Abstract: The object of the study is a method of direct rendering of complex three-dimensional objects based on perturbation functions using graphics processors, using a variety of streaming multiprocessors. Direct rendering means that the visualization of functionally defined models takes place without their preliminary conversion to other formats, for example, into triangle grids. The research method is based on analytical geometry in space, differential geometry, interpolation theory and matrix theory, based on mathematical modeling and the theory of computing systems. The main conclusions of the study are: the possibility of direct rendering of functionally specified objects, when rendering it is important that the computing processors are not idle. The first problem that was solved was that different GPUs have different numbers of streaming multiprocessors. Therefore, it was necessary to choose during execution the optimal stage from which the work began. Thus, you can partially get rid of the problem with unused computing resources. The second problem, the balancing problem, was solved by using a large number of computing processors. For implementation, the CUDA parallel programming model was used, which, together with a set of software tools, allows implementing programs in the C language for execution on a GPU. The resulting system visualizes complex functionally defined objects with high resolution interactively. The dependence of performance on the computing power of graphics processors is investigated.

Keywords: acceleration of calculations, parallel programming model, hierarchy of thread groups, parallel computing, streaming multiprocessors, graphics processor, constructive solid-state geometry, direct rendering, perturbation functions, functionally defined object

References:
Sigg, C. Representation and rendering of implicit surfaces. Diss. ETH No. 16664, Dipl. Rechn. Wiss. ETH Zurich, Switzerland, 2006, pages 162. DOI:10.3929/ETHZ-A-005267203 Corpus ID: 124349594
Dekkers, D., Overveld, K.V. Golsteijn, R. Combining CSG modeling with soft blending using Lipschitz-based implicit surfaces. Visual Computer, vol. 20, no. 6, 2004. pp. 380–391.
Vyatkin, S. An Interactive System for Modeling, Animating and Rendering of Functionally Defined Objects. American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey, 2014, vol. 2, no. 3. pp. 102-108.
Vyatkin, S. Perturbation functions for compact database. Review of computer engineering research. 2017. vol. 4., no. 1. pp. 30–37. doi: 10.18488/journal.76.2017.41.30.37
Farin, G., Hoschek, J., Kim, M.S. Handbook of Computer Aided Geometric Design. [electronic resource]. 2002 Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-51104-1.
Pottmann, H., Brell-Cokcan, S., Wallner, J. Discrete Surfaces for Architectural Design. Archived 2009-08-12 at the Wayback M

Abstract: Abstract

The subject of the study is the process of automating the calculation of the parameters of the design of the technology of concrete works and the justification of the "standard set" of equipment for the organization of a specialized flow of concreting of a typical floor. The transport-concrete cycle is a synchronized schedule of works of the production cycle for laying concrete mix and the dynamics of the ABS kit movement, ensuring the continuity of concreting, through the use of the selected technological scheme of concreting. It determines the continuity of the technological processes of laying the concrete mixture, based on the requirements of mandatory compliance with the concreting time and reducing the number of technological and organizational interruptions of the parameters of the complex process. Thus, the automation of the presented techniques will significantly facilitate the calculation of the total duration of the construction of the monolithic part of the building and ensure the continuity of work on the construction site
The scientific novelty lies in the development of a new information system that will allow calculating organizational and technological parameters. The specialized flow of monolithic concrete works consists of reinforcement, concrete and formwork works taking into account architectural planning, structural and technological factors of the designed buildings and structures. For its successful organization, it is necessary to have a "standard set" of equipment and tooling for the manufacture of reinforcement products, formwork systems and the preparation of commercial concrete mixtures. For a simpler calculation of the total duration of the construction of the monolithic part of the building and uninterrupted operation on the construction site, it was proposed to automate the methods of organization, planning and management of construction.

Keywords: informative value, sequence diagram, matrices, calendar schedule, concrete works, organizational and technological parameters, monolith, autonomy, network graphs, cyclogram

References:
Korovyakov V.F. The role of scientific and technical support of construction in the future of the quality of monolithic construction // Industrial and civil construction. 2014. No. 5. pp. 34-36.
Dukhanin P.V., Bondar N.E. Comparison of new technologies for the installation of enclosing structures in frame-monolithic construction // Academic journalism. 2020. No. 11. pp. 330-333.
Klyuchnikova O.V., Popov A.V. Technology and complex mechanization of the construction of large-span monolithic-frame buildings // Prospects of Science. 2020. No. 12 (135). pp. 114-116.
Gavrilyuk E.A., Manokhin P.E. Problems of monolithic construction // Energy saving, information technologies and sustainable development. 2014. S. 12-18
Manokhin P.E., Shamshurina E.A. Features of non-removable formwork made of solid self-extinguishing polystyrene foam in monolithic construction technologies // Fotinskiye readings. 2015. No. 2 (4). pp. 177-179.
Anisimov S.A. Systematization and structural analysis of construction te

Abstract: The subject of the research is lip seals with an elongated working part for sealing gaps with significant displacements of parts. There are many standard and catalog seals, but the increasing requirements for the maximum strokes of the mating parts require an expansion of the known series. This, in turn, requires more accurate calculations. The main reason for the failure of such seals is the loss of stability of their working part. The variant of action on external pressure seal is considered. This option is the most important, since the operating pressures are more than ten atmospheres, and the seal acts as an element of machine reliability. When pressure is applied from the inside of the seal, it acts as a boot or oil scraper, that is, it does not directly contribute to the reliability of the mechanism. The authors show the derivation of expressions for bending moments in the working part of the seal for the case taken. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the problem of calculating elliptic integrals in the expression for the bending moment is solved geometrically by representing the working part of the seal in the form of an elliptical ring. The main conclusion is that the existing computational techniques, when supplemented with the found expressions, make it possible to construct a complete lip seal profile of the considered configuration. The practical significance lies in the fact that the construction of profiles according to the considered method can be easily automated using the parameterization tools built into popular CAD systems.

