Reference:
Zubareva E.G..
The History of Studying the Anthropological Composition of the Population of the Golden Horde
// History magazine: researches. – 2016. – № 1.
– P. 83-92.
DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2016.1.17256.
rubric Историческая антропология
DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2016.1.17256
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Review: The article focuses on the history of studying the anthropological material found on the territory of the Lower Volga region dating to the time of the Golden Horde. The historiography regarding the examination of the anthropological material collected on the territory of the Lower Volga is relatively scarce andfragmented. Unfortunately, none of the modern works on this subject are dedicated to the compilation of all the anthropological works, whose published conclusions concern the whole period of study of the Golden Horde. This article summarises and systematises various paleoanthropological works. In this study the systematic method of processing data was applied, which works with the method of logically analysing source material. This article reviews the history of study of yet another important source of anthropological material. The anthropological material from the towns of the Golden Horde in the Lower Volga region has been studied from the 1920s–1930s and is still studied today. From the whole body of examined material, the author comes to the conclusion that the population of the Golden Horde was not homogenous in its racial composition, but combined Mongoloid and Caucasian traits. The main population component was Caucasian-Mongoloid mestizos, with varying proportions of Caucasian and Mongoloid miscegenation, which has been identified as a local substrate. Along with the local component of the substrate on the territory of the Lower Volga region, there was also a component of alien population, which can be identified as Khorezm, Central Asian, and Russian. The Mongols in a relatively short period of time almost completely dissolved into the conquered tribes. Wherein two methods of miscegenation can be identified: mechanical and biological.
Keywords: anthropology, Golden Horde, Lower Volga region, craniology, osteometry, paleoanthropology, pathologies, historiography, Caucasians, Mongoloids
References:
Balabanova M.A., Pererva E.P., Zubareva E.G. Vakurovskiy mogil'nik Krasnoyarskogo gorodishcha epokhi Zolotoy Ordy. Volgograd, Izd-vo VAGS, 2010. 208 s.
Khodzhayov T.K. Srednevekovye kraniologicheskie materialy iz Astrakhanskoy oblasti // Vestnik antropologii. – Vyp. 12. – M., 2005. S. 76-97.
Rud' N.M. Antropologicheskie dannye k voprosu ob etnicheskikh vzaimootnosheniyakh na Sredney Volge v X-XIV vv. // Antropologiya antichnogo i srednevekovogo naseleniya Vostochnoy Evropy. M., 1987. S. 83 – 141.
Ginzburg V.V. Etnogeneticheskie svyazi drevnego naseleniya Stalingradskogo Zavolzh'ya (Po antropologicheskim materialam Kalinovskogo mogil'nika). Pozdnee srednevekov'e // MIA. – № 60. – M., 1959. S.324-594.
Shevchenko A.V. Antropologicheskaya kharakteristika srednevekovogo naseleniya nizov'ev Volgi (Po kraniologicheskim materialam iz mogil'nika Khan-Tyube)// Issledovaniya po paleoantropologii i kraniologii SSSR. – Sbornik Muzeya antropologii i etnografii AN SSSR. XXXVI. – L., 1980. S.139-168.
Ginzburg V.V, Trofimova T.A. Paleoantropologiya Sredney Azii. M. Izd-vo Nauka, 1972. 371s.
Balabanova M.A. Kraniologicheskaya kharakteristika naseleniya zolotoordynskogo Azaka // Donskaya arkheologiya, 2000. №3-4. S.99-109.
Evteev A.A. Antropologicheskie issledovaniya severo-zapadnogo nekropolya Uvekskogo gorodishcha / A.A. Evteev, D.A. Kubankin, V.V. Kufterin, A.V. Rasskazova // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 23. Antropologiya.-№ 1. – M., 2013. S. 88-104.
Balabanova M.A. Naselenie Tsarevskogo gorodishcha po dannym kranioskopii // Materialy po arkheologii Volgo-Donskikh stepey. – Vyp. 1. – Volgograd, 2001. S.72-75.
Balabanova M.A. Antropologicheskiy sostav i proiskhozhdenie naseleniya Tsarevskogo gorodishcha // Istoriko-arkheologicheskie issledovaniya v Nizhnem Povolzh'e. Vyp. 3. Volgograd: Izd-vo VolGU, 1999. S. 199–228.
Balabanova M.A. Eshche raz o russkikh v Zolotoy Orde // Problemy arkheologii Nizhnego Povolzh'ya. I Mezhdunar. Nizhnevolzh. Arkheolog. Konf., Izd-vo Volgogr. Un-ta, 2004. – S. 298–302.
