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Philosophy and Culture
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Shults, D. N. Relation Between the Question about Universals and Different Questions in Christian Philosophy

Abstract: The article is devoted to formation of Christian doctrines from the point of view of the medieval debate about universals. As a result of this research, it has been established that the categories of the general and particular are the corner stone for Christian theology, anthropology, soteriology and ecclesiasiology. It is shown that during formation of the religious teaching about the Trinity, Christian authors tried to avoid extremities of Realism and Nominalism in philosophy as well as extremities of absolute monotheism and polytheism in theology. As a result specific views on personality was formed and provided the basis for Christian anthropology. Different Christian doctrines about salvation can be also described as the consequence of different philosophies, for example, Catholic and Orthodox doctrines are the result of Realism paradigms and Protestant doctrine is the result of Nominalism. And finally, in the teaching about church Catholic and Orthodox positions are absolutely opposing to each other: the former is supported by Realism and the latter is supported by Nominalism. Therefore, it is very well explained by the author of the article why the debate about universals plaid such an important role in medieval philosophy. In fact, the question about the relation between the general and the particular created philosophical basis for formation of all Christian dogmata.

Keywords:

Christian philosophy, debates about universals, Medieval philosophy, personality, teaching about the Trinity, teaching about church, teaching about salvation, Christology, patristics, the general and the particular.

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