Keywords: elastomeric products, parameterization, mathematical modeling, mechanical engineering, lip seals, sealing technology, elliptical ring, computer-aided design, Castigliano's theorem, non-standard seals

References:
Korneev V. S., Korneev S. A. Raschetno-eksperimental'nyy metod opredeleniya nachal'nykh geometricheskikh parametrov rezinokordnykh obolochek vrashcheniya // Omskiy nauchnyy vestnik. – 2019.-T. 3 (2).-S. 127-134.
Uplotneniya i uplotnitel'naya tekhnika: spravochnik / L. A. Kondakov, A. I. Golubev, V. B. Ovanler i dr.; Pod obshch. red. A. I. Golubeva, L. A. Kondakova. – M.: Mashinostroenie, 1986. – 464 s, il.
Feodos'ev V.I. Soprotivlenie materialov: Ucheb. dlya vuzov. 10-e izd., pererab. i dop. / V. I. Feodos'ev. – M.: MGTU im. N.E. Baumana, 1999. – 592 s. (ser. Mekhanika v tekhnicheskom universitete; T. 2).
Zhang, H., Zhang, J. Static and Dynamic Sealing Performance Analysis of Rubber D-Ring Based on FEM // Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention. – 2016.-Vol. 16.-P. 165–172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-016-0066-5.
Wu, J., Zhang, C., Su, B. et al. New method for studying the macro-micro contact properties between smooth metal and silicone rubber // The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

Abstract: In this paper the design of a parametric tooth model is considered, with the help of which it is possible to study the development of dental pathology. This model allows you to create a tooth prosthesis, with minimal intervention of the dentist, by creating a three-dimensional image of the studied tooth, close in architecture to the real one. Particular attention is paid to the study of the geometry of the tooth - the second molar. Based on the analysis of the presented initial data, additional characteristics were introduced, due to which the geometry of the surface areas of the tooth model is calculated. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of visualization methods used in this area to solve problems associated with the analysis of complex and heterogeneous information, and also presents conclusions on practical and scientific results. A parametric model of a tooth was built, which describes its geometry in comparative detail. The main necessary parameters and their limitations are determined. The obtained calculations of the geometric shape of the tooth can be used to study and analyze the biomechanics of teeth, the principles of differential diagnosis of pain, planning future iatrogenic intervention, as well as algorithms for the treatment of prosthetic disorders, provides the doctor with all the necessary tools. The constructed crown part of the tooth in the AutoCAD system can be used for teaching dental students. This model can be used for scientific and practical activities of students on the modeling and restoration of dental crowns.

Keywords: elliptical surfaces, hyperboloid, ellipsoid, dental crown, molar, math modeling, prosthetics, parameterization, CAD, biomechanics of teeth

References:
Lyupova L.G.,Lomiashvili L.M., Sedel'nikov V.V., Pogadaev D.V. Printsipy modelirovaniya zubov s tochki zreniya konkrestsentnoy teorii ikh proiskhozhdeniya [Elektronnyy resurs]. – https://instom.spb.ru/catalog/article/8569/?view=pdf (data obrashcheniya: 07.07.2019).
Lomiashvili L.M., Ayupova L.G. Khudozhestvennoe modelirovanie i restavratsiya zubov. — M.: Meditsinskaya kniga, 2004. — 252 s.
Meyer B. N., Chen J., Katona T. R. Does the center of resistance depend on the direction of tooth movement? // American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics.-2010.-Vol. 137.-P. 354-361. DOI: http://dx. doi. org/10.1016/j. ajodo.2008.03.029
TetGen. A quality tetrahedral mesh generator and a 3d delaunay triangulator [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://tetgen. berlios. de/ (data obrashcheniya: 10.08.2019).
Van Schepdael A., Geris L., Van der Sloten J. Analytical determination of stress patterns in the periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement // Medical Engeneering and Physics.-2013.-Vol. 35.-P. 403–410. DOI: http

Abstract: The subject of this research is the process of developing software for automated control systems. The object of research is the means of organizing software development. A generally recognized promising direction for increasing the efficiency of the use of organizational and technical systems is the automation of their management. A significant share of the effectiveness of any complex technical system is provided by its software. This primarily applies to the application software. The development of application programs is fraught with certain difficulties, primarily of an organizational nature. The generalized analysis showed that in world practice there is a fairly wide range of tools for organizing the program development process. These tools are proposed to be divided into two large groups with respect to the attitude to the process and the degree of detail on "project management tools" and "development controls". Each of the tools is effective for certain conditions of software development. The review article analyzes the factors affecting the effectiveness of the use of a particular tool, synthesized proposals on the expediency of using various control systems in different conditions of the development process. The analysis showed that for the conditions of the development of applied software for automated decision support systems, the most effective is the integrated use of process control automation tools.

Keywords: decision support, automated systems, software, software development technologies, development process organization, development management, process management, control automation, optimization of the development process, clarification of terminology

References:
Barkovskiy S.S., Yanin D.M. Osobennosti informatsionnogo obespecheniya avtomatizirovannykh sistem upravleniya voenno-nauchnoy rabotoy // Trendy i upravlenie. – 2015. – ¹4. – C. 441-449.
Grakova N.V. Postroenie semanticheskoy modeli upravleniya proektami // Kibernetika i programmirovanie. – 2012. – ¹1. – C.7 -15.
Dzheff Sazerlend. Scrum. Revolyutsionnyy metod upravleniya proektami-Scrum. The art of doing twice the work in half the time. – Mann, Ivanov i Ferber, 2016. - 288 s.
Mayk Kon. Pol'zovatel'skie istorii: gibkaya razrabotka programmnogo obespecheniya (Signature Series). – M.: «Vil'yams», 2018. – 256 s.
Rybina G.V. Problemy integratsii i osobennosti razrabotki programmnogo obespecheniya sovremennykh intellektual'nykh sistem // Prikladnaya fizika i matematika. 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 41-63.
Shonberger R. Yaponskie metody upravleniya proizvodstvom. — M. : Ekonomika, 1988. – 199 c.
GOST 7.22-2003"Sistema standartov po informatsii, bibliotechnomu i izdatel'skomu delu. Promyshlennye katalogi. Obshchie trebovaniya"(vveden v deystvi

Abstract: The object of research is the shaping of a family of displacement curves used in designing the path of a tool that processes pocket surfaces. The subject of the study is the working displacement curves in the case of multiply connected areas. Working displacement curves are lines from which non-working sections have been removed. Non-working areas include self-intersecting loops of displacement curves and sections formed when intersecting displacement curves of opposing fronts. The paper presents methods for analyzing and cutting off non-working sections for cases of self-intersection and intersection of displacement curves of opposing fronts. The spatial geometric model of the formation of displacement curves is based on the cyclographic method of displaying space. As a tool for detecting non-working areas for the case of opposing fronts, a method of a testing beam is proposed. In the case of self-intersections of the displacement curves, non-working sections are cut off by the parameter of these lines at the points of self-intersection. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the obtained mathematical model of the formation of displacement curves for multiply connected regions with contours of complex handicap curves makes it possible to obtain parametric equations of working lines at the output of the computational algorithm in a more reliable and simple way. This greatly simplifies the solution to the problem of automated design of the trajectory of the cutting tool. A comparative assessment of the proposed method of shaping a family of displacement curves with cutting off non-working sections and known methods using the distance function is performed.