Zalkind N.G. Kraniologicheskie materialy iz Novogo Saraya (Saray Berke)// Trudy Moskovskogo Obshchestva ispytateley prirody. T. 43. M., 1972. S. 162-166.
Balabanova M.A. O russkom komponente v gorodakh Zolotoy Ordy (Po materialam Vodyanskogo gorodishcha) // Aktual'nye napravleniya antropologii. Sbornik, posvyashchennyy yubileyu akademika RAN T.I. Alekseevoy. M., 2008. S. 12-17.
Balabanova, M. A., Pererva E.V., Zubareva E.G. Antropologiya Krasnoyarskogo gorodishcha zolotoordynskogo vremeni. Volgograd : Izd-vo VAGS, 2011. 180 s.
Tikhonov A.G. Sravnenie razlichnykh metodov rekonstruktsii parametrov fizicheskogo tipa // Vestnik antropologii. M., 1996. Vyp. 2. S. 168-180.
Trofimova T.A. Etnogenez tatar Povolzh'ya v svete dannykh antropologii // Trudy instituta etnografii. T. 7. M.-L.: Izd-vo Nauka, 1949. 256 s.
Tikhonov A.G. Sootnositel'naya izmenchivost' osteometricheskikh i kraniometricheskikh priznakov na primere serii iz Selitrennogo gorodishcha // Na putyakh biologicheskoy istorii chelovechestva. M., 2002. S. 86-101.
Evteev A.A. Polovoy dimorfizm v kraniologicheskoy serii iz nekropolya Selitrennogo gorodishcha // Vestnik antropologii. Vyp. 14. M., 2006. S. 179-186.
Tikhonov A.G. Fizicheskiy tip srednevekovogo naseleniya Evrazii po dannym osteologii: Avtoref. diss. ... na soisk. kand. istorich. nauk. M., 1997. 36 s.
Yablonskiy L.T. Mongoly v gorodakh Zolotoy Ordy (po materialam musul'manskikh nekropoley) // Problemy antropologii drevnego i sovremennogo naseleniya Sovetskoy Azii. Novosibirsk, 1986. S. 6-27.
Yablonskiy L.T. K paleoantropologii srednevekovogo naseleniya Povolzh'ya // Stepi Evropy v epokhu Srednevekov'ya. T. 6. Zolotoordynskoe vremya. Donetsk, 2008. S. 269-286.
Yablonskiy, L.T. Sotsial'no-etnicheskaya struktura zolotoordynskogo goroda po dannym arkheologii i antropologii (mongoly v srednevekovykh gorodakh Povolzh'ya) // Antropologiya antichnogo i srednevekovogo naseleniya Vostochnoy Evropy. M., 1987. S. 142-236.
Debets G.F. Paleoantropologiya SSSR. T. 4. M.-L., TIE, 1948. 392 s.
Rudakov V.G. Istoriya izucheniya Selitrennogo gorodishcha // RA 2000. № 2. S. 180-191.
References (transliteration):
Balabanova M.A., Pererva E.P., Zubareva E.G. Vakurovskiy mogil'nik Krasnoyarskogo gorodishcha epokhi Zolotoy Ordy. Volgograd, Izd-vo VAGS, 2010. 208 s.
Khodzhayov T.K. Srednevekovye kraniologicheskie materialy iz Astrakhanskoy oblasti // Vestnik antropologii. – Vyp. 12. – M., 2005. S. 76-97.
Rud' N.M. Antropologicheskie dannye k voprosu ob etnicheskikh vzaimootnosheniyakh na Sredney Volge v X-XIV vv. // Antropologiya antichnogo i srednevekovogo naseleniya Vostochnoy Evropy. M., 1987. S. 83 – 141.
Ginzburg V.V. Etnogeneticheskie svyazi drevnego naseleniya Stalingradskogo Zavolzh'ya (Po antropologicheskim materialam Kalinovskogo mogil'nika). Pozdnee srednevekov'e // MIA. – № 60. – M., 1959. S.324-594.
Shevchenko A.V. Antropologicheskaya kharakteristika srednevekovogo naseleniya nizov'ev Volgi (Po kraniologicheskim materialam iz mogil'nika Khan-Tyube)// Issledovaniya po paleoantropologii i kraniologii SSSR. – Sbornik Muzeya antropologii i etnografii AN SSSR. XXXVI. – L., 1980. S.139-168.
