideas for the improvement of the existing legislation on securities in order to lessen the above-mentioned limitations for each of the categories regarded in this article.

Keywords: jurisprudence, shares, limitations, rights, stock issue, placement, reporting, deals, interest, affiliation.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the topical problem regarding management of the foreign national debt of Russia. The author points out that Russia lacks a goal-oriented system for the management of the foreign national debt at the level of a specific body, which may be based on the lack of similar practice in the Soviet Union. Much attention is paid to the fact that the foreign national debt management system is now being formed via the formation of the joint stock company Russian Financial Agency (RFA), which shall manage foreign and domestic state loans, that is, it shall place state securities and operate those securities in the secondary market in order to optimize the structure of the state debt portfolio.

Keywords: jurisprudence, financial law, foreign debt, budget, management, state, system, state debt, finances, debt policy.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the nature of the defect of the will in the fictitious and fraudulent deals. It is stated that the defect of the will in the fictitious and fraudulent deals is a complicated basis for their invalidity, since the will of the participants of such deals has three dimensions. Challenging fictitious and fraudulent deals due to the defect of the will is possible within the judicial claim procedure, and the claim should be filed by a person with an interest in the deal in question. The author offers to establish for such deals the limitation period of three years since the time when the claimant found out, or should have found out of the situation, which may serve as the basis for the invalidity of such a deal.

Keywords: jurisprudence, fictitious deal, fraudulent deal, defect of will, persons with an interest, voidable deal, invalid deal, claim procedure, limitation period, consequences.

Abstract: The object of this article is the social relations in the sphere of normative legal regulation of the alternative methods of compensation of moral damages to the victims. The goal of the article is to characterize the provisions of the Russian legislation regarding the compensation for the moral damage. The methodological basis for the scientific article Includes such principles of scientific cognition, as the historicism, objectivity, systemic character, complex character. The results of the article Includes the proposals for the amendments to the current Russian civil legislation. The article Includes analysis of the correlation between various forms of compensation for the moral damage to the victim. The conclusions of this article may be used In scientific and educational sphere regarding human rights issues.

Keywords: jurisprudence, moral damages, state, victims, right, refutation, peaceful settlement, apologies, compensation, Intangible benefits.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problems of the legal structure for restructuring the debt. The author offers solutions in the light of the novel amendments to the civil legislation, and he defines the vector for the further development of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in the institutional sphere for the transfer of debt.

Keywords: jurisprudence, debt, protection of the interests of creditor, transfer of debt, cession of part of the debt, debtor, creditor, change of parties in an obligation, obligation-based legal relations, contract.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the definition, characteristic features and contents of the framework contract. The author analyzes the approaches of various scholars on these legal issues, and she also provides her position on definition and characteristic features of framework contract. The framework contract is a contract under which the parties agree to conclude the main contract (or several such contracts) in the future, and it should contain the clause on the term of its application, object of the main contract (contracts), some other conditions of the main contract (contracts). The essential conditions of the framework (organization) contract should include the clauses on its term of application, its object, and the object of the main contract (contracts). The author studies the correlation between the framework contract and the open-clause contract in the legislation and science of the Great Britain and the USA. The author then comes to a conclusion on the need to distinguish these lecgal constructions, when they are provided for in the Russian legislation.

Keywords: jurisprudence, construction, framework, organization, main, contract, conditions, contents, distinguishing, legislation.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problems of protection of interests of a group of persons in the arbitration process. The author states that the group claim combines the institution of the judicial representation and the procedural co-participation. Studying the issues of protection of the group of persons In the arbitration process, the author comes to a conclusion that the general condition for the group claim in the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation is incorrect and it allows for non-uniform interpretations.

Keywords: jurisprudence, group claim, protection of rights and legal Interests of persons, joining the claim for the protection of rights and legal interests of persons, group claim as a combination of the judicial representation and procedural co-participation, multi-subject relations, lack of procedural rights of members of the group, except for the right to join the group, initiator as a key figure, identification of the group of interested persons, conditions established by a judicial decision on group claim as res judicata.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the subjects of the counter-claim, namely, to the question on who may file a counter-claim. The author analyzes the positions among the scholars on filing the counter-claim by the «new» persons. In particular, the author analyzes two topical Issues, that is whether a counter-claim may be filed by a respondent and a person, who did earlier was not a party to the case, and whether the counter-claim may be filed against claimant and a person, who earlier was not a party to a case. The author analyze the issue on whether the third parties, who have an independent claim towards the object of the legal dispute (interveners of right) and the third parties who do not have such a claim (interveners) may present counter-claims, and whether the counter-claims may be brought against them. The author also evaluates the question on whether the prosecutor may file a counter-claim, when participating in the civil process in two forms provided by the law. Namely, based upon the analysis of the current legislation and judicial practice, the author analyzes the issues of whether the prosecutor has a right to file a counter-claim to protect the rights and interests of other persons (that is whether the prosecutor may join the case with a counter-claim, if he did not previously participated in the case), and whether the prosecutor may change the form of his participation in the cases where he is involved in order to obtain his opinion on the case, and file a counter-claim In order to protect the interests of the respondent in a case. The author also provides proposals on improvement of the legislation, and evaluates the issue of the possibility of a counter-claim against a counter-claim.