Keywords: shaping, analytical method, curv of complex shap, parametric representation of the curve, trimming, cyclographic mapping, multiply-connected domain, Medial Axis Transformation, Medial Axis, Offset Curve

References:
Panchuk, K. L., Myasoedova, T .M. and Odinets, M. N . Construction of a discrete planar contour by fractional rational Bezier curves of second order. // Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020. – ¹1441. – pp 012072.
Myasoedova ,T. M. and Panchuk, K. L. Analysis and trimming operations in the problem of spatial formation of a family of offset curves given an area with islands. // Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020. – ¹1441. – pp 012069.
Zhiwei, L., Jianzhong, F. and Wenfeng, G. A robust 2D point-sequence curve offset algorithm with multiple islands for contour-parallel tool path. // Computer Aided Design, 2013. – 45(3). – P. 657–670.
Panchuk, K. L. Tsiklograficheskaya nachertatel'naya geometriya : monografiya / K. L. Panchuk, N. V. Kaygorodtseva; Minobrnauki Rossii, OmGTU. – Omsk : Izd-vo OmGTU, 2017. – 232 s.
Wong, T. N., Wong, K. W. NC toolpath generation for arbitrary pockets with islands. // The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing, 1996. – ¹12. – P. 174–179.
Kim, H. C. Tool p

Abstract: The subject of research is the process of designing a conveyor belt. The authors consider parameterization in geometric modeling of parts and components of equipment and the creation of custom libraries in Compass 3D as a means of reducing the complexity and improving the quality of the design process. The preliminary design is the design stage of the development of design documentation and aims to determine the fundamental design solutions for a general idea of the device, operating principles and dimensions of the product. It is advisable to develop a preliminary design before the stage of developing a technical project and creating design documentation. Today, at all stages of work on the project, modern computer-aided design (CAD) systems are used, which not only accelerate the design process, but also make it possible to demonstrate to the customer the finished project at the stage of making technical decisions. This allows making timely changes in accordance with the requirements of the customer and to carry out high-quality preparation of the project for its implementation. The volume and time for further stages of work depend on the timing of the presentation of the preliminary design, therefore, the use of three-dimensional modeling parametrization in CAD is an effective way for designing engineering objects. Parameterization when working with 3D models allows you to get a set of typical product designs based on a once-created model by changing the set values of the variables, which significantly reduces the time spent on the project.

Keywords: engineering calculation, designer, transporter, engineering, geometric modeling, library, CAD Systems, parameterization, variable, design

References:
Galkin V. I., Dmitriev V. G., D'yachenko V. P., Zapenin I. V., Sheshko E. E. Sovremennaya teoriya lentochnykh konveyerov gornykh predpriyatiy. M.: MGGU, 2005. 543s.
Galkin V. I., Sheshko E. E. Transportnye mashiny. M.: izd-vo «Gornaya kniga», 2010. 588 s.
Sazankova E. S. Algoritm rascheta lentochnykh konveyerov s prostranstvennoy krivolineynoy trassoy // GIAB. 2014. ¹6. S. 91-100.
GOSTy ESKD [Elektronnyy resurs]: otkrytaya baza GOSTov. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.standartgost.ru
Koporushkin P. A., Partin A. S. Algoritm rascheta parametrizovannykh geometricheskikh ob'ektov // Issledovano v Rossii. 2004. ¹ 7, 2004, S. 184-197.
Presman A.G., Zverev I.V. Ispol'zovanie variatsionnogo tipa parametrizatsii pri sozdanii bibliotek detaley universal'no-sbornykh prisposobleniy // Tekhnicheskie nauki-ot teorii k praktike: sb. st. po mater. LXXI mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. ¹ 6(66). – Novosibirsk: SibAK, 2017. S. 52-59.
Ekshibarov V. N. Vypolnenie inzhenernykh raschetov v Excel // Vestnik AGAU. 2003. ¹4. S. 121-127.
Alekseev E. R.

Abstract: When designing complex and multi-item products, the problem of positioning parts relative to each other and matching various coordinate systems at the stages of the life cycle appears. The article deals with the design and technological preparation for the production of pipeline systems of aircraft using welding. The production preparation process is focused on reusable geometric modeling of parts and their assemblies, which remain connected with the master geometry of the corresponding aircraft. For the integration of models, a specialized ontology is used. The proposed tools provide the necessary accuracy in the positioning of parts in conditions oriented to the use of a welding robot for preliminary welding. The article discusses the use of a case-oriented approach and the extension of the existing precedent model by skeletal geometric models using the example of parts and piping systems of aircraft systems. The main feature of the proposed means of skeletal geometric representation of parts and piping systems of aircraft systems is their coordinate relationship with the master geometry as a single ontological source information. The proposed models can be used as an extension of the attribute part of the design documentation, which is then used to prepare the production of assembly of pipeline units by welding.

Keywords: design and technological preparation of production, welding, precedent model, ontology, master geometry, part, assembly unit, aircraft pipeline, aircraft, coordinate system

References:
H.-H. Altfeld, «Commercial Aircraft Projects: Managing the Development of Highly Complex Product», Ashgate, Burlington, 2010.
P. Sosnin, «Experience-Based Human-Computer Interactions: Emerging Research and Opportunities», IGI-Global, 2017.
K. Amadori, «Geometry-Based Design Automation: Applied to Aircraft Modeling and Optimization», Linkoping Studies In Science And Technology, Dissertations, No. 1418, Linkoping University, 2012.
R. Haimes and M. Drela, «On The Construction of Aircraft Conceptual Geometry for High-Fidelity Analysis and Design», In Proc. of the 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Nesh will, USA 2012.
T. Mart and C. Cangelir, «Lessons Learned for Better Management of Master Geometry», In Proc. of IFIP International Conference on Product Lifecycle Management, 2013, pp 712-721.
Pardessus, T. «Concurrent Engineering Development and Practices for Aircraft Design at Airbus», In Proc. of the 24th IC

Abstract: The current problem of the lack of an algorithm for constructing the movement of special vehicles is considered in the paper. The aim of the research is to develop a software package for calculating the rotation of a multi-link special vehicle, taking into account an algorithm that describes the characteristic features of the movement of special vehicles.An increase in the dimensions and mass of long cargoes necessitates the creation of new designs of special vehicles, the distinguishing feature of which is multi-linkage and long-wheelbase, which in turn reduces maneuverability and requires taking into account the peculiarities of movement along a curve.To study the process of moving special vehicles, a geometric modeling method was used to develop an analytical geometric model for the rotation of the tractor and semitrailer. Based on geometric modeling, a method for determining the turning characteristics of a multi-link vehicle has been developed. It has been shown that patency of special vehicles is no less important in comparison with durability, the law of changing the ratio of steering angles of the steered wheels, different axles should provide the maximum turning moment at the maximum steering angles of the front steered wheels, and should also ensure equality of wear at small angles.

