Loreti A. Ludwig Wittgenstein About the Terms 'Criterion' and 'Symptom'

Abstract: Research subject: the researcher analyzes the terms 'criterion' and 'symptom' in Ludwig Wittgenstein's writings. In particular, Loreti examines the theories of criterion and symptom introduced by Wittgenstein in his works 'Blue Book', 'Philosophical Remarks' and 'Philosophical Investigations'. The researcher emphasizes the influence of verificationism on Wittgenstein's concepts of 'criterion' and 'symptom'. The author of the article also notes that late Wittgenstein believed in a rather unprecise and inaccurate difference between criterion and symptom. The author also analyzes the definition of identity in Wittgenstein's middle and late works. Research method or methodology: in this research Loreti has used the principle of textual analysis, in other words, the researcher has tried to demonstrate Wittgenstein's views through the philosopher's quotations and texts. Scientific novelty and conclusions: the scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author of the article analyzes the concept of verificationism in late Wittgenstein's writings considering that this is a rather understudied theme both in Russian and foreign academic literature. The researcher also presents extracts from Wittgenstein's book 'Philosophical Remarks' ('Philosophische Bemerkungen') that has not been translated into Russian yet. The author concludes that throughout the philosophical activity of Ludwig Wittgenstein  from his 'Philosophical Remarks' to his 'Philosophical Investigations' we can witness the concept of symptom gradually advancing towards the concept of criterion as a result of a categorical denial of the classical epistemological approach that differentiated between and isolated a subject from an object of cognition. 

Keywords: