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Babadzhanov Kh.B. Functioning Problems of the Financial System of Uzbekistan in the Years of the Great Patriotic War
Published in journal "History magazine - researches", ¹ 1, 2017
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2017.1.68603

On the basis of newly introduced into scientific use archival material from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the article studies the almost unexamined in scientific historical literature problem of the financial system of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic during the Second World War. The author examines in depth such aspects as the budget system, the organization and operation of the financial institutions in Uzbekistan, as well as the provision of taxation in the country during the war. Additionally, the author investigates the influence of the taxation system on the population’s quality of life in the republic. In writing the article the author widely used statistical methods, as well as the method of historicism and the approaches of social history. The main conclusions of the conducted study are that from the beginning of the war the economic and financial instability started in the former Soviet Union. Under these conditions the economic system of the USSR mobilised all of its sources in order to finance its military expenditures. The financial system of the former Union, including Uzhekistan, were able to fulfill this task. But the severe economic measures undertaken upset the balance between productivity and production, and also brought about the quick emission of money. The low level of income among the majority of the population, the high rate of taxation, the lack of a sufficient normative and legislative basis of the financial system adversely affected the material side of the population's life.

Musaev V.I. The Implementation of the Indigenization Policy in the Russian North-West (1920s – 1930s)
Published in journal "History magazine - researches", ¹ 1, 2017
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2017.1.68601

The article deals with the so-called indigenization policy, initiated by the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in 1923, which provided support for the self-government, language and culture of national minorities. It is considered on the concrete example of the Russian North-West. The unfolding of this policy under the influence of a number of factors, in nature both domestic and external political, occurred in the middle–the second half of the 1930s. For the first time a detailed study of the features of the indigenization policies in this region of the country is offered. The relevance of this kind of research is related to the fact that national issues did not lose their importance in contemporary Russia and that the past experiences of national policy, its achievements, as well as failures must be taken into account in the formation of the current national policy. In this work the author applied the empirical methods of knowledge (classification, analysis), methods of concrete sociological analysis, scientific methods of historical research (statistical, historical and descriptive, retrospective, historical and comparative).

Potkina I.V. New Approaches to the Study of Legislative Sources during the Period of the First World War
Published in journal "History magazine - researches", ¹ 1, 2017
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2017.1.68600

The article's research object is the body of normative-legislative acts from the period of the First World War, published by the Senate press in the official volumes entitled "the Collection of Laws and Government Regulations". On the basis of this body of sources, counting 9297 regulations, the yearly lists of new laws on national economy were created, brought about by wartime circumstances. Their total number was 1279 documents, which were systematized into eight areas of the state's regulation of the economy: finances, prices, taxation, social sphere, internal market, foreign trade and enemy nationals. The article together with the traditional methods of historical research also uses statistical analysis, for the first time applied to these legislative documents. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is due to the unconventional approaches used on the studied material. Treating normative-legislative acts not as a single source but as a mass source has allowed to avoid the illustrative tendency in analyzing the particularities of economic regulation under emergency circumstances. Furthermore, this has given the opportunity to obtain new knowledge and to formulate conclusions on the substantial corrections to the management model and on the formation of a socially-oriented internal policy.

Kleitman A.L. The Activity of Government Agencies in Collecting Information on Russian Regions through the Use of Surveys in 1700-1760s (on the Example of the Lower Volga Region)
Published in journal "History magazine - researches", ¹ 1, 2017
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2017.1.68599

The research subject is the activity of the Russian government agencies on the central and regional levels in 1700-1760s in collecting information necessary for the study of the state’s territories in earth science and historic-cultural spheres, with the help of preparing and sending out particular surveys, as well as the result of this work – reports, answers to the surveys, books written on their basis. During this period scholars began a complex scientific study of Russian territories, with regard to which the named series of questions allows to trace how the development of the new methods of scientific mastering of the territory occurred, how the scientific study of these territories was tied to the actual government policy on the military-political and economic reclamation of the country’s regions. The research was conducted on the basis of the principles of historicism and objectivity with the application of the textual criticism and historic-comparative methods, and the method of systematic analysis. As a result of the conducted research it has been established that in 1700-1710s the collection and comprehension of the information regarding the geography, history, ethnography of Russian regions was carried out in the extreme conditions of constant military operations and implementation of vast government reforms. After the end of the Northern War, which chronologically coincides with the passage of the Tsaritsynskaya Watch Line that reduced the military pressure in the Lower Volga region, as one of the main means to collect information for the study of the region came to be used the distribution of surveys, the answers to which were prepared by the local clerks. The organization of surveys at this time, was primarily connected with the activity of several outstanding scholars, who realized the necessity of composing a general historical and geographical description on the Russian Empire – I. K. Kirillov, V. N. Tatishev, M. V. Lomonosov and G. F. Miller, and was not part of the constantly conducted government policy. Surveying allowed to accumulate information on the Russian regions, including on the Lower Volga region, in the Academy of Sciences and the Senate, but this method of collecting empirical material had a whole series of shortcomings, which under the existing conditions could not be overcome.

Bogdanov V.P. The Old Believers' Booklore and Old Believers' books in the 20th-21st Centuries: on the Material of Polemical Works
Published in journal "History magazine - researches", ¹ 1, 2017
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2017.1.68598

The study continues the author's research in the field of the Old Believers' booklore. The widespread interest in this topic is founded primarily by the fact that the Old Believers' culture in many ways grew out of a careful treatment of the ancient book. The general reasons for the topic's development are formulated in the works of N. Y. Bubnov, N. S. Guryanova, I. V. Pozdeeva, N. N. Pokrovsky and others. At the same time, many studies are of a descriptive nature. The suggested by O. N. Bakhtina and E. E. Dutchak approach ("social archaeology") has allowed to tie the questions of the use of one or other monuments by the social environment in which they existed. In the presented article, based on the principles of this approach, the author attempts to trace the changes in the reading circle of the Old Believers in the 18th - 21st centuries. In contrast with the previous article, which was based on an analysis of the content of Old Believers' libraries in the second half of the 20th - 21st centuries, this new work is based on the polemical texts of the Old Believers. To these one can rather conditionally call upon not only the works written as a reaction to the leading discussion, but also the texts of the Old Believers on the history of their agreements. As a rule, the latter were written also as part of a polemical discussion with their opponents. On the basis of the polemical works of the 20th century, created primarily in South Vyatka and Verkhokamye, on the information of field diaries, the author traces the fates of Old Believer scribes and reconstructs their collection of reading. The article shows the transformation of the relationship of different generations of tradition-bearers towards polemical monuments composed by their fellow believers and their perceptions of the information contained in them.

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