Keywords: special vehicles, path of motion, geometrical adjectives, software package, automation, curvilinear motion simulation, algorithm, rotation angle, flow chart, process

References:
Belousov B.N., Popov S.D. Kolesnye transportnye sredstva osobo bol'shoy gruzopod'emnosti. Konstruktsiya. Teoriya. Raschet. / Pod obshch. red. B.N.Belousova. – M.: Izd-vo MGTU im. N.E. Baumana, 2006. – 728 s.
Ivanina N.L., Golovchenko V.I. Avtomatizirovannyy raschet i postroenie gabaritnoy polosy dvizheniya dlinnobaznykh sedel'nykh avtopoezdov pri ikh povorotakh na 90° i 180°. – V³snik NTU «KhP²». – 2013. – ¹ 1 (975). – S. 48 – 64.
Lychin M.T., Zhileykin M.M. Razrabotka printsipov povysheniya manevrennosti dlinnobaznykh mnogoosnykh avtopoezdov s polupritsepami. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Mashinostroenie. #11 [692] 2017,-36 s.
Malanin V.V., Ayupov V.V. K voprosu o klassifikatsii nauchnykh rabot po issledovaniyu dvizheniya avtopoezda s pozitsiy sistemnogo podkhoda.-Dep. v NIINavtoprom, 1981, ¹ D580.-12 s.
Pavlov V.A. Issledovanie povorotlivosti mnogozvennogo pritsepnogo avtopoezda.-Diss. kand. tekhn. nauk, M., 1968.-172s.
Kuprikov, M., Rabinskiy, L.N., Influence of infrastructure constraints on the geomet-rical layout of a

Abstract: The subject of the study is the heat exchange devices using the additive technology method. For the introduction of additive technologies in the production of heat exchange devices of electronic equipment, the main stages of printing metal products on a 3D printer were determined. Due to the lack of general theoretical ideas about the orientation of the synthesized product in the camera of a 3D printer, twelve classes of overhanging surfaces are identified. In order to simplify the calculation of the volume of supports for overhanging surfaces, it is proposed to use the projection of the part at six basic positions. In general, the process of selecting the best option for basing a part based on the minimum amount of supports is presented from the following steps: selecting six basic positions; calculation of the area and height of overhanging surfaces for each base; calculation of the volume of supports for each base; comparison of the received data. As a result of the research, a general scheme was developed for the production of heat exchangers using additive technologies. When solving a scientific problem, theoretical research methods were used, based on: decomposition of problems, system analysis, methods of analytical geometry. The main conclusions of the study are the development of a methodological apparatus for automating the design of the geometric shape of heat exchangers using additive technology, based on the classification of overhanging surfaces according to geometric signs and the method of basing the product, aimed at minimizing the volume of supports. This allowed us to create algorithms that, in turn, can be grouped and translated into technological regulations for specialists in preparation for the production of complex products, both in pilot and mass production.

Keywords: type of heat exchanger, the overhanging surface, supports, CAD system, 3D printer, additive manufacturing, heat exchanger, radioelectronic equipment, six point rule, optimal orientation

References:
Jacobs, P.F. Rapid prototyping & manufacturing: Fundamentals of StereoLithography / P.F. Jacobs. – Dearborn : Society of Manufacturing Engineers, 1992. – 434 p.
Redwood, B. The 3D printing hand-book: Technologies, desing and applications / B. Redwood, F. Schöffer, B. Garret. – Amsterdam: 3D Hubs B.V., 2017. – 301 p.
Software solutions for rapid prototyping / I. Gibson (Ed.). – London: Professional Engineering Publishing, 2002. – 380 p.
Rotkop, L.L. Obespechenie teplovykh rezhimov pri konstruirovanii radioelektronnoy apparatury [Tekst] / L.L. Rotkop, Yu.E. Spokoynyy. – M.: Sov. radio, 1976. – 230 s.: il.
ASTM D3123-09(2017): Standard test method for spiral flow of low-pressure thermosetting moulding compounds.– West Conshohocken: ASTM International, 2017. – 4 p.
Chua, C.K. Rapid tooling technology. Part 1: A comparative study / C.K. Chua, K.H. Hong & S.L. Ho // International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. – 1999. – Vol. 15. – No. 8. – P. 604–608.
Chua, C.K. Facial prosthetic m

Abstract: The subject of research is the software development process of automated control systems. The object of study is the development of user interfaces for control automation software. The generally recognized prospective direction for increasing the efficiency of organizational and technical systems is the automation of their management, which ensures increased efficiency and validity of decisions made. A significant impact on the effectiveness of any automated system is provided by its software. This primarily relates to application software. Application development is fraught with certain difficulties, including those associated with the creation of user interfaces. The analysis of development practice shows the presence of a number of problems in this area, determined by the fact that this problem is at the junction of scientific disciplines: control theory, ergonomics, technical aesthetics and psychology. During the study, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis were used.The authors analyzes the factors affecting the efficiency of user interface development. Based on this analysis, suggestions for solving the problem are synthesized based on the use of standardization, unification and prototyping tools.The analysis showed that for the development conditions of application software for automated control systems, the last of the listed approaches provides the greatest efficiency, namely, the use of specialized prototyping systems. It is proposed to finalize the normative documentation specifying the development of automated control systems for the mandatory stage of prototyping user interfaces in the structure of the process of creating such systems

Keywords: program life cycle, prototyping, layout creation, standardization and unification, interface development, user interface, control automation, software development, approbation stage, decision support

