Ovcharov A.O. Innovative Megaprojects as an Instrument of State Policy in Field of Science and Technology

Abstract: The subject of the research is the peculiarities of functioning of innovative megaprojects in the scientific sphere of Russia. The objective is to determine the shape of the state scientific and technical policy through the establishment and support of major research projects. Special attention is paid to the problems of financing and evaluation of the effectiveness of Russian science, that emerged during the crisis of 2014. The mechanisms of state participation in such projects as Skolkovo and National research universities are critically considered. The characteristics of the special economic zones of innovation type as an important tool for encouraging innovation activity are presented. The article used such methods as scientific analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. For the analysis of data on indicators of innovative activity in science and technology the method of statistical grouping is used. In the article it is proved, that the term “megaproject” can not only be used for major investment projects, but also for science and public policy in science and technology. The criteria for the megaproject are identified and the applicability of these criteria for innovative projects in the field of science is showed. The comparative analysis of the two editions of the state program of the Russian Federation “The development of science and technology” in the 2013-2020 periods is presented for the first time. The decrease in public funding for the program, correcting its target indicators, as well as the reduced requirements to some parameters of research and innovation is identified. The special contribution of the author to the study is the description of the role of three megaprojects (Skolkovo, Innovation Zones, National research universities) in innovative development of the country. It is concluded that despite the economic difficulties, Russia is seeking to reaffirm its status as the world scientific power with a high degree of international cooperation.

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