
	Psychology and Psychotechnics Reference: Starovoytov V.V. Kilborne B. Trauma and the Unconscious: Double Conscience, the Uncanny and Сruelty // Psychology and Psychotechnics. 2016. № 1. P. 52-63. URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=67642 Starovoytov V.V. Kilborne B. Trauma and the Unconscious: Double Conscience, the Uncanny and Сruelty Abstract: Relatively little has been written on the role of trauma in conceptions of the unconscious. This paper explores Freud's conceptions of the unconscious, comparing his ideas with the original French notion of "double conscience" and exploring their implications for technique. Whereas Freud's concept of the unconscious mainly depends upon the theory of internal drives, Ferenczi attributed the central role to trauma, shifting the focus to the individual in the context of personal relationships. The comparison is illustrated with the case study. The main method used by the author of the article is the thorough study of the notions of the unconscious, trauma and double conscience in the works of philosophers, writers and psychologists. The author contrasts the views of Freud with the views of Ferenczi on the conception of the unconscious. As a result of his investigation the author of the article comes to the conclusion, that the very power of Freud’s evocations of unconscious forces and conflicts minimized relationships, cultural values, history, transgenerational trauma, and whatever can be viewed as “external reality”. Ferenczi, on the contrary, attempted to save psychoanalysis from being a delusional system, because he emphasized the external reality of trauma that splits identity and creates suffering. Keywords: trauma, attraction, reality, double consciousness, double conscience, unconscious, psychoanalysis, affection, Freud, Ferenczi This article can be downloaded freely in PDF format for reading. 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Starovoytov V.V. Kilborne B. Trauma and the Unconscious: Double Conscience, the Uncanny and Сruelty