References:
User Research. Empathy Is the Best UX Policy. UX Planet. URL: https://uxplanet.org (data obrashcheniya 9.01.2019)
Interaktivnoe prototipirovanie s GUI Machine // Sayt habr. URL: https://habr.com/post/70001 (data obrashcheniya 13.12.2018)
How Human. Memory Works: Tips for UX Designers. UX Planet. URL: https://uxplanet.org (data obrashcheniya 9.01.2019)
Instrumenty bystrogo prototipirovaniya // Sayt habr. URL: https://habr.com/post/70001 (data obrashcheniya 13.12.2018)
Keyno P. P., Siluyanov A. V. Razrabotka i vnedrenie interpretatora deklarativnogo yazyka modelirovaniya Web-interfeysov na vysokonagruzhennykh sistemakh // Prikladnaya informatika. 2015. - ¹1(55). - S.55-70
Kol'chugina E. A., Zavarovskiy K. V. Primenenie metodov geneticheskogo programmirovaniya k razrabotke web-interfeysov // Prikladnaya informatika. 2012. - ¹5(41). - S.64-74
Koval'chuk S. V., Knyaz'kov K. V., Churov T. N., Smirnov P. A., Bukhanovskiy A. V. Organizatsiya cheloveko-komp'yuternogo vzaimodeystviya v sredakh komp'yuternogo modelirovaniya na baze oblachnoy

Abstract: The subject of this article is to increase the level of automation of engineering design in CAD systems. The object of study are gears and links in engineering products. The relevance of the work is due to the need for integrated solutions aimed at reducing the amount of work and time spent in the design and simulation of gears and links in engineering products in order to improve the efficiency of engineering design. The author focuses on the problem of increased complexity in the design of gearing profiles. The article describes the general methodology for modeling parametric libraries in the design of gears and links in engineering products. The main result of the work is the developed methodology for modeling parametric libraries of gears and links. The technique is presented in the form of a phased sequence of actions, divided into eight stages. In the development process, we used the method of parametric modeling of gears and links and the method of direct programming in CAD.

Keywords: interface, database, variable, mechanical engineering, parametric modeling, gearings, parameterization, computer aided design, profile, user dialogue

References:
ZAO «Top Sistemy». T-FLEX CAD. Dvukhmernoe proektirovanie i cherchenie // Rukovodstvo pol'zovatelya/-Moskva, 2016.-S. 1235.
ZAO «Top Sistemy». T-FLEX CAD. Trekhmernoe modelirovanie // Rukovodstvo pol'zovatelya/-Moskva, 2016.-S. 1235
Pogrebnyak G.E. Razrabotka metodiki parametricheskogo modelirovaniya zubchatykh peredach i zatsepleniy v izdeliyakh mashinostroeniya s tsel'yu povysheniya effektivnosti inzhenernogo proektirovaniya // Kibernetika i programmirovanie. – 2018. – ¹ 2. – S. 56-65.
Pogrebnyak G.E. Primenenie parametricheskogo modelirovaniya pri proektirovanii zubchatykh peredach i zatsepleniy v izdeliyakh mashinostroeniya // Razvitie tekhnicheskikh nauk v sovremennom mire: materialy III mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. – Voronezh, 2016. – S. 7–9.
Pogrebnyak G.E. Razrabotka metodiki parametricheskogo modelirovaniya zubchatykh peredach i zatsepleniy v izdeliyakh mashinostroeniya v srede «T-FLEX CAD 3D» s tsel'yu povysheniya effektivnosti inzhenernogo proektirovaniya // Aktual'nye voprosy sovremennoy informatiki: materialy VII vseross

Abstract: The article deals with the issues related to the users’ access to the system of topological PC board layout without buying the license for the system because the price of the license may reach dozens or even hundreds of dollars which is not of economic benefit to the majority of developers. This leads to the growing popularity of cloud technologies that allow to get access to the design systems based on inexpensive licenses. Thus, the authors of the present article analyze different services of cloud CAD and define the most popular services. Then the authors compare different kinds of CAD PC board layout and offer to use Topological Router as the topological router created on the cloud. According to the author, Topological Router has the most beneficial features. In addition, the authors define the platform for deploying the cloud. The main research method used by the author is the comparative analysis of parameters and features of CAD PC boards and cloud deployment platforms. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that so far there haven’t been any practical implementation of WEB-oriented PC board design systems. The test case of the corporate cloud on the basis of the VMware platform has proved it possible to use cloud technologies in creating public access to the topological CAD. To deploy the full function corporate cloud and provide access to virtual CAD through web-interface it is necessary to install the additional server VMware vCenter Server 5.5.

Keywords: CAD, PC board layout, cloud technologies, topological router, ‘TopoR’ CAD, VMware ESX Servr, public cloud, corporate cloud, vendor cloud, selection factors

References:
Mikheev M. O. Administering of VMware vSphere 5 / Moscow: DMK Press, 2013.-504 p.
Goretkina E. CAD and PLM in the cloud: is the game worth the candle? //PC Week/RE ¹34 (819), 2012. P. 11.
http://ru.wikipedia.org/
Migrating applications to the cloud. 3rd edition / Dominic Betts, Alex Homer, Alejandro Ezerski et al.// Microsoft Press Russian edition, Moscow: 2012, 184 p.
Models and algorithms for automated design of electronic equipment / Luzin S. Y., Lyachek Y. T., Petrosyan G. S., Polubasov O. B. St. Petersburg: BHV-Petersburg, 2010.-224 p.
Voeykov D. Trends in the IT market through the eyes of CAD-company //PC Week RE ¹16 (766), 2011. R. 11.

Abstract: The use of structural (structural and algorithmic) methods of describing the work of operator of ergatic system, describing it in terms of its reliability and efficiency, allows to structure activities, to reveal the logical mechanisms of information processing and decision making and determine the serial-parallel nature of individual operations execution. However, the solution of these problems, especially in-near-real-time requires large amount of computation. Therefore, automation of a priori estimation of indicators of quality of professional work of an operator of ergatic system using structural methods is an important practical task. The research methodology combines the methods of software engineering, ergonomics, probability theory, mathematical statistics, reliability theory, object-oriented programming. The developed software system for a priori estimation of indicators of quality of professional work of an operator of ergatic system based on structural method allows to automatically determine the minimum acceptable runtime of operator (crew) activity, important for evaluating the potential effectiveness of ergatic system under all conditions of operation.

