Abstract: The paper considers the topical issues of strategic target-setting in the Russian Federation. The part one contains the results of methodological analysis of the national security provision strategies. To prove the importance of target-setting in public management, the author applies the hypothesis that ineffectiveness of measures, aimed at the development of the country, is caused by insufficient target-setting. Strategic target-setting in the sphere of national security provision is characterized by the fact that the key strategical guidelines of national security provision – national interests of the Russian Federation – include the issues of national security provision and the socio-economic development issues. The author explains such a mixture of development and security goals by the absence of a scientifically based vision of the hierarchy of development goals of the society and the provision of its safety. The author applies the methods of formal-logical and comparative analysis, modeling and analogy with the results of other sciences: activity theory, motivation theory, and synergetic. In the author’s opinion, the effectiveness of strategic target-setting can be ensured subject to the fundamental interrelation and interdependence of the national security strategy and the socio-economic development strategy of the Russian Federation. The author concludes that the recognition of threats to the safety of a person, the society, and the state forms the contents of task-oriented target-setting in the sphere of national security provision. 

Keywords: interdependence, development, task-oriented target-setting, strategical national priorities, national interests, system of strategic guidelines, system of strategical planning, instability, national security provision, strategic target-setting methodology

Abstract: The research object is the characteristics and factors of development of societies and states. The research subject is the creation of the model and indexes of sovereign development of the key states. The article demonstrates the model that takes into account the following indexes: population size, territory size, and social technologies. Instead of the difficult-to-calculate and difficult-to-evaluate innovation index, the author offers the social technologies index consisting of three indicators: urbanization, GDP per capita, and population size growth rates. The author applies the natural-science approach and mathematical modeling. The author enumerates the key 20 countries in the descending order of the sovereign development index: China, the USA, India, Russia, Brazil, Canada, Indonesia, Mexico, Australia, DR Congo, Nigeria, Argentina, Iran, Pakistan, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Egypt, the Republic of South Africa, Turkey. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the application of publicly available statistical data for the calculation of the sovereign development indexes of countries covering long periods of time. 

Keywords: social technologies, defense potential, security, sovereign development function, development, rating, index, population, model, parameter estimation

Abstract: The paper considers the problems of tactical situations recognition in the context of autonomous use of military robotic systems. In the opinion of most Russian and foreign experts, arming of troops with autonomous military robotic systems, equipped with reconnaissance assets and weapons, can significantly increase the effectiveness of conduct of operations and reduce depletion of ranks. The absence of an effective mechanism of tactical situations recognition in the context of the environment that is hard to formalize is one of the key deterrents to the creation of autonomous military systems. The authors suggest applying logical and linguistic methods and their neural network realizations, particularly, the multilayer perceptron, to solve the mentioned task. The modeling results demonstrate that the use of neural network realization of logical and linguistic methods of recognition, based on the multilayer perceptron, allows using such methods in the on-board computer intelligence of a military robotic system for the recognition of tactical situations. The use of the multilayer perceptron helps significantly speed up the process of the new knowledge processing, since in order to create the new system of tactical situations recognition it is necessary to merely correct the learning sample and retrain the multilayer perceptron; it takes less time than the formation of a new logical samples group by a group of experts. 

Keywords: linguistic variable, fuzzy model, logical-linguistic methods, tactical situation, autonomy, unmanned aerial vehicle, robotic system, pattern recognition, artificial neural network, multilayer perceptron

Abstract: The authors consider the problems of the struggle against corruption within the higher education system. The authors study organizational and methodological aspects of anti-corruption measures’ effectiveness monitoring in Plekhanov Russian University of Economics and form the unique basis, which can serve as a principle for theoretical and applied developments in this sphere and can be used not only in Russian institutions of higher education, but also within the public authorities system responsible for the implementation of the national educational policy. The research methodology is based on the analysis of scientific works devoted the problem of the struggle against corruption in Russia and abroad, the synthesis of the best Russian and foreign practices, and the long-term observations of the authors, evaluated in Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. Based on these methods, the authors develop recommendations for anti-corruption measures’ effectiveness monitoring in institutions of higher education and educational organizations. The authors develop methodological recommendations for the organization of regular monitoring of anti-corruption measures’ effectiveness in higher education institutions, which can be widely applied both in the theory and the practice of the struggle against corruption within the educational system of Russia. 

Keywords: pedagogics, education, competences, labor market, corruption prevention, reform of educational system, civil society, struggle against corruption, corruption, higher education

Abstract: The research object is the peculiarities of the modern Turkey’s foreign policy in its historical development from Osmanism to Kemalism and Pan-Turkism, and its influence on relations with Russia. The main ideologies of the Republic of Turkey have been mixing and synthesizing for the last 20-30 years. Often it’s hard to define where Kemalism ends and Neo-Osmanism or Islamism starts, and it is the reflection of the objective process of interpenetration of the two main political elites and the establishment of a certain form of a compromise between them. The author applies the methods of political-historical and comparative analysis to define the place and role of Russia-Turkey relations on the geopolitical map of Middle East and Central Asia. The author concludes that the modern Turkey’s foreign policy can be characterized as a policy of turbulent pragmatism or as a policy of national interests as they are understood by the political leaders of the country in the particular moment and the particular political situation, when political decisions are made on the base of short-term and medium-term benefits. Despite the current crisis in bilateral Russia-Turkey relations, the fundamental parameters and strategical goals of sectoral cooperation between the countries remain. 

Keywords: Pan-Islamism, Pan-Turkism, international security, Kemalism, strategic interests, Turkey, Russia, Westernism, Syria, Middle East

Abstract: The research subject is the system of safety of innovative activities and products manufactured by small and medium enterprises in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Innovative activities of enterprises of this sector of the economy annually spread in new sectors of science and production. Thus, the topicality of the problem of the harm of innovations increases, and appears the necessity to solve the problem of the safety of innovative projects. The key aspects of the research are defined within the situation analysis characterized by the growing necessity to develop import substitution. The author applies the system approach to the analysis of development of innovations in the Republic of Bashkortostan; within this approach, the author applies the social method of evaluation of the impact of innovations on the main spheres of social life. The author carries out comparative analysis of the structure of small and medium enterprises in the Republic and specifies the terminology. The author offers the measures to improve the safety of innovative activities, particularly: imposition of additional responsibility on those involved in the development and introduction of innovative products and those using innovative products; creation of analytical and diagnostic centers for innovative products’ safety. 

Keywords: environmental safety, legal safety, statistical method, survey, entrepreneurship, innovations, security, public health safety, science and technology safety, military safety

Abstract: The article considers one of the most topical and complicated social phenomena of the present days – road safety. The purpose of the study is to obtain the comprehensive knowledge and didactic background for the improvement of educational materials on this subject. The author attempts to carry out categorial analysis of this phenomenon from the position of philosophy and theory of law. The research object is the nature and the characteristics of social relations arising in the process of transportation of people and cargoes by vehicles. The research subject is the legally established conditions of the process of transportation. The author applies logical and legal, and structural research methods, psychological and legal analysis, and semantic abstractions development. The author describes the safety phenomenon from socio-philosophical positions. The author concludes about the fundamental nature of the road safety phenomenon, its organic relation to the general concepts of theory of law, and law enforcement character. At the same time, the author ascertains that the best way to reveal the essence of this phenomenon is the application of cross-sectoral approach. 

Keywords: law enforcement, breach of law, law and order, legitimacy, legal consciousness, theory of law, scientific category, road safety, safety, cross-sectoral approach