Keywords: jurisprudence, counter-claim, procedural co-participation, filing a counter-claim by a person, who previously did not participate In a case, intervener of right, intervener, prosecutor entering the case with a counter-claim, change for form of participation of a prosecutor in a case, counter-claim by a prosecutor, counter-claim against the counter-claim.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the positions in the key sources of the Russian Law starting with the time of the Russkaya Pravda and to the time of the current Arbitration and Civil Procedural Codes of the Russian Federation on the matter of falsified evidence. The author establishes the pattern regarding the connection between the greater role of written evidence and the changes in the regulation of Issues regarding their authenticity or falsified character. It is noted that the detailed regulation of the issues regarding falsified judicial evidence was started in the middle of the XIX century due to the Articles for the Civil Judicial Procedure of 1864. The author expresses an opinion on the need to amend the current Arbitration and Civil Procedural Codes of the Russian Federation, since the existing legal regulation of the issues of falsification of judicial evidence does not meet all of the demands of the legal practice.

Keywords: jurisprudence, falsification, fraud, dispute on fraud, dispute on doubts in authenticity, the Russkaya Pravda, the Law Codes of 1497 and 1550, the 1649 Code of Tsar Alexis, the Articles for the Civil Judicial Procedure of 1864, the Civil Procedural Code of the RSFSR

Abstract: The article is devoted to the institution of the court order procedure in the civil process from the standpoint of the topical issues, regarding the procedural specific features of issuing a court order. The author provides the formulae for the various amendments to the legislation in order to deal with the existing problems in this sphere. She also analyzes the issues of the correlation between the court order procedure and the simplified arbitration procedure on the cases regarding protest of a bill, non-payment, non-acceptance, and non-dated acceptance at the modern stage due to the changes in the Chapter 29 of the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: jurisprudence, court order, statistics, contents, form, refusal, motivation, the bill, simplified procedure, jurisdiction.

Abstract: The article Is devoted to the problems of procedural legal regulation of the main and additional, primary and repeated, commission and complex expertise. The differences in the norms of the procedural (administrative, arbitration, civil, criminal) legislation allow one to say that the unification of the legal regulation of the institution of the judicial expertise is not finished in spite of its integrated nature. It is noted that the integrated nature of the judicial expertise should not depend on the type of process, within which it takes place. The author also evaluates the issue on the introduction into the procedural legislation of the provision on the one-person complex expertise by a person, possessing the necessary specialized knowledge. The author offers the specific formulae, which need to be introduced into the procedural laws, and the Art. 201 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation in particular.

Keywords: jurisprudence, classification, judicial expertise, main expertise, additional expertise, primary expertise, repeated expertise, commission expertise, complex expertise, complex study.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the specific features of the opposition of organizers and leaders of the criminal associations in the process of their formation. The author provides classification of the criminal associations depending on the criminal status of their leaders, and the author also shows how they influence the choice of means and methods of organization, structure and formation of activities of the criminal association at the stage of its formation, as well as choice of means and methods for the opposition in the activities of the criminal associations. In order to fight the organized criminal activities and their leaders efficiently the lawenforcement bodies should have this knowledge and use this in their practice.

Keywords: jurisprudence, organizer, leader, criminal associations, opposition, organization of the criminal association, types of criminal associations, means of opposition, criminal status, law-enforcement bodies.

Abstract: The development of the international economic relations served as the basis for the formation of informal sources for the regulation of the international commercial relations. The character of such regulators allowed the participants of the international commercial turnover to regulate their relations themselves, and it lead to the appearance of the phenomenon of «self-regulation». The existing concepts fail to provide non-ambiguous response to the question on the nature of the non-formal regulators. Based on the nature of the informal regulation sources, which mostly depend on the participants of the commercial turnover, it is reasonable to call such regulators «self-regulation instruments». Its definition should include the regulators, which are addressed to the participants of the commercial turnover as non-obligatory documents and which are aimed to regulate the commercial relations. The complicated systems of such regulators forms a transnational system of instruments for self-regulation of the international commercial turnover. The static character of the self-regulation instruments fails to reflect upon the process of legal regulation. However, potentially such regulators may gain dynamic features In the contract regulation. Therefore, the system of self-regulation instruments serves as a complement to the mechanism of legal regulation of international commercial turnover.

Keywords: jurisprudence, instruments, self-regulation, contract, lex mercatoria, soft law, sub-law, source, mechanism, regulators.