Keywords: software engineering, engineering psychology, ergonomics, structural method, modeling activities, modeling of the labor process, design ergatics systems, quality assessment activities, software element of activity

References:
Ushakov I.B., Bogomolov A.V., Kukushkin Yu.A. Metodologicheskie aspekty dinamicheskogo kontrolya funktsional'nykh sostoyaniy operatorov opasnykh professiy // Mediko-biologicheskie i sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie problemy bezopasnosti v chrezvychaynykh situatsiyakh. 2010. ¹ 4-2. S. 6-12.
Vvedenie v ergonomiku / Pod red. V.P.Zinchenko. M.: Sovetskoe radio, 1974. 352 s.
Bogomolov A.V. Kontseptsiya matematicheskogo obespecheniya diagnostiki sostoyaniya cheloveka // Informatika i sistemy upravleniya. 2008. ¹ 2 (16). S. 11-13.
Voprosy inzhenernoy psikhologii v avtomatizirovannykh sistemakh upravleniya / pod red. Safaryana S.N. L.: LGU, 1972. 144 s.
Kukushkin Yu.A., Bogomolov A.V., Ushakov I.B. Matematicheskoe obespechenie otsenivaniya sostoyaniya material'nykh sistem. Informatsionnye tekhnologii. 2004. ¹ 7 (prilozhenie). 32 s.
Sukhodol'skiy G.V. Strukturno–algoritmicheskiy analiz i sintez deyatel'nosti. L.: LGU, 1976. 120 s.
Nikiforov D.A., Vorona A.A., Bogomolov A.V., Kukushkin Yu.A. Metodik

Abstract: The subject of the study are technological procedures for monitoring the life cycle of complex engineering systems, which are implemented by a sequence of operations of data collection, processing and accounting information, analysis and formulation of the problem, followed by managerial decision-making. It is shown that the problem of synthesis of model of monitoring procedures of the action plan for the creation, operation or testing of samples of complex engineering systems for the formal statement are adequate to the monitoring and classification task. That allows applying the methods for solving such problems to solve the given problem. Research methods include structured systems analysis, complex systems theory, the theory of reliability of quality control, information and logical design and set theory. The study shows that the implementation of a number of transactions within different procedures is advisable only when the input data for the considered operation change. Using the results of execution of the same operations with the same source data, considered when performing various procedures, is one of the ways to optimize process control procedures of the life cycle of complex engineering systems.

Keywords: management control procedure, automated quality control, formalization of procedures, classification procedure, complex engineering systems, technological preparation of production, control of the life cycle, system life cycle, model of control object, diagnosis of the state of the object

References:
Shipilov V.V. Kontseptual'naya model' i metodologiya postroeniya unifitsirovannykh sredstv kontrolya radioelektronnogo oborudovaniya // Avtomatizatsiya i sovremennye tekhnologii. 2010. ¹ 7. S. 23-27.
Chirov D.S., Tereshonok M.V., Elsukov B.A. Metod i algoritmy optimizatsii tekhnicheskikh kharakteristik kompleksov radiomonitoringa // T-Comm: Telekommunikatsii i transport. 2014. T. 8. ¹ 10. S. 88-92.
Feshchenko K.B., Rudakov S.V., Kozlov V.E. i dr. Matematicheskaya model' dinamiki srednei chislennosti priborov i apparatov meditsinskogo naznacheniya v usloviyakh razomknutogo tsikla metrologicheskogo obsluzhivaniya // Biomeditsinskaya radioelektronika. 2006. ¹ 5-6. S. 99-103.
Fedorov M.V., Kalinin K.M., Bogomolov A.V., Stetsyuk A.N. Matematicheskaya model' avtomatizirovannogo kontrolya vypolneniya meropriyatii v organakh voennogo upravleniya // Informatsionno-izmeritel'nye i upravlyayushchie sistemy. 2011. T. 9. ¹ 5. S. 46-54.
Rudakov I.S., Rudakov S.V., Bogomolov A.V. Metodika identifikatsii vida

Abstract: the article describe a workstation, designed to reduce the time of ergonomic expert evaluations of personal and collective noise protection means by automatic gathering and processing information in the interests of ergonomic expertise of any kinds of means and their combinations. The authors formulate principles of selecting means of noise protection and provide general technology of automated ergonomic expert evaluation of noise protection means, based on the technology mentioned earlier. The research methodology is based on a combination of the results of the structural system analysis, information and logic simulation and design automation of information-measuring systems. As a result of the research a sample automated workplace for ergonomic expert in noise protection was built for the first time. The workplace provides high quality of ergonomic expert evaluations of hearing protection devices while reducing the time of evaluations by providing automated data gathering and automated processing of information for the benefit of ergonomic expertise of any samples of noise protection means in any combinations.

Keywords: ergonomic expert evaluation, automated workplace, information-measuring system, personnel protection means, hearing protection device, systems design, expert system, working conditions monitoring, designing means of protection, hardware-software complex

References:
Soldatov S.K., Bogomolov A.V., Zinkin V.N., Dragan S.P. Problemy obespecheniya akusticheskoy bezopasnosti personala aviatsionnoy promyshlennosti // Bezopasnost' truda v promyshlennosti. 2014. ¹ 10. S. 58-60.
Skuratovskiy N.I. Tekhnologiya ergonomicheskoy ekspertizy sredstv individual'noy zashchity ot aviatsionnogo shuma // Tekhnologii tekhnosfernoy bezopasnosti: internet-zhurnal. – Vyp. ¹ 6 (52). – 20.12.2013.-6 s.-http://ipb.mos.ru/ttb.
Soldatov S.K., Bogomolov A.V., Zinkin V.N., Aver'yanov A.A., Rossel's A.V., Patskin G.A., Sokolov B.A. Sredstva i metody zashchity ot aviatsionnogo shuma: sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya // Aviakosmicheskaya i ekologicheskaya meditsina. 2011. T. 45. ¹ 5. S. 3-11.
Simukhin V.V., Kukushkin Yu.A., Bogomolov A.V., Vorona A.A. Metodicheskie aspekty normirovaniya impul'snykh promyshlennykh shumov // Bezopasnost' truda v promyshlennosti. 2013. ¹ 10. S. 32-35.
Simukhin V.V., Vorona A.A., Bogomolov A.V., Kukushkin Yu.A., Ryzhenkov S.P. Mediko-biologicheskie effekty

Abstract: The article provides a formal description of the structure of objects of intelligent computer-aided design system of technological processes of forging on hammers, developed by the Institute of Engineering Science (Ural Branch) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Particular attention is focused on the system objects, their relations and changing their state under the influence of internal and external control factors. The authors note that each type of forging requires its own subsystem that takes into account all technological features and limitations of the technological process. The first level of integration is in the creation of unified system for all types of design of all standardized forging types. The second level of integration is associated with the embedding of the local system into the general PLM-complex as a one of the software products for the technological pre-production. The article reviews the interaction of properties, methods and events on a specific example of designing of the technological process of a step-shaped shaft. Based on the object-oriented programming technology the authors developed the class-objects of the integrated intellectual computer-aided design system of technological processes of forging on hammers for components of different configurations, implemented the methods and events for designed objects.