Ginzburg V.V, Trofimova T.A. Paleoantropologiya Sredney Azii. M. Izd-vo Nauka, 1972. 371s.
Balabanova M.A. Kraniologicheskaya kharakteristika naseleniya zolotoordynskogo Azaka // Donskaya arkheologiya, 2000. №3-4. S.99-109.
Evteev A.A. Antropologicheskie issledovaniya severo-zapadnogo nekropolya Uvekskogo gorodishcha / A.A. Evteev, D.A. Kubankin, V.V. Kufterin, A.V. Rasskazova // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 23. Antropologiya.-№ 1. – M., 2013. S. 88-104.
Balabanova M.A. Naselenie Tsarevskogo gorodishcha po dannym kranioskopii // Materialy po arkheologii Volgo-Donskikh stepey. – Vyp. 1. – Volgograd, 2001. S.72-75.
Balabanova M.A. Antropologicheskiy sostav i proiskhozhdenie naseleniya Tsarevskogo gorodishcha // Istoriko-arkheologicheskie issledovaniya v Nizhnem Povolzh'e. Vyp. 3. Volgograd: Izd-vo VolGU, 1999. S. 199–228.
Balabanova M.A. Eshche raz o russkikh v Zolotoy Orde // Problemy arkheologii Nizhnego Povolzh'ya. I Mezhdunar. Nizhnevolzh. Arkheolog. Konf., Izd-vo Volgogr. Un-ta, 2004. – S. 298–302.
Zalkind N.G. Kraniologicheskie materialy iz Novogo Saraya (Saray Berke)// Trudy Moskovskogo Obshchestva ispytateley prirody. T. 43. M., 1972. S. 162-166.
Balabanova M.A. O russkom komponente v gorodakh Zolotoy Ordy (Po materialam Vodyanskogo gorodishcha) // Aktual'nye napravleniya antropologii. Sbornik, posvyashchennyy yubileyu akademika RAN T.I. Alekseevoy. M., 2008. S. 12-17.
Balabanova, M. A., Pererva E.V., Zubareva E.G. Antropologiya Krasnoyarskogo gorodishcha zolotoordynskogo vremeni. Volgograd : Izd-vo VAGS, 2011. 180 s.
Tikhonov A.G. Sravnenie razlichnykh metodov rekonstruktsii parametrov fizicheskogo tipa // Vestnik antropologii. M., 1996. Vyp. 2. S. 168-180.
Trofimova T.A. Etnogenez tatar Povolzh'ya v svete dannykh antropologii // Trudy instituta etnografii. T. 7. M.-L.: Izd-vo Nauka, 1949. 256 s.
Tikhonov A.G. Sootnositel'naya izmenchivost' osteometricheskikh i kraniometricheskikh priznakov na primere serii iz Selitrennogo gorodishcha // Na putyakh biologicheskoy istorii chelovechestva. M., 2002. S. 86-101.
Evteev A.A. Polovoy dimorfizm v kraniologicheskoy serii iz nekropolya Selitrennogo gorodishcha // Vestnik antropologii. Vyp. 14. M., 2006. S. 179-186.
Tikhonov A.G. Fizicheskiy tip srednevekovogo naseleniya Evrazii po dannym osteologii: Avtoref. diss. ... na soisk. kand. istorich. nauk. M., 1997. 36 s.
Yablonskiy L.T. Mongoly v gorodakh Zolotoy Ordy (po materialam musul'manskikh nekropoley) // Problemy antropologii drevnego i sovremennogo naseleniya Sovetskoy Azii. Novosibirsk, 1986. S. 6-27.
Yablonskiy L.T. K paleoantropologii srednevekovogo naseleniya Povolzh'ya // Stepi Evropy v epokhu Srednevekov'ya. T. 6. Zolotoordynskoe vremya. Donetsk, 2008. S. 269-286.
Yablonskiy, L.T. Sotsial'no-etnicheskaya struktura zolotoordynskogo goroda po dannym arkheologii i antropologii (mongoly v srednevekovykh gorodakh Povolzh'ya) // Antropologiya antichnogo i srednevekovogo naseleniya Vostochnoy Evropy. M., 1987. S. 142-236.
Debets G.F. Paleoantropologiya SSSR. T. 4. M.-L., TIE, 1948. 392 s.
Rudakov V.G. Istoriya izucheniya Selitrennogo gorodishcha // RA 2000. № 2. S. 180-191.