Keywords: properties, methods, events, integrated intelligent computer-aided design system, forging on hammers, technological processes, object-oriented technology, class-objects, design

References:
S.20-23. Gagarin P.Yu., Konovalov A.V., Shalyagin S.D. Agentnyy podkhod v SAPR kovki korotkikh pokovok // Programmnye produkty i sistemy. 2011. ¹ 1. S.148-152. Muyzemnek O.Yu, Konovalov A.V., Gagarin P.Yu. Mul'tiagentnyy graficheskiy redaktor SAPR kovki // Programmnye produkty i sistemy. 2011. ¹
S. 148-151. GOST 7829 – 70. POKOVKI IZ UGLERODISTOY I LEGIROVANNOY STALI, IZGOTOVLYaEMYE SVOBODNOY KOVKOY NA MOLOTAKh. PRIPUSKI I DOPUSKI. Izdanie ofitsial'noe. IPK Izdatel'stvo standartov. Moskva. 2000. Arzamastsev S.V., Slugin E.N. Tekhnologicheskiy protsess kovki kak ob'ektno-orientirovannaya sistema // Konstruirovanie i tekhnologiya izgotovleniya mashin. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Ekaterinburg, UGTU, 2000. S.105-107. Konovalov A.V., Arzamastsev S.V., Muyzemnek O.Yu., Kazanskiy D.S., Shalyagin S.D., Gagarin P.Yu. Novyy printsip razrabotki SAPR TP kovki // Kuznesno-shtampovochnoe proizvodstvo. Obrabotka materialov davleniem. 2007. ¹ 1. S.42-47

Abstract: The article is devoted to the issues of industrial buildings reconstruction. The authors present the algorithm of choosing of the optimal method and type of reconstruction based on the physical and moral deterioration of the buildings, which can significantly reduce the time of reconstruction and determines the most optimal method and type of reconstruction, based on the needs of the customer company. The software implementing the algorithm was developed. It allows to determine the sequence of the reconstruction works, the entire process is divided into specialized threads, arranged according to the optimal methods of reconstructions. The algorithm also calculates organizational and technological parameters, such as the need for machines/mechanisms, number of workers and shifts. The developed software allows not only to reduce the reconstruction time, but also offers an optimal calendar schedule for the chosen method of reconstruction matching the stated dates of reconstruction.

Keywords: reconstruction, automation, industrial buildings, physical depreciation, functional depreciation, technical and economic assessment, reconstruction degree, constraint of production, amount of work, processspecialized threads

References:
Konovalov A.V., Arzamastsev S.V., Shalyagin S.D., Muizemnek O.Yu., Gagarin P.Yu. Intellektual'naya SAPR tekhnologicheskikh protsessov kovki valov na molotakh // Zagotovitel'nye proizvodstva v mashinostroenii. 2010. ¹ 1. S.20-23.
Gagarin P.Yu., Konovalov A.V., Shalyagin S.D. Agentnyi podkhod v SAPR kovki korotkikh pokovok // Programmnye produkty i sistemy. 2011. ¹ 1. S.148-152.
Muizemnek O.Yu, Konovalov A.V., Gagarin P.Yu. Mul'tiagentnyi graficheskii redaktor SAPR kovki // Programmnye produkty i sistemy. 2011. ¹ 2. S. 148-151.
GOST 7829 – 70. POKOVKI IZ UGLERODISTOI I LEGIROVANNOI STALI, IZGOTOVLYaEMYE SVOBODNOI KOVKOI NA MOLOTAKh. PRIPUSKI I DOPUSKI. Izdanie ofitsial'noe. IPK Izdatel'stvo standartov. Moskva. 2000.
Arzamastsev S.V., Slugin E.N. Tekhnologicheskii protsess kovki kak ob''ektno-orientirovannaya sistema // Konstruirovanie i tekhnologiya izgotovleniya mashin. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Ekaterinburg, UGTU, 2000. S.105-107.
Konovalov A.V., Arzamastsev S.V., Muizemnek O.Yu., Kazansk

Abstract: The article presents an approach for reducing the burden of queries to a non-relational database by using algorithms for tree-structured data storage. The performance of the data processing operations differs depending on the selected data structures. The study of different tree structures such as B+ trees, log-structured trees or fractal trees proved that tree-based algorithms operates faster than MySQL. The article reviews an LSM-tree algorithm in appliance to the document-oriented databases. The author describes algorithm for basic data operations such as creating, reading, editing and deleting. The proposed algorithm for operating with indexes is based on B or B+ trees. The disadvantage of such data structures is in the complexity of tree balancing when new index is added and high demands on resources because indexes are stored in RAM. Log-Structured Merge-Tree (LSM) is a data structure providing a low cost of indexing operations and high speed of adding and removing of data. LMS-based algorithm can be used for the horizontal scaling: each node forms a data sequence sorted by key. The range of keys for each server is stored at the master-server, which allows forming a request to the server storing needed data without additional queries. Thus an increase of the speed of data retrieval and the servers load balancing is achieved.

Keywords: databases, document-oriented databases, data structure, B+ trees, LSM-trees, non-relational systems, data retrieval, data processing, activity throughput, treelike structures.

References:
Jeremy Cole B+Tree index structures in InnoDB. Ssylka na resurs v Internete: http://blog.jcole.us/2013/01/10/btree-index-structures-in-innodb/
Patrick O'Neil The Log-Structured Merge-Tree (LSM-Tree). Ssylka na resurs v Internete: http://goo.gl/2OcRQ

Abstract: One of the main directions in the improving of automated design quality is in the use of new forms of automated design process organization. The model of design process is required to complete the task of managing the design process in the automated design systems. The design process can be represented by various models depending on the goals of appliance of the models, on the forms accepted and rules of their construction. The theory of Yoshikawa is in the most extensive use. The aim of the design process is to create a project solution that satisfies all requirements to the developed object mostly expressed in the technical assignment. The design process consists of design stages, design procedures and design operations. Stages are composed of design procedures, each of which in its turn includes a serious of design operations. The article describes the basic principles of the design flow, which are an important concept in the theory and practice of the computer-aided design. The authors compare the basic concepts of the theory of computer-aided design and project management, matches the basic concepts of the theory of computer-aided design and the project management methodology. The authors also present a web-based application for organizing the mechanisms of managing the design works in computer-aided design systems.

Keywords: design flow, computer-aided design, object recognition, axiomatic approach, formalization of the process, design, task of the management, network models, network diagram

References:
Goryachev, A. V. Podsistema upravleniya proektami v SAPR / A. V. Goryachev // Izv. SPbGETU «LETI». – 2010.-¹. 6.-S. 41-46.
Goryachev, A. V. Upravlenie znaniyami v proektnoy deyatel'nosti / A. V. Goryachev, N. E. Novakova. SPb.: Izd-vo SPbGETU «LETI», 2012.-160 s.
Khubka, V. Teoriya tekhnicheskikh sistem: Per. s nem. / V. Khubka. – M.: Mir, 1987. – 208 s.
Sol'nitsev, R. I. Avtomatizatsiya proektirovaniya SAU / R. I. Sol'nitsev.-M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1991. – 335 s.
Norenkov, I. P. Osnovy avtomatizirovannogo proektirovaniya: Ucheb. dlya vuzov. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. / I. P. Norenkov.-M.: Izd-vo MGTU im. N. E. Baumana, 2002. – 336 s.
Joshikawa, H. General design theory and artificial intelligence / Joshikawa, H. / Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing. Key to Integration?-1987. P. 35-61
Strel'nikov Yu. N. Obobshchenie tipovykh proektnykh protsedur, vypolnyaemykh v SAPR / Yu. N. Strel'nikov // Avtomatizirovannoe proektirovanie v radioelektronike i priborostroenii: Mezhvuz. sb. nauch.

Abstract: The author focuses on the special aspects and algorithms of automatic generation of a parametric model of a non-parametric description of the drawing based on the adaptive core network of the drawing that changes depending on the size values used. Adaptive network serves as an effective universal parametric model of the drawing as it applies to the entire drawing and therefore to the all important points of the basic graphic primitives, that defines the shape of the item shown in the drawing. At the same time all elements of the drawing specification (various technological keys) are indirectly related to that network. This allows to automatically build almost complete design drawings of modified items. Building of the adaptive core network depends only on the basic graphical elements, view and sizes used. It is not depended on the order and way of formation of graphic primitives (the algorithm of constricting the item), and time and means of dimensional notating of the drawing. That makes it possible to use such network to automatically generate the parametric description of almost any design drawing previously build in the non-parametric systems. It requires only clear dimensional notation for the shape of the item, i.e. the original drawing must meet the requirements of “Unified system for design documentation” allowing to produce the item. The software systems based on the adaptive network may find wide use in the development departments of engineering design offices and businesses.

Keywords: Software, parameterization, adaptation, basic, network, drawing, type, model, algorithm, relation.

References:
Abdulkader Bassam Akhmed, al'-shaykh khasan, Lyachek Yu.T. Ustanovlenie svyazey mezhdu elementami ba-zovoy seti pri parametrizatsii chertezhey // Informatsionno-upravlya-yushchie sistemy. — 2011. — ¹5(54). — S. 39-46.
Abdulkader Bassam Akhmed, Lyachek Yu.T. Vyyavlenie vidov detaley pri avtomaticheskom formiro-vanii parametricheskikh modeley elektronnykh opisaniy chertezhey // Izvestiya SPbGETU “LETI”. — 2012. — ¹3. — S. 27-32.
al'-shaykh khasan, Lyachek Yu.T. Obrabotka parallel'nykh razmerov pri parametrizatsii chertezhey // Inf. tekhn. v prof. deyatel'nosti i nauchn. rabote // Sb. materialov Vserossiyskoy nauch.-prakt. konf. 2011 g. — Yoshkar-Ola: Mariyskiy gosudarstvennyy tekhnicheskiy universitet: v 2 ch. – ch. 1. — s. 85-92

Abstract: This article is devoted to the method of keyboard handwriting recognition as a way of authentication or identiÞ cation of operators in the process of user authentication. The author discusses causes of errors of the Þ rst and second type in biometric systems, describes the concept of threshold value for the access control subsystem. The article describes the main ways of reducing the chance of data errors, proposes development of a biometric access control system with a high degree of adaptability. The author offers to use a machine learning comparison of the model and given handwriting, suggests the use of individual detection thresholds.

Keywords: Software, biometrics, keyboard hand writing, type I errors, type II errors, re cognition, identification, authentication, autho rization, access threshold

References:
Ivanov A.I. Neyrosetevye algoritmy biometricheskoy identifikatsii lichnosti.— Seriya «Neyrokomp'yutery i ikh primenenie». Kn. 15. — M.: Radiotekhnika, 2004. – s. 22-50.
Rybchenko D.E., Kriterii ustoychivosti i individual'nosti komp'yuternogo pocherka pri vvode klyuchevykh fraz.— Spetsial'naya tekhnika sredstv svyazi. Seriya «Sistemy, seti i tekhnicheskie sredstva konfidentsial'noy svyazi».— Penza, PNIEI, 1997, vyp.¹2 – s. 104-107.
Obzor tekhnologiy biometricheskoy identifikatsii – 16.11.03. http://center.forever.kz/hard/other/f0003.htm
Yu.A. Bryukhomitskiy, M.N. Kazarin. Uchebnye biometricheskie sistemy kontrolya dostupa po rukopisnomu i klaviaturnomu pocherkam.— Taganrog, TRGU, 2004 ( http://www.library.mephi.ru/data/scientific-sessions/2006/vnk13/0-1-12.doc)
Vladimir Vezhnevets. Otsenka kachestva raboty klassifikatorov. Komp'yuternaya grafika i mul'timedia. Vypusk ¹4(1)/2006. http://cgm.computergraphics.ru/content/view/106
Metodicheskie ukazaniya po matematicheskomu analizu. Ch. 2. Kurs